• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1999

Objectives. The Study of Small Area Variation(SAV) is most interesting issue in the health care researches. Most studies of SAV have been concluded the existences of variation on the basis of the magnitude of variation without statistical testing. But it is difficult to explain the existence of variation with this way because variation indicies are easily influenced by several parameters and also their distribution are skewed. So, it needs for the study to investigate the distribution of these indices and develop the statistical testing model. Methods. This study was planned to analyze on the distribution of variation indices such as Extremal Quotient(EQ), Coefficient of Variation(CV), Systematic Component of Variation(SCV) and compare the statistical power among indicies. The simulations was performed on the basis of several assumptions and compared to the empirical data. Results. Main findings can be summarized as follows. 1. If other conditions are constant, the more number of regions, the larger 95 percentile of EQ. But under same situation, 95 percentile of CV and SCV were slightly decreased. 2. If the size of regional population or utilization rate were increased, 95 percentile of all statistics were decreased. Also in the cases of small population size and low utilization rate, 95 percentiles of EQ showed various change contrast to the little change of CV. 3. If the difference at the size of regional population were increased, 95 percentiles of EQ and SCV were increased contrast to the little different of CV. 4. If the utilization rate were increased, 95 percentiles of all indicies were increased. But under the same difference of utilization rate, the power of CV and SCV were increased comparing to no change of the power of EQ. 5. Usually the power of EQ were lower than that of CV or SCV and it is similar between CV and SCV. Conclusions. Therefore, we suggest that in selecting the variation indicies at the SAV, CV or SCV are superior than EQ in terms of significance level and power.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2008

Analyzing the results of East Sea Regional Ocean Model using a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme, we investigated spatial and temporal variability of the North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in the East Sea. The climatological monthly mean transport of the NKCC clearly shows seasonal variation of the NKCC within the range of about 0.35 Sv ($=0^6m^3/s$), which increases from its minimum (about 0.45 Sv) through December-January to March, decreases during March and May, and then increases again to the maximum (about 0.8 Sv) in August-September. The volume transport of the NKCC shows interannual variation of the NKCC with the range of about 1.0 Sv that is larger than seasonal variation. The southward current of the NKCC appears often not only in summer but in winter as well. The width of the NKCC is about 35 km near the Korean coast and its core is located under the East Korea Warm Current. The North Korean Cold Water (NKCW), characterized by low salinity and low temperature, is located both under the Tsushima Warm Water and in the western side of the maximum southward current of the NKCC that means the NKCC advects the NKCW southward along the Korean coast. It is revealed that the intermediate low salinity water, formed off the Vladivostok in winter, flows southward to the south of $37^{\circ}N$ through $2{\sim}3$ paths; one path along the Korean coast, another one along $132^{\circ}E$, and the middle path along $130^{\circ}E$. The path of the intermediate low salinity varies with years. The reanalysis fields suggest that the NKCW is advected through the paths along the Korean coast and along $130^{\circ}E$.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1993년도 학술논문발표회 논문집 제12권 1호
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• pp.109-112
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• 1993

In this paper, we propose the modified VQ, applied correlation between codewords in order to reduce the error rate due to personal and speakers' temporal variation. Such a modified VQ is used in the stage of preprocessing of HMM and the temporal variation is absorbed by nonlinear Decimation and Interpolation of vowel part that we obtain higher recognition rate than not so case. The objects of experiment are Korea 142 DDD regional names and we show that the proposed method increase the recognition rate.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2020

