• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.316-323
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate three-dimensional positional change of the condyle using 3D CT after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in skeletal class III patients. Patients and methods: Nine patients who underwent BSSRO for mandibular set-back in skeletal class III malocclusion without facial asymmetry were examined. Miniplates were used for the fixation after BSSRO. 3-D CT was taken before, immediately after, and 6 months after undergoing BSSRO. After creating 3D-CT images using V-works $4.0^{TM}$ program, axial plane, coronal plane, & sagittal plane were configured. Three dimensional positional change, from each plane to the condyle, of the nine patients was measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after undergoing BSSRO. Results: 1. The mean value of mandibular set-back for nine mandibular prognathism patients was 7.36 mm (${\pm}\;2.42\;mm$). 2. In the axial view, condyle is rotated inward immediately after BSSRO (p < 0.05), comparing with preoperative but outward 6 months after BSSRO comparing with postoperative (p < 0.05). 3. In the axial view, condyle is moved laterally immediately after BSSRO (p < 0.05), comparing with preoperative but regressed 6 months after BSSRO comparing with preoperative (p > 0.05). 4. In the frontal & coronal view, there is changed immediately after and 6 months after BSSRO, comparing with preoperative but no statistical difference. Conclusion: These results indicate that three-dimensional positional change of the condyle in skeletal class III patients is observed lateral displacement & inward rotation immediate after BSSRO, but the condyle in 6 months after BSSRO tends to regress to preoperative position.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.513-523
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine how career decision-making self-efficacy and ego-resilience of college students after military service influence college life adjustment. For this purpose, the questionnaire was administered to 234 male college students who returned to the four-year university in Jeonbuk area. The collected data were analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression using SPSS 18.0. As a result of examining the correlation between each variables, the subscale adaptation of college life adjustment and university environment adaptation showed a positive correlation with the goal selection of career decision self-efficacy and optimistic attitude of ego-resilience. Future plan of career decision-making self-efficacy, optimistic attitude of ego-resilience and personal-emotional adaptation of college life adaptation showed a positive correlation between self-evaluation of career decision self-efficacy and self-resilience confidence. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis, it was found that ego-resilience had more influence on college life adjustment than career decision self-efficacy. The limitations of this study were discussed along with the significance of this study, which was revealed through data collection only for students who came back after military service.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.581-585
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• 2002

Focal epithelial hyperplasia(FEH) is Human papilloma virus - induced, localized proliferation of oral squamous epithelium. FEH usually occurs in the childhood, but occasionally affects the young and middle-aged adults. Sites of the greatest involvement include the labial, buccal and lingual mucosa, but lesions of gingiva or tongue have also been reported. This disease is typically characterized by multiple soft, non-tender flattened papules and plaques. Occasional lesions show a slight papillary surface change. Individual lesions are small, discrete and well demarcated. The histopathologic hallmark of FEH is acanthosis of the oral epithelium. Cells demonstrating viral cytopathic changes including koilocytes or mitosoid cells may be present. The 5-year-old female of this case visited Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University with a chief complaint of exophytic lesions on gingiva. Sessile papillary papules were detected by clinical examination on buccal gingiva at the maxillary left and right second deciduous molars. The patient did not complain of pain by palpation. An excisional biopsy was carried out for a histological examination and acanthosis was observed. The lesions were diagnosed as FEH. FEH would regress spontaneously after several months or years. Conservative excision may be performed for diagnostic or esthetic purpose. The risk of recurrence after this therapy is minimal, and there is no malignant transformation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.347-358
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the blood pressure level and their sexual maturity and physical growth in the children at puberty. For this purpose, we estimated the blood pressure, physical growth and sexual maturity of the boys of 335 and girls of 373 who are in the middle schools which are located in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Both systolic and diastolic pressure were measured twice. Such physical growth as height, body weight, skin fold thickness, waist circumference, hip circumference and arm circumference were measured. The sexual maturity was estimated according to the classification of Tanner's 5-phase-sexual-maturity : in boys, their pubic hair development phase : in girls, their pubic hair and breast development phase and the menstrual experience. In the phase of the pubic hair development, the boy's sexual maturity was distributed into this; the 1 st 56.4%, the 2nd 29.3%, the 3rd 9.9%, the 4th 4.1% and the 5th 0.3%. While the girls sexual maturity was distributed into this the 1st 20.5%, the 2nd 34.9%, the 3rd 30.6% the 4th 12.6% and the 5th 1.3% in the phase of the pubic hair development, and the 1st 0.8%, the 2nd 13.7%, the 3rd 36.2%, the 4th 18.8% and the 5th 30.5% in the phase of the breast development. This indicated that the girls sexual maturity was higher than those of the boys. The girls menstrual experience rate accounted to the 58.2%. In order to see the relationship between the children's sexual maturity and blood pressure level, we regress blood pressure level on physical growth (i.e., height, BMI) and sexual maturity. Sexual maturity in treates as dummy variables. As the resulf of this analysis, the boys' sexual maturity has nothing to do with the blood pressure either systolic or diastolic. But the girl's systolic pressure was statistically significant ; the 9% of the physical growth, the 5% of the pubic hair development and the 4% of the breast development in sexual maturity was explained. In the girls' diastolic pressure, only their pubic hair development was statistically significant ; the 7% of the physical growth and the 7% of the pubic hair development in the diastolic was explained and the 5% of the physical growth in the diastolic Korotokoff phase IV and the 2% of the pubic hair development in the diastic Korotokoff phase was explained, especially, the girls exprienced menstruation, their systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly high (P<0.01). Conclusively, in the first grade children attending middle schools who are in the early process of the sexual development, the sexual maturity was not related to blood pressure level, on the other hand, the blood pressure level of the girls who are more sexual development than those of the boys' have something to do with sexual maturity and physical growth.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.57-91
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• 2012

