• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2012

This research is aimed at evaluating the land surface characterization of KOMPSAT-3A middle infrared (MIR) data. Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) data, which has MIR bands with high spatial resolution, were used to assess land surface temperature (LST) retrieval and classification accuracy of MIR bands. Firstly, LST values for daytime and nighttime, which were calculated with AHS thermal infrared (TIR) bands, were compared to digital number of AHS MIR bands. The determination coefficient of AHS band 68 (center wavelength $4.64{\mu}m$) was over 0.74, and was higher than other MIR bands. Secondly, The land cover maps were generated by unsupervised classification methods using the AHS MIR bands. Each class of land cover maps for daytime, such as water, trees, green grass, roads, roofs, was distinguished well. But some classes of land cover maps for nighttime, such as trees versus green grass, roads versus roofs, were not separated. The image classification using the difference images between daytime AHS MIR bands and nighttime AHS MIR bands were conducted to enhance the discrimination ability of land surface for AHS MIR imagery. The classification accuracy of the land cover map for zone 1 and zone 2 was 67.5%, 64.3%, respectively. It was improved by 10% compared to land cover map of daytime AHS MIR bands and night AHS MIR bands. Consequently, new algorithm based on land surface characteristics is required for temperature retrieval of high resolution MIR imagery, and the difference images between daytime and nighttime was considered to enhance the ability of land surface characterization using high resolution MIR data.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.609-616
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• 2016

This paper is proposed a customized market analysis method using SVM and collaborative filtering. The proposed customized market analysis scheme is consists of DC(Data Classification) module, ICF(Improved Collaborative Filtering) module, and CMA(Customized Market Analysis) module. DC module classifies the characteristics of on-line and off-line shopping mall and traditional markets into price, quality, and quantity using SVM. ICF module calculates the similarity by adding age weight and job weight, and generates network using the similarity of purchased item each users, and makes a recommendation list of neighbor nodes. And CMA module provides the result of customized market analysis using the data classification result of DC module and the recommendation list of ICF module. As a result of comparing the proposed customized recommendation list with the existing user based recommendation list, the case of recommendation list using the existing collaborative filtering scheme, precision is 0.53, recall is 0.56, and F-measure is 0.57. But the case of proposed customized recommendation list, precision is 0.78, recall is 0.85, and F-measure is 0.81. That is, the proposed customized recommendation list shows more precision.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Mountains have significant influences on the atmospheric environment. The Korean Peninsula consists of approximately 70% mountainous area with numerous mountain ranges and peaks. The initial classification of mountains in Korea was made by a Japanese scientist from 1900 to 1902. In fact, the Japanese study created too many names of mountains to maintain, which led to confusions. The purpose of this study aims to simplify the previous names and classification of mountains in the Korean Peninsula so that they can be utilized for educational and general purpose of the society and educational institutions. Through this study, we name various mountains as one name "Korea Mountains" which is classified as the secondary world-mountain class stretching from the Korean Peninsula to northeast China (southern Manchuria). The Korea Mountains connect the third class regional medium-scale mountains of Jirin, Hamkyoung, Taebaek, and the fourth mountain class, 8 small-scale ranges including the Liaoning, Yaenbaen, Hambeuk, Pyoungbeuk, Whanghae, Charyoung, Kyoungsang and Namhae Mountains. The major mountains in the Korean Peninsula are normally influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere of the world. The atmospheric conditions are modified on the up-stream and down-stream sides; there is a need for continuous monitoring of the atmospheric environment which impacts the ecosystem and human society.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2010

The study deals with classification of drought-flood intensity using Z index based on the precipitation data in Hyesan of the past 50 years(1957~2006). The frequencies of years and four seasons of flood drought and their change features have also been analyzed based on tendency analysis and MESA and wavelet methods. Results show that the annual and seasonal frequencies of flood-drought exceed 24% in Hyesan and flood-drought disasters have been high frequency. Inter-decadal variability seems to be clear in autumn but those of inter-annual variability are obvious in other three seasons and years. Recently the probability of drought disaster become higher in autumn. The flood disaster in other three seasons and years are estimated to become higher in the future.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.376-384
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• 2004

Purpose: The CHP program has been evaluated as one of the most successful program in the public health area in Korea. The objects of this study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the job activities of the CHP program, using service contents analysis. 2) to figure out personal factors and the outcome of CHP's activities. Method: Data were collected by sending questionnaires to 130 subjects through the mail from May to December 2003. The response rate was 48.0%. The Data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN program with t test and Pearson correlation coefficient. In using these methods. independent variables are CHP's personal factors (age, experience, certification of specialty) and regional factors (geographical classification, aged population, village workers, cooperation of community leaders, work-conditions), and a dependent variable is the outcome of CHP's job activities. Result: The results of t test analysis show that regional differences between factors are influential in the welfare service, the routine job, and the consultation. As a whole, this is shown that CHPs represent experience, the number of village workers and CHPs living condition of work and most of the categories of jobs that influenced over statistical meaning of differences (t=2.417, p=1.043, t=6.123, p=.004, t=4.309, p=.000). There is a significant positive relation between the routine job and the consultation(r=.455, p=.000), the consultation and the education(r=.461, p=.000). Conclusion: Finally, according to the results of this study, the CHP program should be developed and continue to meet the basic health care needs of the residents in accordance with the philosophy of their own primary health care.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1995