Background: Unmet healthcare needs have many advantages for measuring inequalities in healthcare use. However, the existing indicator is difficult to capture the reality of unmet healthcare needs sufficiently and is not quite appropriate in comparing regional inequality. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the utilization of the unmet healthcare need indicator for regional healthcare inequalities research. Methods: We used the level of healthcare accessibility and healthcare need to categorize the regions that are known to cause differences in healthcare utilization between regions and verified how existing unmet healthcare need indicator is distributed at the regional level. Results: Four types of regions were classified according to the high and low levels of healthcare needs and accessibility. The hypothesis about the regional type expected to have the highest unmet healthcare need was not proved. The hypothesis about the lowest expected regional type was proved, but the difference in the average rate of unmet healthcare needs among regional types was not significant. The standard deviation of the rate of unmet healthcare needs among regions within the same type was also higher than the overall regional variation, which also disproved the whole frame of hypothesis. Conclusion: Failure to prove the hypothesis means the gap between the supposed meaning of the indicator and the reality. In order to understand the current state of healthcare utilization of people in various regions of Korea and to resolve inequality, fundamental research on the in-depth structure and mechanisms of healthcare utilization is needed.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 염습지 해안 복원의 주요 식물인 갈대와 내건성 대표 식물인 억새의 지역별 유전자형 분석을 통해 지역별 복원종자 적용에 대한 타당성을 검증고자 하는 연구로서, SNP를 활용한 근연관계 분석 결과 억새는 홍성군 집단이 다른 지역과 상이한 유전적 변이를 보인 반면, 갈대는 모든 지역에서 동시다발적인 변이양상이 나타낸다. 이를 통하여 억새의 경우 우리나라 전역에 발생하는 건조지에서 억새시료를 사용할 때는 지역별로 수집한 종자를 활용하는 것이 합리적이나 부득이하게 다른 지역의 식물 자원을 사용한다고 해도 유전적인 교란이 크게 발생하지 않을것으로 보인다. 갈대의 경우 전 지역에서 유전적 변이가 다양하며 억새에 비하여 유전적 변이가 상대적으로 많이 나타나고 있기 때문에 염류 피해지의 복원에 활용할 수 있는 자원인 갈대의 경우 종자를 지역별로 수집하기 위한 다양한 인프라를 구축하여 향후 복원 사업에 대비하여야 한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.537-539
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• 2003

We present a GPS-derived regional ionosphere model, which estimates Total Electron Content (TEC) in rectangular grids on the spherical shell over Korea. The GPS data from nine GPS stations were used. The pseudorange data were phase-leveled by a linear combination of pseudoranges and carrier phases. During a quiet day of solar activity, the regional ionosphere map indicated 30-45 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU) at the peak of the diurnal variation. In comparison with the Global Ionosphere Map of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, RMS differences were at the level of 4-5 TECU for five days.

• 농촌계획
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1997

In the study it is assumed that regional characteristics of each Ri within a Myeon are different in certain degrees. This assumption implies that in some case of rural planning, Goon(county) or Myeon may be inadequate as a planning unit. because regional characteristics within Myeon will vary in a considerable degree. The objective of this study is to obtain knowledge relevant to ascertaining planning units by classifying entire number of Ri in Ansung Goon according to the components of regionality, namely the degree of sustaining agriculture and the degree of urbanizing. There was a significant variation among Ri within a Myeon the degree of sustaining agriculture as well as in the degree of urbanizing. In this study it is implied that rural program planning of Goon as a whole seems to be irrelevant. And planning Myeon level programs needs eventually adjustments in such a way of eliminating areas(Ri) which are of inconsistent character. Some planning such as farming cooperation may be efficient if they are to be undertaken at Ri basis. If the program planning include such activities of marketing and cooperative use of facilities, a group of Ri in consistent nature of regionality can be a unit of planning.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.55-74
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• 2015

Using the Census on Establishments collected by Statistics Korea, we analyze how the patterns of job creation and destruction differ across counties (si-gun-gu). We measure aggregate employment changes due to establishment startups, expansions, contractions, and shutdowns for each county and quantify the role of such reallocations in explaining variation in employment growth across counties. Overall we find that both rates of net entry and job creation play an important role in explaining differences in net job creation rates across regions. Moreover, counties with high employment growth rates also tend to have high exit and job destruction rates, which suggests that an active process of job reallocation is a key source of regional employment growth.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

The acid deposition and photochemical modeling study was performed on the Eastern Asia using Regional Acid Deposition Model(RADM). The results of this study show that horizontal distribution of $SO_2$, concentration and dry deposition flux was higher in Beking, Shanghai and central part of Korea. However distribution pattern of sulfate and $O_3$ concentration calculated by RADM were not similar to emission pattern. In daytime, $SO_2$, sulfate and $O_3$ were mixed to whole PBL but in nighttime because of inversion layer these pollutants were suppressed to lower level.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1670-1676
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• 2014

This paper presents the modeling of Single Electron Transistor (SET) based on Physical model of a device and its equivalent circuit. The physical model is derived from Schrodinger equation. The wave function of the electrode is calculated using Hartree-Fock method and the quantum dot calculation is obtained from WKB approximation. The resulting wave functions are used to compute tunneling rates. From the tunneling rate the current is calculated. The equivalent circuit model discuss about the effect of capacitance on tunneling probability and free energy change. The parameters of equivalent circuit are extracted and optimized using genetic algorithm. The effect of tunneling probability, temperature variation effect on tunneling rate, coulomb blockade effect and current voltage characteristics are discussed.