• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the smoking type among those who have used regular cigarettes, liquid or cigarette-type e-cigarettes. Methods: The subjects of analysis were 6,081 people who had smoked regular cigarettes or e-cigarettes. For data analysis, SPSS ver.25.0 statistical package program was used. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the factors affecting smoking type. Results: Factors affecting the experience of using e-cigarettes compared to regular cigarette smoking are gender and class. Academic performance, living with family members, drinking experience, and secondhand smoke in school. The factors influencing dual use compared to regular cigarette smoking were gender, class, academic performance, economic status, living with family, drinking experience, and experience of secondhand smoke in school. Smoking cessation attempts had an effect on dual use compared to regular cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Smoking cessation experience had a greater effect on e-cigarette use than regular cigarette smoking.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.278-292
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• 2007

This study is intended to identify how the organizational factors of hotel employees influence their job satisfaction and organizational commitment by the type of employment. Samples used for data analysis are 452 workers working for hotel companies including 276 regular employees and 176 non-regular employees. The results are as follows: first, the job satisfaction of regular employees is generally higher than that of non-regular employees. Second, the degree of affective and continuous commitment showed significant difference by the type of employment, but normative commitment did not. Third, according to the result of how job satisfaction influences organizational commitment, the job satisfaction of non-regular employees alone is not affected by the relationship of senior officers and coworkers.

• 복식
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to classify body type for ready-to-wear sizes. The subjects were 300 women ages of 18-24. they were measured direct anthropometry. The body types for sizing system were divided by Rohrer Index. KS drop value and ISO drop value. The results of this study were as follows. 1. By adapting the Rohrer Index. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The thin type covered 39.3%, the standard type 51.0% and the obesity type 18.7%. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Thin type was characterized by tall. slender type and slim. The standard type was characterized by middle sized. The obesity type was characterized by short. fat type. and large bust. 2. By adapting the KS system drop value. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The H type(drop 0) covered 25.6%. the N type(drop 6) 65.2% and the A type(drop 12) 9.2%. Type H was slightly tall large bust. and curved from waist to hip. Type A was slightly thin. large hip and smaller bust than type N. Principal factor components were bust size. The height could be divided into three groups. The Petite(l50cm) covered 5.5%. the Regular(l60cm) 64.7% and the Tall(l70cm) 29.8%. Through the crosstab of height and body type. we extracted regular height by N type 46.2% the largest cell. The body type was the higher order of N type. H type and A type. The tall was the higher order of Regular. Tall and Petite. 3. By adapting the ISO system drop value. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The H type(drop 0) covered 15.0%. the M type(drop 6) 41.0% and the A type(drop 12) 44.0%. Type H was slightly short. slightly fat and large bust. Type A was slightly tall. slight thin than type M. The height could be divided into three groups. We adjust the height section after allow for height distribution. The Short(152cm) covered 12.8%. the Regular(160cm) 66.9% and the Long(168cm) 20.3%. Through the crosstab of height and body type, we extracted regular height by M type 29.3% the largest cell. The body type was the higher order of M type, A type and H type. The tall was the higher order of Regular, Long and short.

• 소비문화연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.93-118
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• 2012

본 연구는 예비적 저축행동 이론의 관점에서 가구주 근로유형이 가계저축에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 근로유형별 가계저축에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 실증분석 자료는 2009년도 한국복지패널조사(KOWEPS) 자료로, 가구주 근로유형이 상용직과 비상용직(임시직, 일용직, 공공근로)인 가계로 한정하여 2009년도 한국복지패널조사 가구 총 6,207가구 중 2,463가구를 본 연구의 실증분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 가구주의 근로유형은 가계저축에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 예비적 저축행동 이론에서 제시하는 기대와는 일치하지 않았다. 즉, 상용직 가구주 가계가 임시직, 일용직 혹은 공공근로의 비상용직 가구주 가계보다 더 많은 예비적 저축을 하였고, 나아가 더 많은 예비적 자산을 축적하는 것으로 나타났다. 가구주 근로유형별 가계저축에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 가구주 근로유형별로 영향 요인 및 정도에 차이가 존재하기는 하였으나 주로 월평균 총소비지출, 부채 유무, 순자산, 빈곤 여부, 가구원수, 기초보장 유무가 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여기에서 특히 주목할 만한 것은 예비적 저축에 대한 기초보장의 정적 영향이었다.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.139-175
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• 2013

본 연구는 한국노동패널데이터(5차~13차)를 사용하여 고용형태별 직무만족도 차이 및 결정요인을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정규직이 비정규직에 비해 직무만족도가 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 비정규직을 고용형태별로 세분화하여 직무만족도를 분석한 결과, 비정규직 내에서는 한시적 근로가 가장 높았으며, 장기임시직이 가장 낮았다. 그리고 직업선택 방식에 따른 고용형태별 직무만족도 차이를 분석한 결과, 자발적으로 직업을 선택한 경우가 비자발적으로 직업을 선택한 경우에 비해 직무만족도가 높았다. 둘째, 고용형태별 직무만족도 결정요인을 분석한 결과, 정규직은 모든 변수가 종속변수인 직무만족도에 대해 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 반면, 비정규직은 고용유형에 따라 제한적으로만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 직업선택 방식에 따른 직무만족도 결정요인의 경우, 자발적으로 직업을 선택한 그룹은 경력변수를 제외한 모든 변수가 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 반면, 비자발적으로 직업을 선택한 그룹은 성별, 임금 등 일부변수에서만 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 고용형태별 직무만족도를 분석할 시에는 정규직과 비정규직으로만 구분하는 것보다 고용형태별로 세분화하여 분석하는 것이 더 의미가 있으며, 직업선택 방식(자발적/비자발적) 또한 고려될 필요가 있다.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.293-319
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• 2018