This paper investigates determinants of litigation success in the two distinctive types of patent litigations, ex-parte and inter-parte cases, which are brought in the process where a filed application becomes a valid patent right. We regress winning rates of patent applicants on the characteristics of firms, trials, patent lawyer, and patent itself, using a probit model with sample selections. The paper finds that the relative suit rate of a firm, time to be sued, changes of patent agents by applicants, and multiple agents among explanatory variables affect ex-parte reexamination and in-parte post-grant patent trials differently in the point of average marginal effects. These variables lower the probability of applicant's victory in the ex-parte cases, while they raise the probability in the inter-parte trials. However, the experience that agents represent applicants is a winning rate-increasing factor both in inter-parte and ex-parte reexamination, unexpectedly. This result cannot be applied to the entire domain of the variable, since sample selection effects are reflected in the result. The number of claim increases the winning probability of the applicant in the both types of patent litigations. This study has some limitations because it ignores the information on the legal person to which a patent agent belongs, and confined agent's experience to patent filing. We leave it future studies to investigate the effects of lawsuit experience of patent agent, and those of characteristics of the law firm to which individual patent lawyer is affiliated.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2019

This article analyzed economic effects of changes in spatial accessibility on regional touruism expenditure structure resulting from highway investments on Gangwon province, Korea. The Seemingly Unrelated Regress(SUR) model is applied to analyze the structure of change in tourism expenditure of Gangwon Province, and the competition and complementary relationship of tourist demand were analyzed among 18 counties in Gangwon by Dendrinos-Sonis method. The spatial accessibility has a significant effect on the increase in amount of tourist expenditure, but by 1% increase in the accessibility resulted in a reduction of length of stay -0.18% and travel costs -0.34% by respectively. The most powerful variable for improving the on-site economy is the tourist service establishment, which increases one unit, the amount of tourist expenditure increased by 3.6%. Moreover, the competition and supplemental relationship of tourism demands in Gangwon was decided by the conditions under which traffic flow with passing occurred, such as inland or ocean-typed travel attractions, adjacent or remote regions to the highway. The limitations of this study were not able to use raw data of tourism expenditures before and after the opening the highway due to the restriction of priority data, and further research on the appropriate level of spatial accessibility for the regional economy is needed.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2005

Failure of the urachus to regress completely results in anomalies that may be classified as patent urachus, urachal sinus, urachal cyst and bladder diverticula. The presenting symptoms of children with urachal anomalies are variable and uniform guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are lacking. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience and develop conclusions regarding the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of urachal anomalies. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 32 patients who were admitted for urachal anomalies from March 1995 to February 2005. The age distribution of these patients at presentation ranged from 1 day to 14 years old (median age 1 month). There were 20 boys and 12 girls. The 32 cases comprised 13 cases of urachal sinus (40.6 %), 10 urachal cyst (31.3 %), and 9 patent urchus (28.1 %). In 30 patients ultrasonography was used for diagnosis and 2 patients with patent urachus were explored without using a diagnostic method. Twenty-three patients were confirmed by ultrasonography alone and 7 patients were examined using additional modalities, namely, computed tomography for 2 patients with an urachal cyst, magnetic resonance imaging for 1 patient with an urachal cyst, and fistulography for 3 patients with an urachal sinus. The presenting symptoms were umbilical discharge (14 patients), umbilical granuloma (8), abdominal pain and fever (3), fever (3), abdominal pain (2), and a low abdominal mass (2). Excision was performed in 29 patients, and 3 patients were conservatively managed. Urachal anomalies in children most frequently presented in neonates, and the most common complaint was umbilical discharge with infection. Urachal anomalies can be diagnosed by a physical examination and an appropriate radiographic test. Ultrasound was the most useful diagnostic method. Complete surgical excision of an urachal anomaly is recommended to avoid recurrence, and the rare development of carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2005

