• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2018

Average life expectancy is getting longer due to medical developments and improvements in living standards. So much so that the elderly have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. Therefore, it is important to prevent, diagnose, and treat the senile disease at an early stage through a bone density test. Bone density is measured by dual energy X-ray absorption (DXA). In this study, while using DXA, in cases when the measurements for both the lumbar and the femur could not be taken simultaneously, the correlation between both measurements were known, and the measurement of one area was used to make a clinical inference for the value of the other. Measurements were taken using Lunar Prodigy Advance (GE) for 43 participant with clinically significant fractures. Statistical calculations were produced and analysed regarding bone density. In case of T-score, lumbar spine produced a statistical result of $-2.112{\pm}1.836$ and femur neck was $-1.716{\pm}1.565$. In case of Z-score lumbar spine produced a statistical result of $-0.151{\pm}1.513$, and femur neck $-0.026{\pm}1.283$. It is indicated that the pearson correlation coefficient of T-score between lumbar spine and femur neck is high at 0.699, and the pearson correlation coefficient of Z-score is considered relatively high at 0.503. The correlation of bone density between lumbar spine and femur neck is shown to be statistically meaningful in T-score's p-value at 0.000 and Z-score's p-value at 0.001. In conclusion, it seems to have clinical usefulness that we can infer the result of one measurement through that of the other part tested, based on the knowledge of the correlation coefficients between lumbar spine and femur neck.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2001

Summarized results of this study that examined the characteristics of farm household in suburban areas classified by the fanning types are as follows. When it was looked into with the side of farm household and his family, the type of the farm household in suburban areas are related to the quality of fanning labor rather than the quantity of it. Regardless of the type of the farm household, it depends upon the family labor (usually men and wives). And the age of farm manager is an important part in the quality of fanning labor. The size of the farm household is related to the individual fanning labor. The size of self-sufficient crops(mainly rice) farm household will be small as the farmer gets to be old. But the size of commercial crops farm household has less tendency to change in terms with the age of farm manager. The fanning commercialism takes an important part in the maintenance and development of suburban agricultural areas. But, in fact, there is a shortage of farming labor. So the physical condition of farmland is the most important part in agricultural durability. After this study, we can conclude that we won't have enough chance to solve the problem of family member separation and shortage of fanning labor even though it is in the suburban area or in the profitable farm until we give them more enough chance to get a job(except fanning) and the better education infrastructure. To make matters worse, the aggravation of farm house-hold's economy due to unstable price of farming products' threatens the agricultural durability. Consequently, in order to get a development of agriculture and rural community, a qualitative change with improvement of agricultural conditions and of products distribution system is needed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2005

Climatological characteristics in the variation of soil temperatures in Korea were investigated using Korea Meterological Administration's observation data. And the impacts of soil moisture on the variation of soil temperature were examined using observed precipitation data. The climatological averages of soil temperatures are ranged from 14.4 to $15.0^{\circ}C$ regardless of depths. And they showed an latitudinal gradient with a warm temperature at the southern region and 'U' shape as in the air temperature with a high value along the coastal region. The relatively higher heat capacity and low conductivity of soil compared to those of the air resulted in the significant delay of the maximum and minimum date with depth. As a results, soil acts as a heat source during winter while a heat sink during summer. Global warming and urban heat island have increased the soil temperatures with an average rate $0.3\~0.5^{\circ}C/10-year$ as in the air temperature during last 30 years $(1973\~2002)$. However, the warming rate is maximized during spring contrary to the winter in the air temperature. The temporal variation of soil temperatures is strongly affected by that of soil moisture through an modification of the heat capacity and heat convection. In general, the increased soil moisture clearly decreased the temporal variations and increased the deep layer soil temperatures during cold season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2018

The age and growth of Pleurogrammus azonus in the coastal of Gangwon-do, East Sea were determined, from monthly samples of commercial catches, caught by the gill net and set net fishery from January to December in 2008. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in September, and reached the maximum between November and December. After spawning GSI began to decrease from January. The annuli of P. azonus are formed once a year, with the boundary between opaque and translucent zones forming from December to January. The relationships between fork length (FL) and body weight (BW) were $BW=0.005FL^{3.240}$($R^2=0.963$) for females and $BW=0.006FL^{3.238}$($R^2=0.946$) for males. The FLs at annuli formation in otoliths were back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship and were adjusted to von Bertalanffy growth curves to $FL_t=70.54(1-{\exp}^{(-0.099(t+1.188))})$ for females and $FL_t=51.87(1-{\exp}^{(-0.135(t+1.697))})$ for males. Until the age of 3 years, males grew faster than females; however, from the age of 4 years, females grew faster than males. In the future, we want to study the relationship between early growth and water temperature changes in the East Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2013

The peel from seven types of citrus was extracted with 80% methanol, and their phenolic compound content, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by LPS and t-BHP in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells were measured. Total phenolic content was high in Yungkyool, Cheonhyehyang, and Jinkyool (30.6, 30.2, and 28.2 mg GAE/g, respectively), while total flavonoid content was high in Yungkyool and Jinkyool (30.3 and 25.5 mg RE/g, respectively). ORAC was the highest at 1,076 mM TE/g in Yungkyool, followed by Cheonhyehyang (1,012), Jinkyool (984), and Hallabong (914). High inhibitory activity against NO production was shown in Cheonhyehyang, Yungkyool, and Jinkyool with $IC_{50}$ values of 215.3, 259.2, and 328.9 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. LPS-induced ROS production was inhibited by 16.4% and 12.8% in Hallabong and Jinkyool, while t-BHP-induced ROS production was inhibited by 28.7%, 26.1%, and 26.6% in Jinkyool, Hallabong, and Cheonhyehyang, respectively. Correlation coefficients between total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and ORAC were 0.884 and 0.855. Inhibitory activity against NO production showed higher correlation with total phenolic content than total flavonoid content. It was concluded that citrus peels had potent antioxidant activities and could be used as natural antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2014