본 연구는 통계청의 기업활동조사(2006년~2015년)를 병합하여 산업유형별 상용직 고용 결정요인을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2015년 기준 외주를 활용한 기업의 비중은 73.2%였으며, 제조업(83.7%)이 비제조업(63.7%)에 비해 20%p 높았다. 그리고 지난 10년간의 외주비 증가율은 제조업 88.7%, 비제조업 44.2%로 나타나 제조업이 두 배 이상 높았다. 둘째, 상용직 고용 결정요인을 추정한 결과, 노동소득분배율, 영업이익률, 매출액, 연구개발 집중도, 외국자본비율 변수는 상용직 고용을 유의하게 증가시키는 반면, 외주비, 자본집약도, 임시 일용직비율 변수는 고용을 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 인건비 변수는 임금인상이 이뤄진 당해 연도는 상용직 고용을 감소시키지만, 그 다음해에는 상용직 고용을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 산업유형을 세분화하여 외주가 고용에 미치는 영향을 추정한 결과, 모든 유형에서 상용직 고용을 감소시켰으며, 감소 폭은 제조업에서는 기초소재형, 비제조업에서는 유통서비스형이 가장 컸다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2003

The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of commonly consumed espresso and regular coffees, at coffee shops in downtown Seoul, were investigated. Moreover, the characteristics between chain type coffee shops and owner shops were compared using t-tests. The serving temperature and volume of espresso were lower than those for regular coffees. Whereas, the pH and total acidity of espresso were higher than those for regular coffees. Coffees from chain shops, in particular, had a significantly higher pH and lower total acidity than those from owner shops. The L, a and b values of the regular coffees were higher than those of the espresso coffees. With the exception of the a value of regular coffees, all the color values of the coffees from owner shops were higher than those from the chain shops. The intensity of the brownness, soluble solid contents and total phenolic contents of the espresso coffees were about 7∼8, 8∼9 and 4 times higher, respectively, than those of regular coffees. In addition, the free radical scavenging capacities and antioxidant activities of the espresso coffees, using a chemiluminescence assay, were higher than those of regular coffees. Espresso coffees from chain shops, especially, had higher activities of free radical scavenging than those from owner shops. In conclusion, the characteristics of coffees from chain shops were significantly different from those from owner coffee shops.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1990

This report is study about difference of H-D curve in regular film and ortho type film, and obtained results as follows : 1. In the blue-color emission intensifying screen, ortho type films and in the green-color emission intensifying screens, regular type are decreased in their gradient. 2. When joint use of regular type film and ortho type film, the gradient difference not seen in blue color screen. 3. The gradient difference seen clearly in G4, KM screens(green color emission intensifying). Especially, in part of high film density, the gradient difference are great. So we have to right use of screen and film because not matched used of theare the sensitivity and gradient are decrease.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences and the influencing factors of health habits such as smoking, drinking, and exercise on job stress among IT workers. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to total of 300 people (30 persons per business place) at 10 IT work sites performing computer and information system tasks, and 275 data points were analyzed. The survey items were general characteristics, occupational characteristics, employment type, physical burden, amount of drinking, smoking, exercise, and job stress. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, non-regular workers showed higher smoking, exercise, and job stress than did regular workers by employment type, but exercise was not significant. Regular workers had a higher rate of drinking than non-regular workers. Second, the factors affecting alcohol drinking were gender and age, and factors affecting smoking were gender and employment type. Third, factors affecting job stress were annual income, long working hours, physical burden, and employment type. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider employment patterns in smoking, drinking, and job stress management. In addition, it is necessary to deeply analyze what affects the health behaviors and job stress of IT workers and explore ways to mitigate them.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2000

Two kinds of nylon 6 fabrics with different fiber denier, such as ultramicro fiber(UMF) nonwoven fabric(monodenier 0.05d) and regular fabric(monodenier 2.92d) are dyed with C.I. Acid Red 18(leveling type) and C.I. Acid Blue 113(milling type). Dyeing rates and adsorption isotherms are measured at $60^\circ{C}$, pH 5.0 and at liquor ratio of 1 : 250. To investigate the effect of fixing agents (Matexil FA-SNX, Monorex-RD and Tinofix-ECO) on UMF nylon 6 nonwoven fabric, dyeing is carried out at 3~10% owf with 1 : 2 metal-complex acid dyes, such as Kayalax Navy R(unsulphonated type), Lanasyn Blue S-BL(monosulphonated type) and Kayakalan Black BGL(disulphonated type). The dyeing rate of UMF nylon 6 is faster than that of regular nylon 6. From the results of absorption isotherms, the regular nylon 6 has higher saturation value of Acid Red 18 compared with UMF nylon 6, whereas UMF nylon 6 has higher saturation value of the acid Blue 113. From the absorption isotherms of both acid dyes, the regular nylon 6 has higher saturation value of Acid Red 18, whereas UMF nylon 6 has higher saturation value of the acid Blue 113. The wash fastnesses of UMF nylon 6 increases in the order of metal-complek dye containing nonsulphonated group > monosulphonated group>disulphonated group. Aftertreatment of UMF nylon 6 dyed with unsulponated and monosulphonated dyes improves wash fastness upto grade 1.5, where as that of UMF nylon 6 dyes with disulphonated dye does not improve wash fastness.