• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 동북아시아 NOAA AVHRR 위성관측 16년간(1990-2005) 해양표면 수온영상을 이용하여 에러 값 제거와 결측 자료 보완을 위하여 마르코프 계수를 결정하였고, 이 값에서 현재 수온평년 값을 더하여 구름 없는 해양표면수온 생성 기법을 제시하였다. 마르코프 연쇄 모델의 결과에 의하면, 마르코프 계수는 해류가 강한 쿠로시오 해역 등이 해류가 약한 동해 북서부의 대부분 해역과 동중국해보다 그 계수가 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 평균 수온의 변동은 봄과 가을이 겨울과 여름에 비하여 분산이 크게 나타났고, 계절별 일간 수온 차이도 수온의 계절적 변동이 큰 봄과 가을이 여름과 겨울에 비하여 큰 지역적인 차이를 보였다. 그 지역적인 분포는 봄과 가을의 경우 전 해역의 대륙 인접부에서 대부분 크게 나타났고, 동해 극전선 남부해역과 쿠로시오해역에서는 난류에 의한 열수송으로 일간 수온의 차이가 작았다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.615-617
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• 2003

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the important trace gases because its concentration in the troposphere directly influences the concentrations of tropospheric hydroxyl (OH), which controls the lifetimes of tropospheric trace gases. CO traces the transport of global and regional pollutants from industrial activities and large scale biomass burning. The distributions of CO were analyzed using the MOPITT data for East Asia, which were compared with the ozone distributions. In general, seasonal CO variations are characterized by a peak in the spring, which decrease in the summer. The monthly average for CO shows a similar profile to that for O$_3$. This fact clearly indicates that the high concentration of CO in the spring is possibly due to one of two causes: the photochemical production of CO in the troposphere, or the transport of the CO into East Asia. The seasonal cycles for CO and O$_3$ in East Asia are extensively influenced by the seasonal exchanges of different air mass types due to the Asian monsoon. The continental air masses contain high concentrations of O$_3$ and CO, due to the higher continental background concentrations, and sometimes to the contribution from regional pollution. In summer this transport pattern is reversed, where the Pacific marine air masses that prevail over Korea bring low concentrations of CO and O$_3$, which tend to give the apparent summer minimums.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2019

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 were measured with Sunset Laboratory Model-5 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Field Analyzer by NIOSH/TOT method at Anmyeondo Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Regional Station (37°32'N, 127°19'E) in July and August, 2017. The mean values of OC and EC were 3.7 ㎍ m^-3 and 0.7 ㎍ m^-3, respectively. During the study period, the concentrations of reactive gases and aerosol compositions were evidently lower than those of other seasons. It is mostly due to meteorological setting of the northeast Asia, where the influence of continental outflow is at its minimum during this season under southwesterly wind. While the diurnal variation of OC and EC were not clear, the concentrations of O₃, CO, NOx, EC, and OC were evidently enhanced under easterly wind at night from 20:00 to 8:00. However, the high concentration of EC was observed concurrently with CO and NOx under northerly wind during 20:00~24:00. It indicates the influence of thermal power plant and industrial facilities, which was recognized as a major emission source during KORUS-AQ campaign. The diurnal variations of pollutants clearly showed the influence of land-sea breeze, in which OC showed good correlation between EC and O₃ in seabreeze. It is estimated to be the recirculation of pollutants in land-sea breeze cycle. This study suggests that in general, Anmyeondo station serves well as a background monitoring station. However, the variation in meteorological condition is so dynamic that it is primary factor to determine the concentrations of secondary species as well as primary pollutants at Anmyeondo station.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.479-496
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• 2004

