• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This study examined the role of Korea, Japan and China (including brief information about Hong Kong) in the context of their changing fashion industries and respective, regional and global identities.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.191-215
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• 2009

This study extends the previous research into the effects of knowledge spillovers on innovation and regional exports growth by more clearly distinguishing, both theoretically and empirically, two different types of knowledge spillovers, namely product and market knowledge spillovers. More importantly, this research provides insights on their role of knowledge spillovers in shaping regional innovative activities and, eventually, regional export growths. Furthermore, this research makes an important contribution to the understudied market knowledge spillovers by developing two variables that could be used to assess the flow of market knowledge spillovers at the regional level: localization economies and export consulting advice. Using secondary data on eight 2-digit manufacturing industries in ten New Zealand regions over a seven year period, this research found that regional competition, localization economies and the availability of export consulting advice have positively and significantly impact on the regional export growth in New Zealand.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2009

This study extends the previous research into the effects of knowledge spillovers on innovation and regional exports growth by more clearly distinguishing, both theoretically and empirically, two different types of knowledge spillovers, namely product and market knowledge spillovers. More importantly, this research provides insights on their role of knowledge spillovers in shaping regional innovative activities and, eventually, regional export growths. Furthermore, this research makes an important contribution to the understudied market knowledge spillovers by developing two variables that could be used to assess the flow of market knowledge spillovers at the regional level: localization economies and export consulting advice. Using secondary data on eight 2-digit manufacturing industries in ten New Zealand regions over a seven year period, this research found that regional competition, localization economies and the availability of export consulting advice have positively and significantly impact on the regional export growth in New Zealand.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2022

Purpose - Based on the relevant panel data for China and 13 of the RCEP countries from 2008-2019, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the impact of trade facilitation levels on China's cross-border e-commerce exports using the expanded trade gravity model. Design/methodology - This study constructs a trade facilitation index (TFI) system, and uses the principal component analysis method to measure the trade facilitation levels of RCEP countries in 2008-2019. This result is then introduced into the extended gravity model to explore the effect of trade facilitation in RCEP countries on China's cross-border e-commerce export. Findings - It is found that the overall trade facilitation level has a significant effect on China's cross-border e-commerce exports. Among the primary indicators, with the exception of infrastructure, the other four indicators demonstrate a significant impact. The findings show that China should strengthen its cooperation with RCEP countries in trade facilitation and cross-border e-commerce to better achieve complementary regional economic development. Originality/value - This paper has three contributions: first, this paper builds a TFI system that includes five primary indicators based on the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce. Second, we explore the impact of trade facilitation levels of RCEP countries on China's cross-border e-commerce exports, which helps to fill the gap in existing studies of the impact of cross-border e-commerce exports. Third, this paper further analyzes the impact of five primary indicators on cross-border e-commerce exports; this thus provides more targeted measures to improve trade facilitation levels.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2021

