• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

It has been known that Golf course could impose negative impacts on water-ecosystem if pollutant-laden runoff is not treated well. It is important to control non-point source and re-use treated wastewater from the golf course to secure water quality of receiving waterbodies. At golf courses, the rainfall-runoff is affected by various practices to manage grasses. In many hydrological modelings, especially in simple rainfall-runoff modeling, effects on runoff of plant growth and cutting are not considered. In the study, the water erosion prediction project (WEPP), capable of simulating plant growth and various management, was evaluated for its runoff prediction from golf course under grass cutting and irrigation. The %Difference, $R^2$ and the NSE for runoff comparisons were 1.15%, 0.93 and 0.92 for calibration, and 18.12%, 0.82 and 0.88 for validation period, respectively. In grass cutting scenario, grass height was managed to be 18~25 mm. The estimated runoff was decreased by 27%. The difference in estimated total runoff was 11.8% depending on irrigation. As shown in this study, if grass management and irrigation are well-controlled, water quality of downstream areas could be obtained.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3253-3260
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• 2014

Background: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits, smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India. Materials and Methods: We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women in Mizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Exposure of cooking oil fumes (p<0.003), wood as heating source for cooking (p=0.004), kitchen inside living room (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers of tobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (p<0.001) and GSTM1 null genotype (p=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer among women in Mizoram. Significantly protective effect was observed for intake of bamboo shoots (p=<0.001) and egg (p<0.001). A clear increase in dose response gradient was observed for total cooking dish years. Risk for lung cancer tends to increase with collegial effect of indoor environmental sources (p=0.022). Significant correlation was also observed for interaction of GST polymorphisms with some of dietary habits. Conclusions: We confirmed the important role of exposure of cooking oil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkali preparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer among Women in Mizoram.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.713-726
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• 2004

본 연구는 대구지역 벤처기업을 사례로 이들의 혁신활동과 비공식적 네트워크의 실태와 그 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 지역 벤처기업의 혁신을 위한 지식 및 정보의 원천은 기업내부가 가장 중요하고 다음이 고객기업과 경쟁기업, 중앙정부와 정부산하기관으로 나타났다. 그리고 대체로 1-5개 정도의 비공식 네트워크 조직에 참여하고 있다. 그 중에서 비공식 네트워크를 통해 얻는 정보의 유형은 기술정보가 가장 많고, 다음으로 새로운 사업기회와 관련된 정보, 마케팅 등 고객관련 정보이다. 비공식 네트워크에 참여하는 주된 이유는 새로 정보 입수, 공동 프로젝트, 제휴 등 새로운 사업기회의 모색이었다. 특히 지역벤처기업의 비공식 네트워크는 혁신을 통한 직접적인 이익창출 뿐만 아니라 지역내 혁신주체와의 신뢰관계 구축을 통한 사회자본 창출 및 축적에도 중요한 의미를 가진다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2017

The altitudinal potential source contribution function (PSCFa) method was developed by considering topography and height of back trajectories. The PSCFa calculated on the contributions of trans-boundary transport to the hourly mean concentrations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) in the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON) KORea-US Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign from March 31 to July 1 in 2016. Eastern China ($33^{\circ}N{\sim}35^{\circ}N$ and $119^{\circ}E{\sim}121^{\circ}E$) can be the major source of trans-boundary pollution to the western area in South Korea resulted from PSCFa (0~700 m). In this study, AOD by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was compared to verify the source regions. Regionally, the effects of the long-range transport of pollutants from the eastern China on air quality in south Korea have become more significant over this period.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.1-23
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• 2001

국내 유통시장의 개방에 따른 유통산업구조의 변화는 창원시의 유통산업에도 커다란 영 향을 미치고 있다. 특히 탑마트, 아람마트 등의 할인점에 이어 최근에 개장한 대형 유통매 장인 홈플러스의 입점과 12월 개점 예정인 룻데 마그넷은 기존의 일반 재래시장의 상권을 상당히 잠식하여 창원시의 재래시장은 저가판매라는 고유의 장점을 상실해 가고 있으며, 또한 전근대적인 유통활동, 영세성, 비효율적 경영, 조직화 협업화 부족, 시설의 낙후성 등 으로 경쟁력을 상실해 가고 있다. 이 같은 재래시장의 침체와 위축은 지역 영세상인의 생계문제와 창원시의 경제에까지 영향을 미칠 것이다. 이와 같은 배경에서 본 연구는 창원시 재래시장의 실태분석을 통해 문제점을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 방법은 문헌연구와 실태조사를 통하여 문제점을 제시하기로 한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.25-53
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• 2001

