• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.242-247
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• 2021

Purpose: Blunt cardiac injuries (BCI) have a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic myocardial contusion to cardiac rupture and death. BCIs rarely require surgical intervention, but can be rapidly fatal, requiring prompt evaluation and surgical treatment in some cases. The aim of this study was to identify potential factors associated with in-hospital mortality after surgery in patients with BCI. Methods: The medical records of 15 patients who had undergone emergency cardiac surgery for BCI between January 2014 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. We included trauma patients older than 18 years admitted to Regional Trauma Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center during the study period. Clinical and laboratory variables were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results: Non-survivors showed a significantly higher Injury Severity Score (p=0.001) and Abbreviated Injury Scale in the chest region (p=0.001) than survivors. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale Grade V injuries were significantly more common in non-survivors than in survivors (p=0.031). Non-survivors had significantly more preoperative packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions (p=0.019) and were significantly more likely to experience preoperative cardiac arrest (p=0.001) than survivors. Initial pH (p=0.010), lactate (p=0.026), and base excess (BE; p=0.026) levels showed significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Initial pH, lactate, BE, ventricular injury, the amount of preoperative PRBC transfusions, and preoperative cardiac arrest were potential predictors of in-hospital mortality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

Confronting with series of environmental problems. caused by urbanization and the constantly improving consciousness of the entire society towards environmental protection, it has become an inevitable trend to develop parks and green space planning that guided by the principle of 'respecting nature, preferring ecology' and integrate function, arts and culture of landscape design. Aiming at specific project, humanized design should be laid stress on. With fundamental functional construction serving as the base, the reflection of cultural content and regional landscape as the characters, using various landscape gardening elements reasonably to enrich space design as well as highlighting leisure and sport function and following the concept 'human-centered', parks and green space filled with natural vitality and cultural spirit can be constructed, people, city and the nature could develop together in harmony.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

The large-scale distribution of crops Is usually determined by climate. We present the results of a climate-crop prediction based on spatial bio-physical process model approach, implemented in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment using several regional and global agriculture-environmental databases. The model utilizes daily climate data like temperature, rainfall, solar radiation being generated stocastically by in-built model weather generator to determine the daily biomass and finally the crop yield. Crops are characterized by their specific growing period requirements, photosynthesis, respiration properties and harvesting index properties. Temperature and radiation during the growing period controls the development of each crop. The model simulates geographic/spatial distribution of climate by which a crop-growing belt can also be determined. The model takes both irrigated and non-irrigated area crop productivity into account and the potential increase in productivity by the technical means like mechanization is not considered. All the management input given at the base year 1995 was kept same for the next twenty-year changes until 2015. The simulated distributions of crops under current climatic conditions coincide largely with the current agricultural or specific crop growing regions. Simulation with assumed weather generated derived climate change scenario illustrate changes in the agricultural potential. There are large regional differences in the response across the country. The north-south and east-west regions responded differently with projected climate changes with increased and decreased productivity depending upon the crops and scenarios separately. When water was limiting or facilitating as non-irrigated and irrigated area crop-production effects of temperature rise and higher $CO_2$ levels were different depending on the crops and accordingly their production. Rise in temperature led to yield reduction in case of maize and rice whereas a gain was observed for wheat crop, doubled $CO_2$ concentration enhanced yield for all crops and their several combinations behaved differently with increase or decrease in yields. Finally, with this spatial modeling approach we succeeded in quantifying the crop productivity which may bring regional disparities under the different climatic scenarios where one region may become better off and the other may go worse off.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.2-17
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to seek in-depth perspectives of stakeholders on the necessity and specific criteria for designating a specialized hospital for urologic diseases. Methods: Eight participants experts in urology medicine and specialized hospital system were divided into four groups. Following the semi-structured guidelines, an in-depth interview was conducted twice and a focus group discussion was conducted three times. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. Results: The majority of participants predicted that there would be demand for specialized hospitals for urologic diseases. The criteria of designating a specialized hospital, such as the number of hospital beds and quality of health care, have to be modified in consideration of the specificity of urology. The introduction of a specialized hospital would improve the healthcare delivery system, positively affecting hospitals and patients. Furthermore, government support is essential for the maintenance of specialized hospital systems as urology hospitals experience difficulties in generating profits. Conclusion: This study is expected to be used as base data for introducing and operating a specialized hospital for urologic diseases. In addition, it is expected that the methodology and results of this study would encourage follow-up studies on specialized hospitals and provide guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of such hospitals in other medical fields.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.523-531
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• 2022

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) entails independent decision-making for the safety supervision of civil nuclear facilities. To evaluate and review the safety of nuclear facilities, the national regulatory body usually consults independent institutions or external committees. Technical Support Organizations (TSOs) include national laboratories, research institutions, and consulting organizations. Support from professional organizations in other countries may also be required occasionally. Most of the world's major nuclear power countries adopt an independent nuclear safety supervision model. Accordingly, China has continuously improved upon the construction of such a system by establishing the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) as the decision-making department for nuclear and radiation safety supervision, six regional safety supervision stations, the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center (NSC), a nuclear safety expert committee, and the National Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Technology R&D Base, which serves as the test, verification, and R&D platform for providing consultation and technical support. An R&D system, however, remains to be formed. Future endeavors must focus on improving the technical support capacity of these systems. As an enhancement from institutional independence to capability independence is necessary for ensuring the independence of China's nuclear safety regulatory institution, its regulatory capacity must be improved in the future.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.659-678
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• 2014

