• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.133-153
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• 2013

This study was to estimate the economic value of Gaecheon Arts Festival in Jinju, Korea. To measure the value of the festival, improved travel cost measurement that applied new weight concept from the Travel Cost Measurement(TCM) proposed by Peares(1972) was used. The total value was evaluated to approximately 2,270.057 billion KRW. The result showed that travel cost items affecting on economic value of the festival were transportation, food and beverage, shopping, accommodation, amusement and entrance fee in order. The effect of accommodation due to the visitors' surplus was small, due to day trip participation trend??. Because accommodation, shopping and entrance fee, therefore, directly affect the regional economy, it is necessary for festival planning party to develop the program for tourist accommodation and so forth. Finally, this study will contribute to the development of local festivals through the more objective, clear comparison and measurement of economic value between local festivals using improved travel cost estimation method.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2019

Recently as development of internet, Service based on World Wide Web is rapidly growing. According to this, Importance for suitability of web service is emphasized by increased user with development of technique of web service. Geospatial information field included with River Geospatial information(HydroG-OneFlow) has been doing that many study about web service which center of IT, However study about test of web service is lacking of situation. Accordingly, verification should be carried out to determine the performance of Web services with the Web services implementation HydroG-OneFlow. Performance & stability test are verified that HydroG-OneFlow for Apache Jmeter of open source and conformability & interoperability test are verified for StyleCop. Result of performance is that if users are increase the number of 500, average responses time is about two seconds. and Result of reliability is that if users are increase the number of 500, decrease about 0.2%. it is verified that conformability and interoperability test to swelled about reliability of HydroG-OneFlow. Through that It will be compensate for the implementation of seb service and vulnerability of HydroG-OneFlow.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.7-29
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of specialized services, user experience, and the overall satisfaction for the specialized library users, and based on the ISA method, compare the specialized theme data, specialized service place, specialized program, specialized theme area facilities and environment, and derive issues of the specialized library operation and improvement measures. Consequently, first, when selecting the theme of the specialized library, the theme ought to be selected to reflect the regional characteristics, history and demographics of the library, and the demand survey of the local residents and library users would need to be considered. Second, when planning the specialized program, the specialized library ought to consider operating differentiated programs based on the program operator who has the expertise to improve the quality of the program. Furthermore, sufficient theme related books and space must be secured, and moreover, the program must be planned in connection with the book collection. Third, the specialized library should be so structured as to ensure that the space may serve specialized themes provided by the library in order to provide specialized collections, services, and information services for the users. In addition, reflecting the needs of the users in designing the space must be considered.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.212-223
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• 2012

Pigments used paintings, ornaments, weapons and various objects have been recognised as important elements to ascertain the history, manufacturing technique and cultural migration. Since the understanding of composition of pigments by analysis began in 1963, its technique and methodology has much advanced in recent years; recent study used the portable X-ray Fluorescence as non-destructive analysis has been practiced in particular. However the study on pigments necessitates overall and systematic research because it is difficult to understand periodical and regional use of pigments. by fractional studies. Therefore this research investigates the coloring materials and painting techniques of the scroll painting depicting preaching scene of Sakyamuni Buddha in Daeungjeon Hall, a main hall of Bulguk temple, through scientific analysis and comparison of various pigments which had been applied to the buddhist paintings of Joseon Dynasty. Consequently, it is confirmed that the scroll painting used pigments of white lead[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] for ground layer and used mixture of different pigments such as cinnabar (HgS) minium($Pb_3O_4$) malachite($2CuO{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}H_2O$) hematite($Fe_2O_3$) gold(Ag) for presenting various colors on the painting layer. It has been also believed that mineral pigments were applied to the scroll painting, yet it is difficult to confirm whether it is natural or synthetic pigments because the crystal structures of pigments were not analyzed. The results of this study, however, provide useful reference data for the understanding of the components of pigments and manufacturing techniques of buddhist scroll paintings, in particular, of Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the supporting scenario to promote vocational training in North Korea in terms of cooperation level. To this end, we have embarked on a regional and industry based vocational training program by predicting the political and social situation of North Korea and staging three scenarios systematically. These scenarios were designed originally based on the Futures Group methodology. The first scenario is to establish a technical training center in one area, focusing on the electrical, electronics, and clothing sectors. The second scenario is to set up a pilot campus of vocational training college in one region by selecting the electric, electronic, and automobile industries as its main industries. The third scenario is to establish five vocational training college campuses in North Korea, focusing on electricity and electronics, IT manufacturing, telecommunications, heavy industry, and women-specialized industries. We suggested the followings: First, establishing goals and strategies for North Korean vocational training and establishing road maps. Second, the North Korean vocational training governance system needs to be established. Third, R & D infrastructure for vocational training needs to be established. Fourth, HRD and HRM system in North Korea vocational training field needs to be established. In addition, the role of public and private employment services centers to provide them should be strengthening.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-92
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• 2013

