• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 2010

In this work, the effects of $Cs^+$ on root growth of 2-day-old maize seedlings were scrutinized. CsCl (5 mM - 30 mM) decreased the fresh weight of the primary root and of the shoot above the coleoptilar node. The elongation growth of the primary root was also inhibited by CsCl. The CsCl-inhibited growth was partially restored by 60 mM KCl. Lineweaver-Burk plot of the reaction in the presence and absence of 60 mM KCl displayed competitive interaction of CsCl (at higher than 10 mM). However, the Reversal of the inhibition by 60 mM KCl did not follow the competitive relationship with 5 mM CsCl, indicating the presence of differential mechanisms of $K^+$ influence depending on the concentration of CsCl. The differential effects of CsCl dependent on the concentrations were also observed in the CsCl-evoked radial expansion of the subapical region of the root. In spite of the decrease in length of the root, shrinkage of the root apical meristem was not observed. CsCl above 10 mM induced the expression of ZmKUP1, indicating functional deficiency of $K^+$ due to competition with Cs. However, the expression of ZmKUP1 by 5 mM CsCl was unclear. Conclusively, exogenously applied $Cs^+$ decreased root elongation and fresh weight and caused radial expansion of the subapical region of the primary root in 2-day-old maize seedlings by complex mechanisms including competitive and noncompetitive interactions with $K^+$. Because the shrinkage of the root apical meristem was not observed, it is concluded that the effects of CsCl on maize root growth was mainly related to cell expansion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.488-498
• /
• 2011

This study is an analysis of how national newspapers and local newspapers frame news contents over selecting of the site of International science-business belt. The results of analysis are as follows. First, in national newspapers, 'incompetent government frame' to criticize inconsistent policies and 'relapse prevention frame' were most commonly found. Second, newspapers in the region chosen as the site of an International Science-business belt and newspapers in the region not chosen showed a severe contrast in news frames. Most of news frames in the region chosen as the site of an International science-business belt were 'development frame' and 'performance frame'. On the other hand, newspapers in the region not chosen produced 'incompetent government frame' and 'protest frame' more than others. Finally, local newspapers in the area not related with the site of an International Science-business belt did not even deal with such an articles. These results show that to win large-scale national projects such as PIMFI facilities, local governments have been too much competitive and connected to a conflict.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.407-416
• /
• 2012

The primary purpose of this paper is to identify the development of education and training for the human resource development in the view of technology management. For this purpose, a research is developed based on the relevant literature reviews and empirical studies. Data have been collected from 110 firms in Daejeon city and tested by the frequency analysis and various statistical methods. The results of this empirical studies are summarized as follows. We classified in company competitive power as innovators, leading chasers and late chasers. The innovators, leading chasers and late chasers demanded the management of technology. They also demanded the middle manager, the CEO and R&D researchers as a important position in this demanding of the management of technology and its human resources of the market and technologies. Department of marketing and the executives and staff members find it important. We departmentalized the management of technology with the Daejeon region's strategic industries. Information technology(IT) industries thought that the middle manager, CEO and R&D department were important. Bio-industries thought that the CEO and the middle manager and R&D department were important. The high-tech parts materials industries thought that the middle manager, R&D department and marketing department considered as important.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.6
• /
• pp.855-862
• /
• 2010

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation types and stand structures of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon southern region for stable and sustainable forest management. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 4 communities, 2 groups, so total 6 vegetation units. Species with high constance degree were Quercus mongolica, Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Aster scaber and Fraxinus sieboldiana. In the importance value(I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers competitive broad-leaved species such as Quercus spp. were high. P. densiflora also showed large size of DBH, while broad-leaved species distributed middle and small DBH. The annual ring growths of P. densiflora and competitive broadleaved species were variable according to area, site condition, tree year and species, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.388-405
• /
• 2009