Background: Besides its general anesthetic effect, ketamine interacts with sodium channels in a local anesthetic-like fashion, including the sharing of binding sites with those commonly used by clinical local anesthetics. This study evaluated the dose related effects of ketamine during epidural anesthesia with 0.5% ropivacaine. Methods: Sixty ASA physical status I II patients, scheduled for minor elective surgery under epidural anesthesia using 0.5% ropivacaine, were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each). The patients initially received either 0.5% ropivacaine (group 1), ketamine (0.1 mg/kg) in addition to the epidural 0.5% ropivacaine (group 2) or ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) in addition to the epidural 0.5% ropivacaine (group 3). The regression of sensory block was assessed by transcutaneous electric stimulation (TES), equivalent to a surgical incision. Motor block was assessed using the Modified Bromage's scale. Episodes of bradycardia, hypotension and sedation were also recorded. Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups in the maximal levels of sensory block or the times taken for these levels to be reached. The mean times for the block to regress to two and four segments below the maximal level were significantly prolonged by epidural ketamine. Conclusions: Epidural ketamine prolongs the duration of ropivacaine epidural anesthesia. These results suggest that ketamine has local anesthetic-like actions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.684-695
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the mechanical properties on drapability in the peach skin-like finished fabrics. For this study, the samples used were 50 kinds of peach skin-like finished fabrics. The mechanical properties such as tensile, shearing, bending, compressional, surface characteristic values, thickness and weight were measured with a KES-F system and drupe coefficient by drape tester. The relationship between the characteristic values and drape coefficicients of the peach skin-like finished fabrics results were obtained. 1. Peach skin-like finished fabric had $\pm$2o range of shearing, bending, compression, surface. properties, thickness and weight as compared with Japanese women's thin fabrics. The characteristic mixing values were better with the values of WC/T, W/T, etc. as compared with that of japanese women's thin fabrics. Accordingly, the peach skin-like finished fabrics had a little volume, excellent hanging and drapability as compared with japanese women's thin fabrics. 2. The drape coefficient of peach skin-like finished fabric had a high level of correlation between 2HB, G, WC, MIU, WT, MMD, 2HG, RT, W, B etc. of the mechanical properties. The blocked properties that contributed to the drape coefficient of peach skin-like finished fabrics were in the order of the bending> tensile> thickness> weight properties. This drape coefficients(DC) were found by measuring the mechanical properties according to the obtained regress on equate on. DC=99.0179+17.9023 log G -17.0543 log 2HG5+17.2104 log 2HG+35.7685 log 2HB+ 4.6082 log B-30.5906 log T+4.2308 log W 3. The contribution to the drape coefficient of the characteristic mixing values of peach skin-like finished fabric was in the order of > 2HB/W> 2HB/B> B/W The drape coefficients were found by measuring the characteristic mixing values according to the obtained regression equation. 4. The drape coefficients of peach skin-like finished fabrics were influenced by the differences between the bending of warp direction, bending of weft direction, shearing etc which in turn determine the level of hanging. The regression equation was as follows; 5. The drape coefficients of peach skin.like finished fabrics had a highly positive correlation with the node index. It has an negative correlation with number of nodes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.767-776
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• 2014

This study estimated productivity change and RTS using Parametric and Non-Parametric approach with 5 year annual data from 2006 to 2010 of 20 public general hospitals in Vietnam collected from Ho Chi Min City Health Department of Health Database. The results could be summarized as follows; First, by the Non-Parametric approach. cumulated productivity growth of 5 years was increased by 2.8% due to regress 5.2% of technical efficiency, 0.3% of pure technical efficiency, but scale efficiency was decreased 5.1% Second, by the Non-Parametric approach, cumulated productivity growth was decreased by 12.8% to due to drop of 17.1% of technical change, 9.1% of scale efficiency. In conclusion, the common result of both approaches was that scale inefficiencies occurs in public hospitals in Vietnam, and they affected productivity change of public hospitals in Vietnam. Namely, 70% to 80% of the analyzed Vietnam public hospitals were at the status of DRS(decreased returns to scale), which suggested that they had oversupply beds relative to the number of occupied patients, it was meaningful that this study was the first study in Korea to measure efficiency and productivity change of Vietnamese public general hospitals and so it could be utilized as the basic information needed to enter hospital industry of Vietnam in the future.