In this study, the detection method was developed using real-time PCR to distinguish 4 species (bovine, porcine, horse, and chicken) of raw meats. The genes for distinction of species about meats targeted at 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA parts in mitochondrial DNA. Probes were designed to have a 5' FAM and a TAMRA at the 3' end. This study is to develop 4 species-specific primer and probes about raw materials and real-time PCR on 10 strains to observe the products of non-specific signal for similar species. As a result, any non-specific signal were not detected among each other. Real-time PCR method was developed for quantitation and identification of intentional and unintentional mixture in ground mixed meat (The difference of $C_T$ value between intentional mixture and 100% meat: $${\leq_-}$$ cycles, The difference of $C_T$ value between unintentional mixture and 100% meat: $${\geq_-}$$ cycles). The detection and differentiation of intentional and unintentional mixture in this study would be applied to food safety management for eradication of adulterated food distribution and protection of consumer's right.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2009

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water & Sediments was adopted by consensus at a diplomatic conference of IMO at 2004. To prepare the Ballast Water Management Convention, fundamental technologies such as treatment system, type approval, risk assessment and various technical informations for formulation of the regulation for national strategy shall be developed. The information item of voyage and discharge of ship's ballast water are gathered by visiting vessel and agent at port. Using the 97 results by ships type characteristic analysis on the relation between loading/unloading and discharge/uptake of ballast water, the amounts of discharge/uptake of ballast water at each port and all of country in Korea are predicted. Hence, It is apparent that the uptake of ballast water is predicted to about 70 million ton in total of Busan, Incheon, Kwangyang and Ulsan ports at 2006 which is over 3 times than discharges.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.57-67
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• 2015

This paper proposes an Fuzzy-based Risk Reasoning Driving Strategy on VANET. Its first reasoning phase consists of a WC_risk reasoning that reasons the risk by using limited road factors such as current weather, density, accident, and construction, a DR_risk reasoning that reasons the risk by combining the driving resistance with the weight value suitable for the environment of highways and national roads, a DS_risk reasoning that judges the collision risk by using the travel direction, speed. and distance of vehicles and pedestrians, and a Total_risk reasoning that computes a final risk by using the three above-mentioned reasoning. Its second speed reduction proposal phase decides the reduction ratio according to the result of Total_risk and the reduction ratio by comparing the regulation speed of road to current vehicle's speed. Its third risk notification phase works in case current driving speed exceeds regulation speed or in case the Total_risk is higher than AV(Average Value). The Risk Notification Phase informs rear vehicles or pedestrians around of a risk according to drivers's response. If drivers use a brake according to the proposed speed reduction, the precedent vehicles transfers Risk Notification Messages to rear vehicles. If they don't use a brake, a current driving vehicle transfers a Risk Message to pedestrians. Therefore, this paper not only prevents collision accident beforehand by reasoning the risk happening to pedestrians and vehicles but also decreases the loss of various resources by reducing traffic jam.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to interpret the visual and auditory images and cognitive characteristics about townscapes in Namwon city. It was acquired the survey results about 8 types of verbal interviews and 2 kinds of sketch maps which are based on urban images from 102 Namwon residents. They held in a variety of images of Namwon in their minds such as Jiri mountain, clean environment, sightseeing, special products, urban/building structures, Korean classical music, historical novel, local sports, and emotional images. The nice streets or places which the residents recommended are the places which have abundant natural areas, psychological peace and rest, available space for physical activity, places for performances and events, and regional attractions. The streets or places which they didn't like are decadent places, and areas of crowded traffic. The transition times of visual and auditory scene can be classified with the Saemaul movement in the 1970's(the rural new community movement) and the improvement of the city in the 1990's. The elements of visual images in Namwon city on the basis of the cognitive maps were expressed such elements as paths, districts, nodes, edges, and landmarks. The elements of auditory images, which are on the basis of the concept of the soundscape, included sounds of narrative musical form unique to Korea; p'ansori, sounds of traditional markets, and sounds of nature. It was found that the imageability of visual and auditory images is relatively clear in specific areas in Namwon city.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2007

Objectives : Studies have reported differences between depressed adults and controls in quantitative measures of EEG alpha asymmetry, but, there are few using Korean subjects. So, the present study compared EEG regional alpha asymmetries of patients having major depressive disorder(MDD) and normal controls. Methods : The subjects in this study were 11 unmedicated unipolar depressed patients and 11 non-depressed, age matched controls. Resting EEG(eyes closed and eyes open) was recorded from each participant using 8 scalp electrodes. Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Results : The severities of depression measured by self-report questionnaires were positively associated with those of anxiety(state and trait) ; The subjects were both anxious and depressed. Anxious-depressed patients differed from controls in alpha asymmetry at T4 channels. They showed evidence of greater activation over right than left temporal site. Conclusion : These findings are consistent with the previousely reported alpha asymmetry of depressed patients with an anxiety disorder. The failure to find the evidence of reduced right parietal activity in depression is presumed to be due to opposing effects of comorbid anxiety on parietotemporal activity.