• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2009

Using GIS data of C-si as basic data when making noise map of road traffic, we estimated exactly the noise excess areas and consequently suggested the population and the area exposed to road traffic noise accurately. We made 3D noise map to assess regional distribution of noise quantitatively. The noise map consists of noise prediction model based on data base such as traffic volume and speed changes for estimating quantitatively the noise and 3D urban space model which includes locations of noise sources, 3D buildings, topography and roads. We made noise standard map according to land use conditions and compared this map to road traffic noise map, and consequently made excess noise map. Using excess noise map, we assessed areas which exceed environmental noise level standards and noise guidelines quantitatively and effectively through GIS spatial analysis, and consequently more accurate noise exposed area and noise exposed population could be estimated. To show buildings' outer walls noise exposure, we analyzed 3D urban noise distributions using 3D-analysis of GIS.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2010

In order to incorporate correctly the large or local scale circulation in an atmospheric model, a nudging term is introduced into the equation of motion. The MM5 model was used to assess the meteorological values differences in each case, during ozone episode days in Gwangyang bay. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of horizontal and vertical flow fields according to the surface and vertical observation data assimilation by upper wind conditions. Therefore, we carried out several numerical experiments with various parameterization methods for nudging coefficient considering the upper wind conditions (synoptic or asynoptic condition). Nudging considering the synoptic and asynoptic nudging coefficient does have a clear advantage over dynamic initialization, therefore appropriate limitation of these nudging coefficient values on its upper wind conditions is necessary before making an assessment. Obviously, under the weak synoptic wind, there was apparent advantage associated with nudging coefficient by the regional difference. The accuracy for the prediction of the meteorological values has been improved by applying the appropriate PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) limitation of circulation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2002

Based on the tide gauge data from the Permanent Service for Meau Sea Level (PSMSL) collected at 23 locations in the Korean coast, the long-term sea-level trend was computed using a simple linear regression fit over the recorded length of the monthly mean sea-level data. The computed sea-level trend was also corrected for the vertical land movement due to post glacial rebound(PGR) using the ICE-4G(VM2) model output. It was found that the PGR-corrected sea-level trend near Korea was 2.310 $\pm$ 2.220 mm/yr, which is higher than the global average at 1.0∼2.0mm/yr, as assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). The regional distribution of the long-term sea-level trend near Korea revealed that the South Sea had the largest sea-level rise followed by the West Sea and East Sea, respectively, supporting the results of the previous study by Seo et al. However, due to the relatively short record period and large spatial variability, the sea-level trend from the tide gauge data for the Korean coast could be biased with a steric sea-level rise by the global warming during the 20th century.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2009

In this study, a dynamic modeling scheme is presented to describe the probabilistic structure of soil water and plant water stress index under stochastic precipitation conditions. The proposed model has the form of the Fokker-Planck equation, and its applicability as a model for the probabilistic evolution of the soil water and plant water stress index is investigated under a climate change scenario. The simulation results of soil water confirm that the proposed soil water model can properly reproduce the observations and show that the soil water behaves with consistent cycle based on the precipitation pattern. The simulation results of plant water stress index show two different PDF patterns according to the precipitation. The simple impact assessment of climate change to soil water and plant water stress is discussed with Korean Meteorological Administration regional climate model.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

This study is to assess the effect of non-point source pollution discharge loads between tillage and no-tillage applications for upland crop areas using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) watershed modeling. For Byulmi-cheon small rural catchment ($1.17km^2$) located in upstream of Gyeongan-cheon watershed, the rainfall, discharge and stream water quality have been monitored in the catchment outlet since 2011. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated in hourly basis using 19 rainfall events during 2011-2013. The average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and $R^2$ (determination coefficient) for streamflow were 0.67 and 0.79 respectively. Using the 10 % surface runoff reduction from experiment results for no-tillage condition in field plots of 3 % and 8 % slopes under sesami cultivation, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity for upland crop areas was adjusted from 0.001 mm/hr to 0.0025 mm/hr in average. Under the condition, the catchment sediment, T-N (total nitrogen, TN), and T-P (total phosphorus, TP) discharge loads were reduced by 6.9 %, 7.4 %, and 7.7 % respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.743-753
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• 2012

The hydrologic models, capable of simulating groundwater recharge for long-term period and effects on it of crops management in the agricultural areas, have been used to compute groundwater recharge in the agricultural fields. Among these models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been widely used because it could interpret hydrologic conditions for the long time considering effects of weather condition, land uses, and soil. However the SWAT model couldn't represent the spatial information of Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU), the SWAT HRU mapping module was developed in 2010. With this capability, it is possible to assume and analyze spatio-temporal groundwater recharge. In this study, groundwater recharge of rate for various crops in the Mandae stream watershed was estimated using SWAT HRU Mapping module, which can simulate spato-temporal recharge rate. As a result of this study, Coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for flow calibration were 0.80 and 0.72, respectively, and monthly groundwater recharge of Mandae watershed in Haean-myeon was 381.24 mm/year. It was 28% of total precipitation in 2009. Groundwater recharge rate was 73.54 mm/month and 73.58 mm/month for July and August 2009, which is approximately 18 times of groundwater recharge rate for December 2009. The groundwater recharges for each month through the year were varying. The groundwater recharge was smaller in the spring and winter seasons, relatively. So, it is necessary to enforce proper management of groundwater recharge during droughty season. Also, the SWAT HRU Mapping module could show the result of groundwater recharge as a GIS map and analyze spatio-temporal groundwater recharge. So, this method, proposed in this study, would be quite useful to make groundwater management plans at agriculture-dominant watershed.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-41
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• 2021