The study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of a high TRL solution for a wing flap segment characterized by morphable camber airfoil and properly tailored to be implemented on a real-scale regional transportation aircraft. On the base of specific aerodynamic requirements in terms of target airfoil shapes and related external loads, the structural layout of the device was preliminarily defined. Advanced FE analyses were then carried out in order to properly size the load-carrying structure and the embedded actuation system. A full scale limited span prototype was finally manufactured and tested to: ${\bullet}$ demonstrate the morphing capability of the conceived structural layout; ${\bullet}$ demonstrate the capability of the morphing structure to withstand static loads representative of the limit aerodynamic pressures expected in service; ${\bullet}$ characterize the dynamic behavior of the morphing structure through the identification of the most significant normal modes. Obtained results showed high correlation levels with respect to numerical expectations thus proving the compliance of the device with the design requirements as well as the goodness of modeling approaches implemented during the design phase.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.155-162
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• 2022

In order to practically activate women's policies, it is necessary above all to develop programs for women's empowerment and to activate women's centers, which serve as a base for promoting women's welfare. To this end, the problems of the Women's Center were considered, and the history, function, and operation aspects of the Gyeonggi Women's Center were analyzed. Looking at the results of the analysis, first, the Gyeonggi Women's Center uses its current functions to spread the awareness of gender equality, and in order to promote women's social activities and welfare, it is necessary to integrate functions and form a network from a paradigm perspective. Second, in order for the Gyeonggi Women's Center to take the lead in the role of an integrated community center, it is necessary to explore the vitalization of city and county networks. Third, the development and support of internal and external resources is necessary to establish women's governance, and the Gyeonggi Women's Center needs to be responsible for the coordinator's role. Fourth, Gyeonggi Women's Center should strive to resolve regional imbalances through close communication with the Gyeonggi Women's Center Council. Based on the results of this analysis, a plan for the Gyeonggi Women's Center was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.599-610
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• 2020

The AED (Automated External Defibrillator) is not evaluated for spatial accuracy and temporal availability even if it is located within a building or a specific area that needed necessary to partition by spatial analysis and location allocation analysis. As a result of the analysis, the spatial analysis was performed using the existing public data of AED with applied the GIS location analysis method. A public institution (119 safety center, police box) was selected as a candidate for a public AED base that can operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year according to the characteristics of each residential area. In addition, Thiessen Polygons were created for each candidate site and divided by regions. In the analysis of the service was analyzed regional in terms of accessibility to emergency medical services in consideration of the characteristics of AED, that emergency vehicles could arrive within 4 minutes of the time required for emergency medical treatment in most areas of the study area, but it did not areas outside of the city center. As a result, It was found that the operation of the AED base service center centered on vehicles of public institutions is effective for responding to AED patients at night and weekend hours. 19 Safety Center under and police box the jurisdiction of Daegu City to establish an AED service center for public institutions, location-based distance, attribute analysis, and minimization of overlapping areas that the method of using a vehicle appeared more efficient than using the existing walking type AED.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

The rural area is activated and if it does to sleep, that versatility the reading is necessary from the side which is various it sees. Only expansion or improvement of namely base facility it will have and there is not a possibility becoming the basic activation countermeasure. With this with the instance investigation against the traditional market activation which is developed the Gamgok from same background has both the quality of the rural and the city in the center it joins in and the far it will be able to complement a problem point it presents. Also it presents the activation plan which considers the regional quality which from the research which it sees relates with a traditional market to sleep and it does.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

This study classifies the types of spatio-functional differentiation in Korean island areas and analyses typical characters and suggests the development directions by each type. Eup/Myeon-level island areas are classified as six types by the factor analysis and the cluster analysis. First type is the traditional rural center. This type puts emphasis on maintaining phase as the central space and has to maximize development potential of the whole of settlement zone. Second type is the specialized region in manufacturing industry and the qualitative mutual growth of regional industries is able to be suggested. Third type is the specialized region in the neighborhood service provision. This type needs to devise the plan for utilizing potential customers actively and developing into the region specialized in tourism industry. Fourth type is the specialized region in tourism-support service functions. This type has to promote differentiated policies for maintaining amenity infra or value of countryside capital and preservation and utilization of resources by regional features. Fifth type is the fishing industry-dominated region. This type has to promote sustainable fishery development through the policy reflecting regional features and condition. Finally, sixth type is the sluggish region dominated with the traditional agriculture and fishery. This type is needed to aim at developing into the new food production base having the advantage of clean environment by strengthening support in specialized agro-fishery products. The existing researches on spatio-functional differentiation were mostly discussed with respect to land development, but this study highlights the difference in deal with the island areas distinguished from the condition of industry.