Sebaceous carcinomas of the eyelids are uncommon but lethal tumors. Lesions are usually seen in the elderly, predominantly women. The meibomian glands of the tarsus are the most frequent site of origin. Less commonly, the tumor arises in other sebaceous glands, e.g., the gland of Zeis, eyebrow or caruncle. Regardless of the location, sebaceous malignancies must be considered aggressive neoplasms with a potential for regional and distant metastasis. Diagnosis may be difficult, given the low incidence and inconsistencies in histopathologic classification. Treatment requires wide surgical excision with removal of involved regional lymph nodes and exenteration is reserved for those patients with orbital involvement or diffuse intraepithelial neoplasia. Opinions are divided regarding the use of postoperative irradiation or chemotherapy. Recently we experienced 46-year-old male patient with a 12-month history of painless, firm nodule and conjunctivitis due to sebaceous carcinoma of the left upper eyelid. After surgery, serial sections of the entire conjunctiva and eyelids showed a positive cut margin in medial and lateral border. We report herein this patient that supports irradiation as the postoperative treatment of these tumors in selected patients with a review of literatures.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.33-48
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• 1992

Since November 1990, the observations of methane (CH4) level have been carried out at Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP) in Korea. Analysis on atmospheric data obtained in the period from November 1990 to August 1992 is carried out and the results are included in this study. We 임ole that CIL does not have a clear seasonal cycle with a minor maximum in August- september and with a minimum in June-July. The variations in monthly average level are much larger with 1765.01∼ 1857.21 pub (amplitude 92.20 ppb). The occurrence of a minimum in June-July is due to the inflow of the North Pacific air, an increase of OH radical and due to a decrease in CH4 emission from rice paddy. A maximum in August and September appears to result from an increase in organic materials in agriculture (rice paddy) and forests, inputs of local sources due to weak airflows, stagnation of the warm and moist air and from a decrease in OH radical.'rho present analysis indicates that according to CH4 data from Mongolia and from several sites in North Pacific TAP is influenced as much as 31 pub in average from the inputs of Chinese omission. When the atmospheric CH4 of TAP is compared with data observed at Korea National University of Education (KNU), the values of KNU are higher (127 ppb) than those of TAP. It is clear that air samples taken at KNU are influenced strongly by local sources in central Korea than those at TAP. According to analysis of trajectories and airflows, we find that there are 4 types in classification. Firstly, when an air flow is originated mainly in China values of CH4 gas are in medium ranges. Secondly, when an airflow is from both local (Korea) and China we find higher values. Thirdly, with an airflow from both local (Korea) and Japan origins medium values are recorded. Fourths)r, when an airflow of maritime origin arrives low values of atmospheric CH4 are observed at TAP.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 2019

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 were measured with Sunset Laboratory Model-5 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Field Analyzer by NIOSH/TOT method at Anmyeondo Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Regional Station (37°32'N, 127°19'E) in July and August, 2017. The mean values of OC and EC were 3.7 ㎍ m^-3 and 0.7 ㎍ m^-3, respectively. During the study period, the concentrations of reactive gases and aerosol compositions were evidently lower than those of other seasons. It is mostly due to meteorological setting of the northeast Asia, where the influence of continental outflow is at its minimum during this season under southwesterly wind. While the diurnal variation of OC and EC were not clear, the concentrations of O₃, CO, NOx, EC, and OC were evidently enhanced under easterly wind at night from 20:00 to 8:00. However, the high concentration of EC was observed concurrently with CO and NOx under northerly wind during 20:00~24:00. It indicates the influence of thermal power plant and industrial facilities, which was recognized as a major emission source during KORUS-AQ campaign. The diurnal variations of pollutants clearly showed the influence of land-sea breeze, in which OC showed good correlation between EC and O₃ in seabreeze. It is estimated to be the recirculation of pollutants in land-sea breeze cycle. This study suggests that in general, Anmyeondo station serves well as a background monitoring station. However, the variation in meteorological condition is so dynamic that it is primary factor to determine the concentrations of secondary species as well as primary pollutants at Anmyeondo station.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine various definitions of urban heat island and to analyze the characteristics and differences of each methodology by applying each methodology for deriving the heat island region to Seoul. The definition of the heat island is divided into the atmospheric heat island and the surface heat island according to the utilized temperature data. The methodology for deriving the heat island area differs depending on the comparison method and the spatial extent of the analysis. As a result of analyzing each methodology for Seoul city, it was confirmed that the heat island area of Seoul is different according to temperature data. Also, it is confirmed that the distribution range of the heat island area is different according to the spatial range of analysis. This shows that even if the heat island area is analyzed for the same space and the same view point, the heat island area is derived differently according to each methodology. This study can be used as a basic study to solve the urban heat island problem in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2007

Objective : The current literature implies that the use of short-segment pedicle screw fixation for spinal fractures is dangerous and inappropriate because of its high failure rate, but favorable results have been reported. The purpose of this study is to report the short term results of thoracolumbar burst and compression fractures treated with short-segment pedicle instrumentation. Methods : A retrospective review of all surgically managed thoracolumbar fractures during six years were performed. The 19 surgically managed patients were instrumented by the short-segment technique. Patients' charts, operation notes, preoperative and postoperative radiographs (sagittal index, sagittal plane kyphosis, anterior body compression, vertebral kyphosis, regional kyphosis), computed tomography scans, neurological findings (Frankel functional classification), and follow-up records up to 12-month follow-up were reviewed. Results : No patients showed an increase in neurological deficit. A statistically significant difference existed between the patients preoperative, postoperative and follow-up sagittal index, sagittal plane kyphosis, anterior body compression, vertebral kyphosis and regional kyphosis. One screw pullout resulted in kyphotic angulation, one screw was misplaced and one patient suffered angulation of the proximal segment on follow-up, but these findings were not related to the radiographic findings. Significant bending of screws or hardware breakage were not encountered. Conclusion : Although long term follow-up evaluation needs to verified, the short term follow-up results suggest a favorable outcome for short-segment instrumentation. When applied to patients with isolated spinal fractures who were cooperative with 3-4 months of spinal bracing, short-segment pedicle screw fixation using the posterior approach seems to provide satisfactory result.