Kazakhstan's cities experience high concentrations levels of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), which is well-known for its highly detrimental effect on the human health. A further increase in PM concentrations in the future could lead to a higher air pollution-caused morbidity and mortality, causing an increase in healthcare expenditures by the government. However, to prevent elevated PM concentrations in the future, more stringent standards could be implemented by lowering current maximum allowable PM concentration limit to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s limits. Therefore, this study aims to find out what impact this change in environmental policy towards PM has on state economy in the long run. Future PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using multiple linear regression based on gross regional product (GRP) and population growth parameters. Dose-response model was based on World Health Organization's approach for the identification of mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs due to air pollution. Analysis of concentrations revealed that only 6 out of 21 cities of Kazakhstan did not exceed the EU limit on PM10 concentration. Changing environmental standards resulted in the 71.7% decrease in mortality and 77% decrease in morbidity cases in all cities compared to the case without changes in environmental policy. Moreover, the cost of morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution decreased by $669 million in 2030 and $2183 million in 2050 in case of implementation of OECD standards. Thus, changing environmental regulations will be beneficial in terms of both of mortality reduction and state budget saving.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.272-285
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 3차원 기상 및 대기질 모델의 입출력 자료를 평가하는 데 필요한 통계 검증지표를 선별하고, 선정된 검증지표의 기준치를 조사하여 그 결과를 요약하였다. 여러 국내외 문헌과 최근 논문 검토를 통해 최종 선정된 통계 검증지표는 MB (Mean Bias), ME (Mean Error), MNB (Mean Normalized Bias Error), MNE (Mean Absolute Gross Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), IOA (Index of Agreement), R (Correlation Coefficient), FE (Fractional Error), FB (Fractional Bias)로 총 9가지이며, 국내외 문헌을 통해 그 기준치를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 기상모델의 경우 대부분 MB와 ME가 주요 지표로 사용되어 왔고, 대기질 모델 결과는 NMB와 NME 지표가 주로 사용되었으며, 그 기준치의 차이를 분석하였다. 아울러 이들 통계 검증지표값을 이용하여 모델 예측 결과를 효과적으로 비교하기 위한 표출 도식으로 축구 도식, 테일러 도식, Q-Q (Quantile-Quantile) 도식의 장단점을 분석하였다. 나아가 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 우리나라의 산악지역의 특수성 등이 잘 고려된 통계 검증지표의 기준치 설정 등의 추가연구가 효과적으로 진행될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 1993

지리 정보시스템(Geographical Information System)을 이용하여 도심지 Non Pount Source오염 물질의 양이 오염원 종류별로 확인되고 적절하한 오염감소를 위한 대책이 마련되었다. 경험에 의한 공해물질 예측모델을 운용하기 위한 모든 입력 자료들이 도심지의 거리 구획별(Street block)별로 제공되어 각 거리 구획별 오염량이 계산되었다. 계산된 오염량은 각 우수 배출구별로 합산되어 오염량이 많은 지역이 판명되었다. 또한 오염량을 줄이기 위하여 인공호수를 만들기 위한 적지분석이 수행되었으며, 그에 따른 비용분석이 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 지형정보시스템의 도심지 공해연구에의 기여도를 입증시켜 주었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

A disaster can be defined in many ways based on perspectives, in addition, its types are able to classify differently by various standards. Considering the different perspectives, the disaster can be occurred by natural phenomenon that is like typhoon, earthquake, flood, and drought, and by the accident that is like collapse of facilities, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution, etc. Into the modern society, moreover, the disaster includes the damages by diffusion of epidemic and infectious disease in domestic animals. The disaster was defined by natural and man-made hazards in the past. As societies grew with changes of paradigm, social factors have been included in the concept of the disaster according to new types unexpected by new disease and scientific technology. Change the concept of social disasters, Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) has provided the regional safety index, which measures the safety level of a local government. However, this regional safety index has some limitation to use because this index provides the information for city unit which is a unit of administrative districts of urban. Since these administrative districts units are on a different level with urban and rural areas, the regional safety index provided by MPSS is not be able to direct apply to the rural areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the regional safety index targeting rural areas. To estimate the safety index, we was used for 3 indicators of the MPSS, a fire, a crime, and an infectious disease which are evaluable the regional safety index using an accessibility analysis. For determining the regional safety index using accessibility from community centers to public facilities, the safety index of fire, crime, and infectious disease used access time to fire station, police office, and medical facility, respectively. An integrated Cheongju, targeting areas in this study, is mixed region with urban and rural areas. The results of regional safety index about urban and rural areas, the safety index in rural area is relatively higher than in the urban. Neverthless the investment would be needed to improve the safety in the rural areas.