This paper examines the triple helix innovation system in the Oresund food cluster, considered as one of the most competitive food clusters in the globe. The result of the case study represents that the triple helix system of the Oresund food cluster is composed of three layers of triple helix spaces. Such three triple helix spaces play a crucial role in making the industry-university-government relationships interactive and dynamic. First, knowledge spaces in the Oresund food cluster are very strong and competitive in education and R&D capabilities in related to the food sector. 14 universities in the Oresund region are connected and coordinated by the integrated organization body, called the Oresund University. Second, the Oresund Food Network(OFN), as a central consensus space in the Oresund food cluster, functions as a pivotal organization that facilitates and coordinates cooperations between firms and universities. Third, most important innovation space in the triple helix system of Oresund food cluster can be science parks and business incubators such as Ideon Science Park, which contribute to linking, between research and commercialization, and between firms and universities in the region. In a nutshell, the Oresund food cluster has been evolved as an innovative regional cluster on the basis of well-established three-layered triple helix spaces of regional innovation system.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.30
• /
• pp.143-176
• /
• 2012

We are witnessing the growing maritime tension on the East Asian sea these days. Each naval powers in the region are competing each other to acquire more advanced naval capabilities. Based upon the rapid economic development, China is actively beefing up its naval capabilities and expand its boundary of naval activities all over the East Asian region. Chinese Navy already unveiled its expansive naval strategy replacing the traditional concept of 'Near-Sea Defense' with the new concept of 'Far-Sea Defense' strategy. In response to potential rival's naval build up, the U.S. is redeploying its naval forces focusing on the Asia-Pacific region. The U.S. enhances its joint naval exercises with the countries in the region, such as Japan, India, Australia and so on. In addition, Washington is devising new naval strategy under the concept of 'Air-Sea Battle' to deter Peking's so-called 'Anti-Access/ Area Denial(A2AD)' strategy. As a close ally of the U.S., Japan also disclosed its clear intention to strengthen the Maritime Self Defense Force(MSDF)'s capabilities by introducing the new concept of 'Dynamic Defense Force' in 2011. Under the new concept, JMSDF is pursuing the additional acquisition of submarines, quasi-aircraft carriers, Aegis-equipped destroyers, etc. Under the new president's strong leadership, Russia is also invigorating the naval build-up. Especially, Russia is fortifying the Pacific Fleet's naval assets by deploying new-type of naval ships such as the Mistral which was imported from France. In the midst of competitive naval build-up among the major naval powers in the region, we are observing the growing maritime conflicts on the East China Sea as well as South China Sea. Those naval conflicts can pose severe threats to our national interests. Maritime conflicts on the East or South China Sea can imperil our sea lanes which will be indispensible for national economic development. Neighboring countries' maritime conflicts also will cast an uncertainty on the path to mobilize international cooperation to resolve the North Korean issues. We should contribute to ease the maritime tension in the region by various ways. First, we should actively galvanize the bilateral maritime dialogue among the major naval powers in the region. Second, we also should take the lead to form a multilateral maritime cooperation mechanism in the region. Above all, we should set the aim to be a peaceful maritime power who can contribute to a building of stable maritime order in the region with a considerable naval power.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.155-187
• /
• 1999