본 연구는 이집트의 농업발달을 사회 및 정치적인 변화와 관련하여 고찰하고, 오늘날 농업의 공간적 분포를 주요 작물 및 지역별로 설명하고자 하였다. 또한 이 지역에서 농업용 토지개발의 과정과 영농의 주체를 살펴보았다. 이집트 농업은 국제무역 관계에서 발전하였고, 특히 목화 및 사탕수수와 같은 작물은 국가의 전략적 작물로서 보호 및 관리되었다. 토지소유와 같은 문제는 주요 시대별 정치환경에 의해서 뚜렷이 대조가 되지만, 전략적 작물에 대한 국가의 관리는 어느 정도의 차이는 있으나 비교적 일관되게 유지되었다. 1990년대 이후 국가 경제의 자유화 정책과 맞물려 농업에서도 그 영향이 반영되어 작물의 경작과 토지 개간 사업의 개방에 뚜렷이 나타나고 있다. 농업의 공간적 및 영농의 성격은 델타, 중 이집트 및 상 이집트(Middle and Upper Egypt), 사막지역으로 나누어 파악하였다. 아울러 1950년대 이후 이집트의 경제 및 사회문제를 해결하기 위한 국가적 사업인 토지 개간의 발전과 개간된 토지에 대한 영농 주체의 성격을 고찰하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.186-198
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• 2013

The present work is an attempt to improve the performance of a regional air quality model by means of liking it with a global chemistry transport model. The global chemical transport model of GEOS-Chem is used to provide BC (Boundary Condition)s which reflect temporal and spatial variations at boundaries of regional chemical transport model of CMAQ over East Asia. First, GEOS-Chem outputs are evaluated by comparing predicted concentrations with observed monthly data of gas phase species and secondary inorganic aerosols from EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia) sites. The results show that predicted PM10 concentrations are in good agreement with the observations. This implies that GEOS-Chem outputs could be used to provide BCs to CMAQ. Simulated daily and monthly mean PM10 concentrations of CMAQ with the linkage of GEOS-Chem's BCs and constant BCs are then evaluated by comparing predicted concentrations with observations at API (Air Pollution Index) sites in China as well as EANET sites in Korea. CMAQ with the GEOS-Chem outputs improves model simulation in depicting observed PM10 concentrations comparing with those with constant BCs. It is also found that influence of aerosol species are largely dependent on the BCs over East Asia and Korea. Mean biases between simulated versus observed daily and monthly mean concentrations of PM10 with the GEOS-chem were improved by 1~8 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in China region, 3.26 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1968

Changes in gastrointestinal tissue blood volume induced by variations of venous pressure between 6 and 40 mmHg were studied in 32 rabbits. Venous pressure lowering was produced by withdrawal of appropriate volume of blood and venous pressure elevation was obtained by partial occlusion of intra-thoracic vena cava inferior. Estimation of regional tissue blood volume was performed by means of regional distribution of injected $Cr^{51}-labeled$ red blood cells. The following results were obtained. 1. At the normal control venous pressure value of 18 mmHg, spleen showed the highest value of tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis, namely, $111{\mu}l/gm$, Liver tissue blood volume was $95\;{\mu}l/gm$, small intestine 24 and stomach $21\;{\mu}l/gm$, respectively. 2. Linear relationships were observed between venous pressure change and gastrointestinal tissue blood volume. The coefficients of correlation were: in spleen r=0.723; in liver r=0.791; in stomach r=0.704, respectively. In small intestine the relationship was less clear and r=0.358. Tissue blood volume of extrabdominal tissue, such as M. gastrocnemius was not influenced by venous pressure change. 3. The highest change in tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis was observed in spleen. The liver tissue showed the next highest change. Change in total tissue blood volume, however, was greatest in liver and next greatest in small intestine. This was interpreted by the fact that total weight of these two organs was much greater than that of spleen. 4. The mechanism that the change in tissue blood volume lies in the venous system which has a great compliance was discussed.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2012

Due to the oil spill incident in December 2007, every facility of oyster culture was removed in western coast especially in Taean and Seosan. To restore oyster resources in Taean and Seosan, we brought oyster seeds from southern area and monitored their growth. In addition we monitored the culture environment throughout the year, and observed the number of oyster larvae and attached spats on collectors during summer. The factors of water environment were appropriate for oyster culture in both study area. The growth of shell height was larger in Uihang-ri, Taean than Jungwang-ri, Seosan. Spawning was more intensive in a short time in Jungwang-ri, Seosan than Uihang-ri, Taean. The number of oyster larvae and spats of collectors were much more in Jungwang-ri, Seosan than Uihang-ri, Taean. This study showed that transplantation of healthy oyster seeds from southern area can be a way of restoration of oyster resources in western coast. In addition, systematic approaches are necessary by building a better understanding of regional characteristics to restore and enlarge the oyster culture farms in western coast. In summary Uihang-ri, Taean will be appropriate for cultivation farms and Jungwang-ri, Seosan for seedling grounds to increase oyster culture productivity.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.28-41
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• 2018