경제위기가 계속됨에 따라 지역경제의 두 축인 유통산업과 건설업이 큰 위축을 받고 있다. 재래시장의 활성화를 위한 정책방안이 수립되었지만 뚜렷한 해법보다는 오히려 재래시 장의 재건축에 중점을 두고 있는 듯하다. 재래시장은 실업을 완화하는 사회안전망이자 지역경제의 활력원이다. 시설의 현대화, 업 종의 전문화 등을 통해 대형유통업과 유사한 형태로 조성한다는 것은 어쩔 수 없는 방편이 지만 재래시장 본연의 기능을 없애는 일일 수 있다. 따라서 재래시장의 활성화 방안은 지 역별, 시장별로 특징을 살리고 지역문화와 산업은 물론 소비자성향까지도 고려하여 차별화 하는 전략이 중요하다. 본 연구는 창원지역의 재래시장(중소상가)이 안고 있는 문제점과 특성을 파악하고 향후 경쟁력을 강게 하기 위한 방안과 이를 위한 행정적 재정적 지원과 제도적 정비 방안을 강구해 보는데 있다.

• 대기
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

Due to several difficulties, a number of Automatic Weather Systems (AWS) operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) are located on the rooftop so that the forming of standard observation environment to obtain the accuracy is needed. Therefore, the air temperature of AWSs on the synthetic lawn and the concrete of the rooftop is compared with the standard observation temperature. The hourly mean temperature is obtained by monthly and hourly mean value and the difference of temperature is calculated according to the location, the weather phenomenon, and cloud amount. The maximum and the minimum temperatures are compared by the conditions, such as cloud amount, the existence of precipitation or not. Consequently, the temperature on the synthetic lawn is higher than it on the concrete so that it is difficult to obtain same effect from ASOS, on the contrary the installation of AWS on the synthetic lawn seem to be inadequate due to heat or cold source of the building.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

To find characteristics and areas of greater risk of oil spill at the coastal waters in Korea, some of risk factors were analyzed with historical data of oil spill and marine traffic. As a result, it is characterized that frequency of oil spill is increasing year by year and greatest percentage of spill source is fishing boat. It is proposed that the ports of Ulsan, Yeosu, Incheon and Pusan will be designated as primary area of risk as they have a higher risk of oil spills and its response authority is required to maintain appropriate regional response capability for prompt and effective response to a future spill incident. In addition, the regional response equipments at Ulsan are examined under a assumption of a medium size spill and it is found that the use of chemical dispersant can be an alternative when mechanical containment and recovery is not feasible in this area, and the existing response equipments may be appropriate to address that size of spill. However, the response authority is required to maintain more numbers of stronger boom for unsheltered waters and more quantity of concentrate dispersant to disperse all spilled oils on the water, furthermore the response authority should be prepared for a possible future catastrophic spill with sufficient equipments.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1525-1540
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• 2015

In order to clarify the contribution rate of PM concentration due to regional emission distribution, Brute force analysis were carried out using numerical estimated PM data from WRF-CMAQ. The emission from Kyeongki region including Seoul metropolitan is the largest contribution of PM concentration than that from other regions except for emission of trans-country and source itself. Contribution rate of self emission is also the largest at Kyeongki region and its rate reach on over 95 %. And the rate at Gangwon region also higher than any region due to synoptic wind pattern. Due to synoptic wind direction at high PM episode, pollutants at downwind area along from west to east and from north to south tends to mix intensively and its composition is also complicated. Although the uncertainty of initial concentration of PM, the contribution of regional PM concentration tend to depend on the meteorological condition including intensity of synoptic and mesoscale wind and PM emission pattern over upwind region.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.646-655
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• 2011

This study aimed at quantifying the impact of the reinforced standard for envelope insulation on heating and cooling energy consumption in a Korean detached house as well as at identifying the effect of regionally subdivided standards. For them, a series of simulations for application of the reinforced standard on respective walls, roof, floor, windows, and all envelopes were computationally conducted for a prototypical detached residential building. In addition, the subdivided standards were applied to each regions-central and southern regions, and the Jeju island. Analysis revealed that heat transfer through envelopes was the most significant source of building heat gain and loss; the reinforced standard effectively reduced heating energy consumptions, especially in central region; and the subdivided standards did not presented a clear difference in the amount of energy consumption for the southern region and the Jeju island, thus, a further study is required to investigate the necessity of regional subdivisions.