In May 2010, Indonesia and Norway signed a Letter of Intent on "Cooperation on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD)." In the LoI, Norway agreed to offer Indonesia a sum of USD 1 billion with a view to encourage Indonesia to significantly contribute to the successful implementation of REDD+. On 20 May 2011, correspondingly, Indonesia announced the 2011 'Forest Moratorium' (the Presidential Instruction No. 10/2011) which was valid for the following consecutive two years. By means of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia aimed at significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, forest degradation and peatland conversion. In so doing, it also sought to improve forest governance. Meanwhile, concerned stakeholders also raised various questions about the effectiveness of the 'Forest Moratorium'. As an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia announced the 2013 'Forest Moratorium'(the Presidential Instruction No. 6/2013) for another two-year period on 13 May 2013. Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' is concerned with stakeholders at various levels, who may play a role of significant 'agent' in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium'. This mechanism of the 'Forest Moratorium' should be understood in the light of forest governance. Employing stakeholder approach, therefore, this article attempts to analyze Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' in the light of forest governance. In this regard, it analyzes the detailed contents of the 'Forest Moratorium', the process of making the 'Forest Moratorium', current development of the Indicative Moratorium Map for suspension of new concessions on forest land, and contesting views of various stakeholders. At the same time, it also talks about how 'weak' forest governance had influence upon Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium'. In so doing, this article consequently attempts to evaluate Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' and also put it into perspective in terms of improving forest governance. The 2013 'Forest Moratorium' fundamentally represents a radical policy that is designed to suspend new concessions on forest conversion for another two-year period and its detailed contents attempt to reflect on various stakeholders from related industries and environmental NGOs. However, there are challenging factors in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium', that is, 'weak' forest governance and also a discrepancy between forest planning maps designated by central and regional governments. The announcement of the 2013 'Forest Moratorium', as an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', may functionally strengthen and improve Indonesia's forest governance. However, at the same time, there is a practical limit due to the fact that it is merely a Presidential Instruction that lacks legal binding.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.955-968
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• 2021

A water resource plan is routinely based on a natural flow and can be estimated using observed streamflow data or a long-term continuous rainfall-runoff model. However, the watershed with the natural flow is very limited to the upstream area of the dam. In particular, for the ungauged watershed, a rainfall-runoff model is established for the gauged watershed, and the model is then applied to the ungauged watershed by transferring the associated parameters. In this study, the GR4J rainfall-runoff model is mainly used to regionalize the parameters that are estimated from the 14 dam watershed via an optimization process. In terms of optimizing the parameters, the Bayesian approach was applied to consider the uncertainty of parameters quantitatively, and a number of parameter samples obtained from the posterior distribution were used for the regionalization. Here, the relationship between the estimated parameters and the topographical factors was first identified, and the dependencies between them are effectively modeled by a Copula function approach to obtain the regionalized parameters. The predicted streamflow with the use of regionalized parameters showed a good agreement with that of the observed with a correlation of about 0.8. It was found that the proposed regionalized framework is able to effectively simulate streamflow for the ungauged watersheds by the use of the regionalized parameters, along with the associated uncertainty, informed by the basin characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1183-1193
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• 2021

Low flow affects various fields such as river water supply management and planning, and irrigation water. A sufficient period of flow data is required to calculate the Flow Duration Curve. However, in order to calculate the Flow Duration Curve, it is essential to secure flow data for more than 30 years. However, in the case of rivers below the national river unit, there is no long-term flow data or there are observed data missing for a certain period in the middle, so there is a limit to calculating the Flow Duration Curve for each river. In the past, statistical-based methods such as Multiple Regression Analysis and ARIMA models were used to predict sulfur in the unmeasured watershed, but recently, the demand for machine learning and deep learning models is increasing. Therefore, in this study, we present the DNN technique, which is a machine learning technique that fits the latest paradigm. The DNN technique is a method that compensates for the shortcomings of the ANN technique, such as difficult to find optimal parameter values in the learning process and slow learning time. Therefore, in this study, the Flow Duration Curve applicable to the unmeasured watershed is calculated using the DNN model. First, the factors affecting the Flow Duration Curve were collected and statistically significant variables were selected through multicollinearity analysis between the factors, and input data were built into the machine learning model. The effectiveness of machine learning techniques was reviewed through statistical verification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the ecological characteristics of Namhan Mountain Fortress Walls vascular plants through investigation and analysis of Namhan Mountain Fortress Walls and to provide basic data when establishing a plan for conservation and management of Namhansanseong Fortress Wall vascular plants. The result of this survey revealed 249 taxa composed of 77 families, 169 genera, 222 species, 5 subspecies, 19 varieties and 3 forms. In terms of life form of Namhan Mountain Fortress Walls, the appearance rate of Hemicryptophytes(H) was high. Rare plants was 1 taxa and Korea endemic plants was 5 taxa. The total number of floristic regional indicator plants was 15 taxa, gradeI 9 taxa, gradeII 2 taxa, gradeIII 3 taxa, gradeIV 1 taxa. Among them, Polygala tatarinowii Regel is considered to the most important(gradeIV), and it is first description because in Gyeonggi-do, as no additional forms have been confirmed other than this site. Plants identified as rock vegetation were found in 21 taxa. Invasive alien plants were identified 20 taxa. Plants distributed on the walls of Namhan Mountain Fortress, such as Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai, Clematis heracleifolia DC. var. tubulosa (Turcz.) Kuntze, Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba and Polygala tatarinowii Regel etc, are feared to decrease the number of species and individuals due to the loss of walls, the spread of invasive alien plant and human interference, so conservation and management measures are needed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-89
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• 2020

Nowadays, urban townhouses are being developed in various forms according to the characteristics of different regions in consideration of the trends of the housing market. Misperceiving the needs of consumers or their characteristics as a house for living, however, they often end up becoming products that are not suitable for urban life or degraded on account of reckless regional development. It is so unfortunate that such trial and error keeps being repeated. Urban townhouses are advantageous because there is no such problem as either invasion of privacy or noise from neighbors, and it is possible to have one's own garden and enlarged parking space, obtain quality of grounding, and plan unique interior and exterior design. They are also equipped with the strengths of apartment houses as well, for example, the efficiency of joint control in crime and disaster prevention or security, architecture of diaphragm walls with the separation of gates, or the planning of common space like a central square or park. Therefore, there is a great chance that they can be developed as the types of urban housing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to establish the basic direction of developing housing products right as space for urban life and maximize the roles of urban townhouses. By understanding their spatial as well as functional elements as a house for living, this author aims to provide a guideline for housing product development to realize urban townhouses that can meet consumer needs.