• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Overexpression of amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Hyperphosphorylated isoforms of tau are major components of neurofibrillary tangles, which are histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major tau protein phosphatase, consists of a structural A subunit, catalytic C subunit, and a variety of regulatory B subunits. The B subunits have been reported to modulate function of the PP2A holoenzyme by regulating substrate binding, enzyme activity, and subcellular localization. In the current study, we characterized regulatory B subunit-specific regulation of tau protein phosphorylation. We showed that the PP2A B subunit PPP2R2A mediated dephosphorylation of tau protein at Ser-199, Ser-202/Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-262, and Ser-422. Down-regulation of PPP2R5D expression decreased tau phosphorylation at Ser-202/Thr-205, Thr-231, and Ser-422, which indicates activation of the tau kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK3{\beta}$) by PP2A with PPP2R5D subunit. The level of activating phosphorylation of the $GSK3{\beta}$ kinase Akt at Thr-308 and Ser-473 were both increased by PPP2R5D knockdown. We also characterized B subunit-specific phosphorylation sites in tau using mass spectrometric analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the phosphorylation status of the tau protein may be affected by PP2A, depending on the specific B subunits. These studies further our understanding of the function of various B subunits in mediating site-specific regulation of tau protein phosphorylation.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

플랫폼 비즈니스 모델은 네트워크 효과, 플라이휠 전략 등의 고유 특성으로 인해 선두주자가 시장을 독점하기에 용이한 구조를 가지고 있다. 이에 따라, 플랫폼 사업자에 대한 규제는 최근 독점 규제 논의에서 끊임없이 언급되고 있으나, 전 세계적으로 구체적인 플랫폼 규제 정책이 자리 잡지 못하는 상황이다. 이는 플랫폼의 경제적 가치를 정량적으로 평가하는 방법이 아직 합의되지 않아, 독점이 우려되는 대형 플랫폼과 태동 중인 신흥 플랫폼을 객관적으로 구분할 지표가 마련되어있지 않기 때문이다. 본 연구는 토빈의 Q 이론(Tobin's Q Theory)을 바탕으로, 특정 규모의 플랫폼 보유 여부가 대체비용과 시가총액 간의 관계에 미치는 조절 효과를 측정하여 플랫폼 기업이 가진 플랫폼 가치를 평가하는 방법을 제언하였다. 본 연구의 방법론은 플랫폼 독점 규제 대상을 객관화하여 독점 규제 정책을 정착시킬 수 있는 기반이 될 수 있으며, 동시에 향후 등장할 신흥 플랫폼 기업의 잠재력을 객관적으로 평가하여 활발한 투자시장을 형성하는데 기여할 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2023

A family of signal transduction pathways known as wingless type (Wnt) signaling pathways is essential to developmental processes like cell division and proliferation. Mutation in Wnt signaling results in a variety of diseases, including cancers of the breast, colon, and skin, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease; thus, the Wnt signaling pathways have been attractive targets for disease treatment. However, the complicatedness and large involveness of the pathway often hampers pinpointing the specific targets of the metabolic process. In our current study, we investigated the differential metabolic regulation by the overexpression of the Wnt signaling pathway in a timely-resolved manner by applying high-throughput and un-targeted metabolite profiling. We have detected and annotated 321 metabolite peaks from a total of 36 human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells using GC-TOF MS and LC-Orbitrap MS. The un-targeted metabolomic analysis identified the radical reprogramming of a range of central carbon/nitrogen metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, and glutaminolysis, and fatty acid pathways. The investigation, combined with targeted mRNA profiles, elucidated an explicit understanding of activated fatty acid metabolism (β-oxidation and biosynthesis). The findings proposed detailed mechanistic biochemical dynamics in response to Wnt-driven metabolic changes, which may help design precise therapeutic targets for Wnt-related diseases.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.125-146
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• 2015

The "Child Care and Education Policy(CCEP)" is important because it is responsible for providing 'care and education service' to young children in their 'most sensitive period' of human development. In reality, however, children's rights can only be sanctioned by adults and their rights are recognized at the level of abstraction. This study analyzes the 'Child Edu-care Act(CEA)' first enacted in 1991 from the 'perspective of children's rights', especially in terms of the rights of infants and preschoolers. In order to assess the CEA's "children's rights guarantee level", this study developed a number of standards based on the "UN Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC)" and other documents. The results revealed that "children's rights guarantee level" was assessed against 4 categories ('Right to Survival and Development', 'Right to Welfare', 'Right to Education', and 'Right to Proper Care'), and the CEA(1991) was found to have a high guarantee level although it was enacted before Korea's ratification of the CRC. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference point for detailing children's rights and suggesting regulation standards for the CCEP.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2014