The East Asian Region has experienced remarkable economic growth and transformation of interurban networking over the past three decades, and urban competiti veness for a networking hub in this region has become a critical issue confronting cities. Competitiveness of the Seoul capital region for a networking hub in Northeast Asia is outstripped by other competing cities in East Asia, notwithstanding its geo-politically and geo-economically advantageous location in this region. In this paper, we aim to appraise the Seoul capital region's competitiveness in terms of logistics distribution, financial function and logistics distribution, financial function and agglomeration of transnational corporations (especially of RHOs and other managerial functions), and to advance the networking strategies of the region for a Northeast Asia hyb. As a result of analysis, we suggest that the Seoul capital region be developed as a Northeast Asian center for regional headquarters or leading global corporations and financial services for being a strategic nodal point in Northeast Asia in the 21st century. A recent survey shows that where to locate an RHQ is influenced by various factors, such as potential market and manufacturing site in the city's hinterland, quality of life, such things as culture, health, safety, education, a well-educated, English-speaking population, reliable air transport, state-of-the-art communications, and an active policy to offer foreign companies generous incentives. The Seoul capital region, which is located at a strategic nodal point advantageous as a springboard for its Northeast Asian hinterland, cannot meet the other conditions mentioned above. To overcome these drawbacks in attracting transnational capital and to create competitiveness as a strategic hub of RHQs in Northeast Asia, it is urgent to initiate a structural reform of the Korean economy, politics, and overall society, to minimize the regulation of FDI, and to provide various incentives for foreign investment. Moreover, we propose the construction of an 'International Business Town' in the Seoul capital region, as a medium to intermediate these strategies and to shape them in a spatial scale. The projected 'International Business Town(IBT)' will be a 'free city' open to international business in which liberal economic activities are guaranteed by special legislation and administration, infrastructures needed for international and improved accessibility to the airport are furnished, and the preference of foreign high-income investors for cultural and living environment are satisfactorily met. IBT is conspicuously differentiated from a raft of other cities' incentives in that it combines deregulation and incentive programs to attract the investment of transnational capital, with a spatial program of offering an urban environment preferred by the high-income investors for cultural and living environment are satisfactorily met. IBT is conspicuously differentiated from a raft of other cities' incentives in that it combines deregulation and incentive programs to attract the investment of transnational capita, with a spatial program of offering an urban environment preferred by the high-income and managerial class. Furthermore, it can be an excellent way of overcoming the xenophobia that has spread among the Korean population by concentrating foreign businesses and their lifestyles in a specific foreign businesses and their lifestyles in a specific zone. In conclusion, 'International Business Town', in line with other legislative and administrative incentive programs, will function as a driving force to make the Seoul capital regional more competitive as a regional business hub in Northeast Asia.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1999

Port competition is generally classified into two type of inter-domestic ports and intermational ports and the latter is measured how to secure the function of intermediacy for foreign cargoes among competing parts. In the Northeast Asia top 20 world container ports such as Pusan, Kobe, Yokohama and Kaohsiung are struggling to induce transshipment containers generated in the North China region. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the competitive factors of the said ports such as port site facilities expenses service level and flexibility of management and operations and suggest the feasible strategies that the Pusan Port to be viable transshipment center in the region. The evaluation is attempted twice. First attempt is evaluated by present conditions of each port and second attempt by upgraded conditions of evaluation value such as port service level and flexibility of port management and operations resulted from the implementation of the ON-DOCK service system. The results of evaluation are as follows; (1) Port competitiveness of first evaluation is ranked in Kobe=Kaohsiung >Pusan>Yokohama. (2) Second evaluation is resulted in Kobe> Pusan= Kaohsiung>Yokohama. According to this results the competitiveness edge of the Pusan Port is able to strengthen by implementation of the ON-DOCk system.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.6-13
• /
• 2012

As ocean resources in shallow water areas are being exhausted, deep sea development is becoming common these days. Therefore floating type offshore structures are more competitive than fixed type structures, and FPSO is the most popular one these days. FPSO's are generally operated in a specific region and positioned to meet mostly head or bow waves in order to reduce roll motions. However this makes these vessels more vulnerable to green water around the bow region, and therefore the bow shape must be properly designed to mitigate green water damage. In the present study, experimental results for three different FPSO bow shapes in regular head waves were analyzed and compared to each other. Also CFD computations were carried out as a sample validation case for the database built for CFD code validation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.292-297
• /
• 2010

The Economic region, the strategy for regional development, is a global trend and has become the blue ocean. Korea has also moved forward with the concept of economic region as the strategy for regional development. So, The main purpose of this study is to find the strategies to improve the regional R&D competitive power and making regional R&D support system. As a goal of regional innovation and regional economic development, the business adds new jobs and new products, resulting in growth of the community.