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) signed by the 15 Asian countries in 2020 forms the world's largest free trading bloc. Using data for the period 2001 - 2019, this study evaluates global value chains (GVCs) among the RCEP members, with a primary focus on GVC backward participation which involves imports intermediates embodied in exports. This study finds that the RCEP's intra-regional linkages, particularly with the ASEAN members, are significantly higher than its extra-regional linkages in trade and GVC backward participation. Among the individual RCEP member countries, Korea is found to have a particularly strong intra-regional linkages with the ASEAN members in both trade and GVC participation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Purpose - Exports have long been regarded as significant drivers of sustainable competitive advantage and growth among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The export activities of SMEs are particularly important in the context of export-oriented economies such as Korea. Although many studies have examined the determinants of exports, it is difficult to find empirical studies about the determinants of the export performance of regional SMEs. This study investigates the determinants of export performance in the regional SME context based on an integrated approach that combines the environment factor of industrial organization theory, competitive strategy theory, and the competences of the resource-based view. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically analyze the determinants of export performance in the regional SMEs, data were collected from firms in the Daegu metropolitan area. Data were collected directly through questionnaire surveys; in addition, secondary financial data were also taken from the KIS-VALUE database. Out of the 175 responses that were received, 143 were considered to be worth examining. After testing the reliability and validity of the variables through multiple items such as environmental turbulence and competitive strategy, hypotheses were verified by using five multi-regression models. These models were: a control model with organizational size and age, an environmental model with technology and market turbulence, a competency model with R&D and foreign distribution channels, a strategy model with product and market differentiation, and an integrated model including all of these variables. Results - First, as a control variable, the organization size has significant positive effects on export performance. Second, technology turbulence based on industrial organization theory has significant positive effects on export performance, but market turbulence does not affect export performance. Third, the foreign market distribution competency of the resource-based view has strong positive effects on export performance, but the R&D competency does not affect export performance. Fourth, the product differentiation strategy from competitive strategy theory positively impacts export performance, but market differentiation does not affect export performance. Finally, in the integrated model, only the foreign distribution competency of the resource-based view has a significant effect on export performance. Conclusions - The empirical results of this study verified the usefulness of the rationales behind the three theories to explain the export performance of the regional SMEs, especially the importance of the foreign market distribution competency from the resource-based view. With regard to practical considerations, this study's implications suggest that the use of technological environmental changes by industries is better than the use of market changes. Further, the use of the product differentiation strategy is more effective than the use of the market-driving strategy, and the distribution channel competency plays a stronger role than the technology-oriented competency with regard to the export performance position of regional SMEs. Future studies should examine relational perspectives, such as trust among channel partners. Therefore, the configuration approach is more useful in enhancing pragmatism by comparing high- and low-export companies.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

대산항 수출은 석유제품, 석유화학중간원료, 기초유분, 합성수지 4개 품목이 92%를 차지하고 있다. 그런데 이와 같은 대산항의 주요 품목의 수출실적은 경쟁항만에 따라서 다르게 나타나고 있다. 본고는 이러한 현상을 규명할 수 있는 공간변이할당모형의 새로운 버전을 개발하여 대산항의 수출 변동요인을 밝힌다. 먼저 표준변이할당분석을 통해 석유제품과 기초유분에서는 지역-국가 전부문 변이효과와 지역산업구조효과가, 석유화학중간원료와 합성수지에서는 지역-국가 전부문 변이효과가 주요 수출변동요인임을 밝힌다. 석유제품을 포함한 4개 품목 모두 지역-국가 전부문 변이효과가 양의 부호를 가져 대산항의 수출이 다른 항만들에 비해 원활함을 보인다. 또한 석유제품과 기초유분의 지역산업구조효과가 양의 부호로 빠르게 수출이 증가하는 품목인데 비해, 석유화학중간원료와 합성수지는 음의 부호로 수출활동이 활발하지 못함을 보인다. 공간변이할당분석에서 대산항은 석유제품에서 경쟁력이 약한 울산항은 물론 경쟁력이 강한 온산항과 인천항에 대해서도 경쟁우위를 가지나, 경쟁력이 높은 여수항에 대해서는 열위상태에 있다. 기초유분에 있어서는 높은 경쟁력을 갖는 인천항과 온산항에 대해 그리고 경쟁력이 약해진 여수항에 대해 우위를 가지나, 경쟁력을 회복한 울산항에 대해서는 경쟁력 우위를 상실하고 있다. 석유화학중간원료에 있어서 수출경쟁력이 높은 울산항, 온산항, 여수항에 대해 경쟁력을 상실한 반면에 경쟁력이 약해진 인천항에 대해 경쟁력을 회복하고 있다. 그리고 합성수지에 있어서는 경쟁력을 가진 울산항, 부산항, 인천항에 대해 경쟁력을 잃고 있으며, 경쟁력이 약한 광양항에 대해서는 경쟁력을 유지하고 있음을 밝힌다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.583-611
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• 2009