Artificial islands, installations and structures have been used as a major means for ocean development and management since the early 20th century. The International legal regime to regulate the man-made offshore structures also have evolved and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) acts as a basic international instrument for that purpose. Although the Convention includes more detailed provisions on man-made offshore structures, there are some legal issues regarding jurisdiction of coastal State on the man-made offshore structures in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) or on the Continental shelf. For this reason, this article begins by reviewing the 1958 Convention on the Continental shelf and the UNCLOS by focusing on the EEZ and the Continental shelf regime governing the man-made offshore structures. It next examines some controversial international legal issues that have emerged from the regulation of man-made offshore structures in the EEZ or on the Continental shelf. This is followed by a review of the Korean domestic laws regulating artificial islands, installations and structures in the EEZ or on the continental shelf. Finally, it closes by summarizing the findings of the above examinations, and suggests some recommendations for future works.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 코로나-19 팬데믹이라는 위기로 인해 증가하고 있는 커플 관계에서의 갈등을 다루기 위해 비대면 정서도식 커플 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고 미혼 커플의 정서인지 및 정서조절 향상에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 연구절차는 프로그램 개발 절차와 프로그램 효과성 검증 절차로 이루어졌고, 구체적으로 8단계의 프로그램 개발과정을 바탕으로 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구대상은 미혼 커플 11쌍(22명)으로 총 4개의 집단으로 구성되었으며, 주 1회(2회기)씩 총 5주(10회기) 동안 진행되었다. 프로그램의 효과성 검증은 양적 분석과 질적 분석을 통해 실시하였다. 양적 분석 결과, 참여자들의 이성관계 만족도가 유의미하게 향상되고, 커플들의 관계정서도식에 유의한 변화가 있음을 확인하였다. 참여자들의 프로그램 소감문에 대한 질적 분석한 결과, 참여자들의 정서이해가 향상되고, 커플관계가 개선되었으며, 커플 집단상담만의 집단효과가 있었다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제53권
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• pp.31-48
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• 2012

If see CISG's passing of risk and altered regulations first, when sales contract accompanies transport of goods and seller does not have duty to deliver goods at particular place, when deliver to the first carter to send to purchaser according to sales contract risk passes to purchaser, and when there is duty that seller must deliver goods to carter at specification place, when goods are delivered to carter at same place, risk does not pass to purchaser. Second, risk about transporting goods passes to purchaser at signing a contract. But, when there is special assessment, risk passes to purchaser when goods are delivered to carter who publish document that embody contract of carriage. Nevertheless, it is loss if seller did not notify this truth to occasion purchaser who could knew loss or damage of goods or know justly at sales contract conclusion defamation danger seller of be burdensome. Third, seller has responsibility about damage or loss as long as hide in own artificiality or forbearance after risk passes to purchaser. Regulation about risk in Incoterms 2010 was separated into 11 condition, and move time of risk differs in angle condition. It is appeared that the substance handles relatively comprehensively because compare in Incoterms 2010 although it is because it becomes if it examines regulation about deliver and passing of risk of goods setting in CISG relatively concise. Also, segments that can become posibility of analysis controversy exist.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1996

A number of experimental evidences suggest that the rnun ventrolateral medulla(RVLM) is the final common pathway in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. A Voup of neurons in the RVLM, called the cardiovascular neurons (UN), show spontaneous activity temporally synchronized with the periodic cardiac cycle. These neurons affect the sympathetic nerve discharge(SND), thus are believed to be responsible for blood pressure control. The present experiment identified 98 UVNs in 42 cats based on the temporal relationships between each neuron's activity with both the cardiac cycle and SWD. In 20 UWL changes of spontaneous firing rate(FR) during the somatosympathetic reflex(SSR) were studied Five different firing patterns were observed during the pressor and depressor responses of SSR, implying that they form an interconnected neuronal circuit interacting with one another to generate efferent signals for blood pressure regulation. In the following companion paper, the firing patterns of CVN are analyzed to develop a minimal neuronal circuit model explaining the present experimental outcome.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1996

A number of experimental evidences suggest that the rnun ventrolateral medulla(RVLM) is the final common pathway in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. A Voup of neurons in the RVLM, called the cardiovascular neurons (UN), show spontaneous activity temporally synchronized with the periodic cardiac cycle. These neurons affect the sympathetic nerve discharge(SND), thus are believed to be responsible for blood pressure control. The present experiment identified 98 UVNs in 42 cats based on the temporal relationships between each neuron's activity with both the cardiac cycle and SWD. In 20 UWL changes of spontaneous firing rate(FR) during the somatosympathetic reflex(SSR) were studied Five different firing patterns were observed during the pressor and depressor responses of SSR, implying that they form an interconnected neuronal circuit interacting with one another to generate efferent signals for blood pressure regulation. In the following companion paper, the firing patterns of CVN are analyzed to develop a minimal neuronal circuit model explaining the present experimental outcome.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2019

누구나 경험하는 상실경험은 보다 어린 시기에 경험되었을 경우에 더 부정적인 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 대학생들의 청소년기 상실경험에 대한 정서표현과 부정적 정서조절방략이 우울에 미치는 영향에 대한 자존감의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 연구에 참여한 총 380명의 대학생을 대상으로 지금까지 어떤 상실을 경험했는지, 상실 경험 후의 정서표현과 부정적 정서조절방략이 자존감의 정도에 따라 어떻게 우울에 영향을 끼치는 가를 알아보기 위해 SPSS 21.0과 Amos21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과는 상실경험에 대한 정서표현은 우울에 부적인 관계를 보였고(${\beta}=-.180$, p<.01), 부정적 정서조절 방략은 우울과 정적인 관계(${\beta}=.266$, p<.001)를 보였다. 그리고 상실경험에 대한 정서표현은 자존감수준을 증가시킴으로 우울 수준을 감소시키며, 상실경험에 대한 부정적 정서조절방략은 자존감 수준을 저하시킴으로 우울 수준을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 상실 이후 경험하게 되는 다양한 정서적 경험에 대해 누구에게라도 말하는 경험이 많을수록, 자신을 비난하지 않고 긍정적으로 생각하려고 할수록, 높은 자존감을 유지할수록 우울을 덜 경험할 수 있을 것이라고 예측해 볼 수 있다.