Purpose: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of mental health institutions in Ganwon-Do using Geographic Information System and to suggest policy implications. Methodology: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility of mental health institutions in Gangwon-Do. To perform the network analysis, network data set was built using administrative district map, road network, address of mental health institutions in Gangwon-Do. After building network data set, Two network analysis methods, 1) Service area analysis, 2) Origin Destination cost matrix were applied. Service area analysis calculated accessive areas that were within specified time. And using Origin Destination cost matrix, travel time and road travel distance were calculated between centroids of Eup, Myeon, Dong and the nearest mental health institutions. Result: After the service area analysis, it is estimated that 19.63% of the total areas in Gangwon-Do takes more than 60 minutes to get to clinic institutions. For hospital institutions, 23.08% of the total areas takes more than 60 minutes to get there. And 59.96% of Gangwon-do takes more than 30 minutes to get to general hospitals. The result of Origin-Destination cost matrix showed that most Eup Myeon Dong in Gangwon-Do was connected to the institutions in Wonju-si, Chuncheon-si, Gangneung-si. And it showed that there were large regional variation in time and distance to reach the institutions. Implication: Results showed that there were regional variations of spatial accessibility to the mental health institutions in Gangwon-Do. To solve this problem, Several policy interventions could be applied such as mental health resources allocation plan, telemedicine, providing more closely coordinated services between mental health institutions and community mental health centers to enhance the accessibility.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 1996

Analysis of hourly variations of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) concentrations affected by regional climates for the period of yellow sandy dusts was carried out from March 31 through April 9, 1993. The concentration of 50, at a coastal city, Kangnung city, was much higher than that at an inland city Wonju in the west, but the hourly distrbutions of $SO_2$ concentrations show a similar tendency at both cities. Under the prevailing synoptic-scale westerly winds blowing over a high Mt. Taegualyang in the west toward Kangnung city in the eastern coastal region, the $SO_2$ at Kangnung is trapped by an easterly sea-breeze during the day and under prevailing easterly winds, it is also isolated by the high wall of Mt. Taegualyang, with its high concentration from 14 to 16 LST. Furthermore, when the westerly winds were dominent all day long the high $SO_2$ concentrations at Kangnung were produced by its intrusion from a urban city, Wonju or China in the west into a mountainous coastal city, Kangnung, to some extent, and when the air becomes rapidly cooled down at the clear daytime or the nighttime, their concentrations are also increased by a great amount of heating fuel combustion. Especilly, its maximum concentrations were shown in Wonju and Kangnung from 08 LST through 10 LST, due to the increase of auto vehicles near the beginning time of office hour and were detected again after sunset due to both increases of vehicles at the end of office hour and heating fuel combustion. During the period of Yellow Sandy Dusts which are transported from China into Korea, the $SO_2$ concentrations on rainy days at Wonju and Kangnung were much lower than the monthly mean values of $SO_2$, and their low concentrations could be caused by the scavenging process of rain.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.372-383
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 관상동맥중재술 입원 환자의 재원일수의 변이를 규명하기 위해 중증도 보정 모형을 개발하였다. 2004~2006년 퇴원손상환자 조사자료 중 관상동맥중재술 입원 환자 1,011건을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 재원일수의 변이분석은 t검정, 분산분석을 실시하였고, 중증도 보정 재원일수 모형은 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하였다. 개발된 다중회귀분석 모형을 이용하여 예측 재원일수를 산출하고 이를 실제 재원일수와 비교한 결과 병상규모별, 보험유형과 지역별로 재원일수의 변이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 환자 특성과 중증도를 통제하고 나타난 재원일수의 변이는 공급자 요인으로 설명될 수 있는데, 진료행태나 의료자원에 대한 후속 연구가 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 행정 데이터를 이용하여 중증도 모형을 개발하고 변이를 확인하였다는 점에서 활용의 효용성을 높이는 데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.