본고에서는 RCA지수, CAC지수, ESI를 이용하여 지난 2000년 이래 7년간 세계자동차시장 점유율 상위 6개국을 대상으로 중국시장에서의 자동차 수출경쟁력을 비교 분석하였다. RCA지수를 분석한 결과, 한국자동차의 국제시장에서의 경쟁력은 일본, 독일에 이어 높은 것으로 나타났으나 중국자동차시장에서는 수출경합국 중 최하위의 국제경쟁력을 가진 것으로 조사되었다. 국제시장에서 한국자동차의 RCA지수가 7년 평균 1.867인데 비해 중국시장에서의 CAC지수는 1.053에 불과하였다. 그러나 한국자동차는 프랑스시장에서 CAC지수 3.338, 미국시장에서 2.454, 독일시장에서 2.143, 일본시장에서 0.067을 기록함으로써, 프랑스, 미국, 독일시장에서 선전하고 있는 반면, 일본시장과 중국시장에서의 국제경쟁력은 매우 취약한 상태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 세계자동차시장에서 한국자동차와 수출경합도가 가장 높은 국가는 독일과 일본으로 관측되었고, 중국시장의 경우 한국-독일, 한국-일본 수출경합도가 세계시장의 ESI보다는 미약하게 형성되어 있었다. 따라서 우리는 세계 및 중국자동차시장의 동향과 중국당국의 정책변화를 면밀하게 모니터링하고 업계와 정부간의 신속하고 유기적인 공조체제를 구축함으로써 중국시장의 경쟁체제 변화에 능동적으로 대응하는 전략을 강구해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2023

Purpose - This paper assesses the trade potential and efficiency of Korea and China in the aquatic products trade. Trade efficiency and potential are the main factors that affect the growth of a country's trade. In this study, a time-varying stochastic frontier trade gravity model was constructed to analyze the trade potential and efficiency between Korea and China. By integrating the results of trade theory and empirical analysis, measures and suggestions were proposed to encourage the release of trade potential of fish exports between Korea and China. Design/methodology - In this paper, GDP per capita instead of economic size was chosen as an explanatory variable, and population size and relative distance were selected as explanatory variables to measure trade potential. For trade non-efficiency terms, regional organizations, political factors, and economic factors were mainly considered, and variables such as free trade agreements, political stability, regulatory quality, government efficiency, currency freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom, and trade freedom were selected. Panel data for South Korea and 14 aquatic products trading partners (including China) from 2002 to 2020 were used in the empirical analysis. Findings - In the past 19 years, South Korea's export trade potential of aquatic products to China has never been lower than 70%. It was above 90% from 2006 to 2018, and has been at a high level for a long time. This shows that China's aquatic product market has large potential for development. Originality/value - This study examines the effectiveness and potential of South Korea's exports of aquatic items to China in a methodical and comprehensive empirical manner. The evaluation of the export trade potential of South Korea's aquatic goods to China is more precise when the effects of regional organization, political, and economic variables are taken into account in the trade non-efficiency term of the stochastic frontier gravity model. At the same time, we propose to increase the scale of South Korea's aquatic products trade from the perspective of China's demand. This issue of trade studies is underexplored both empirically and in theory, although the issue has long been important to Korean and world trade.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-79
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• 2013

The objective of this article is to explore the economic relationship between China and the surrounding dynamic Asian economies. It delves into China's influence over the Asian economies and whether this relationship is a market-led or de facto symbiosis. The three principal channels of regional integration analyzed in this article are trade, FDI and vertically integrated production networks. They are essentially based on the activities of the private-sector in these economies. China methodically expanded and deepened its economic ties with the regional neighbors. At the present juncture, China's integration with the surrounding Asia is deep. Another issue that this article explores is the so-called China "threat" or "fear" in Asia. It implies that China is crowding out exports of the other Asian economies in the world market place. Also, as China has become the most attractive FDI destination among the developing countries, it is apprehended that China is receiving FDI at the expense of the Asian economies. These concerns were examined by several empirical studies, and the inference is that they are exaggerated. This article concludes that the private-sector business activities in China and other rapidly growing Asian economies were (and are) instrumental in bringing together the production structures and real economies. The result is both convergence and integration among the dynamic Asian economies. Over the years China and its Asian neighbors has developed a close and symbiotic economic relationship and a de facto regional integration.