• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children. Achalasia occurs less commonly but has similar symptoms to GERD. A nine-year old boy presented with vomiting, heartburn, and nocturnal cough. The esophageal impedance-pH monitor revealed nonacidic GERD (all-refluxate clearance percent time of 20.9%). His symptoms persisted despite medical treatment for GERD, and he was lost to follow up. Four years later, he presented with heartburn, solid-food dysphagia, daily post-prandial vomiting, and failure to thrive. Endoscopy showed a severely dilated esophagus with candidiasis. High-resolution manometry was performed, and he was diagnosed with classic achalasia (also known as type I). His symptoms resolved after two pneumatic dilatation procedures, and his weight and height began to catch up to his peers. Clinicians might consider using high-resolution manometry in children with atypical GERD even after evaluation with an impedance-pH monitor.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2011

Purpose: The Roux en Y method has rarely been performed due to longer operation time and high risk of complication, despite several merits including prevention of bile reflux. We conducted a retrospective review of the result of Roux en Y reconstruction using two circular staplers after subtotal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: From December 2008 to May 2009, a total of 26 patients underwent Roux en Y reconstruction using two circular staplers after subtotal gastrectomy, and seventy-two patients underwent Billroth-I reconstruction. Roux en Y anastomosis was performed using two circular staplers without hand sewing anastomosis. We compared clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes between the two groups. All patients underwent gastrofiberscopy between six and twelve months after surgery to compare the bile reflux. Results: No significant differences in clinicopathologic findings were observed between the two groups, except for the rate of minimal invasive surgery (P=0.004) and cancer stage (P=0.002). No differences in the rate of morbidity (P=0.353) and admission duration (P=0.391) were observed between the two groups. Gastrofiberscopic findings showed a significant reduction of bile reflux in the remnant stomach in the Roux en Y group (P=0.019). Conclusions: When compared with Billroth-I reconstruction, Roux en Y reconstruction using the double stapler technique was found to reduce bile reflux in the remnant stomach without increasing postoperative morbidity. Based on these results, we planned to begin a randomized controlled clinical trial for comparison of Roux en Y reconstruction using this method with Billroth-I anastomosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2017

Purpose: Although Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction after distal gastrectomy has several advantages, such as prevention of bile reflux into the remnant stomach, it is rarely used because of the technical difficulty. This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to show the efficacy of a novel method of R-Y reconstruction involving the use of 2 circular staplers by comparing this novel method to Billroth-I (B-I) reconstruction. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 patients were randomly allocated into the R-Y (59 patients) and B-I reconstruction (59 patients) groups. R-Y anastomosis was performed using two circular staplers and no hand sewing. The primary end-point of this clinical trial was the reflux of bile into the remnant stomach evaluated using endoscopic and histological findings at 6 months after surgery. Results: No significant differences in clinicopathological findings were observed between the 2 groups. Although anastomosis time was significantly longer for the patients of the R-Y group (P<0.001), no difference was detected between the 2 groups in terms of the total surgery duration (P=0.112). Endoscopic findings showed a significant reduction of bile reflux in the remnant stomach in the R-Y group (P<0.001), and the histological findings showed that reflux gastritis was more significant in the B-I group than in the R-Y group (P=0.026). Conclusions: The results of this randomized controlled clinical trial showed that compared with B-I reconstruction, R-Y reconstruction using circular staplers is a safe and feasible procedure. This clinical trial study was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (registration No. NCT01142271).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the long-term functional and patient-reported outcomes between intra-corporeal delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy and gastrojejunostomy after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathological data from 616 patients who had undergone laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer between January 2015 and September 2020. Among them, 232 patients who had undergone delta-shaped anastomosis and another 232 who had undergone Billroth II anastomosis were matched using propensity scores. Confounding variables included age, sex, body mass index, physical status classification, tumor location, and T classification. Postoperative complications, nutritional outcomes, endoscopic findings, and quality of life (QoL) were compared between the 2 groups. Results: No significant differences in postoperative complications or nutritional parameters between the two groups were observed. Annual endoscopic findings revealed more residual food and less bile reflux in the delta group (P<0.001) than in the Billroth II group. Changes of QoL were significantly different regarding emotional function, insomnia, diarrhea, reflux symptoms, and dry mouth (P=0.007, P=0.002, P=0.013, P=0.001, and P=0.03, respectively). Among them, the delta group had worse insomnia, reflux symptoms, and dry mouth within three months postoperatively. Conclusions: Long-term nutritional outcomes and QoL were comparable between the delta and Billroth II groups. However, more residual food and worse short-term QoL regarding insomnia, reflux symptoms, and dry mouth were observed in the delta group. Longer fasting time before endoscopic evaluation and short-term symptom management would have been helpful for the delta group.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Radiofrequency treatment of the gastroesophageal junction using the Stretta procedure for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is observed to improve the symptoms and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dependence and reduce the need for anti-reflux operations. As one of the largest studies in Europe, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of Stretta in patients with medically refractory GERD. Methods: A tertiary UK center evaluated all patients with refractory GERD who underwent Stretta between 2014 and 2022. Patients and primary care professionals were contacted to obtain information regarding the initiation of PPI and reintervention after Stretta. Results: Of the 195 patients (median age, 55 years; 116 women [59.5%]) who underwent Stretta, PPI-free period (PFP) data were available for 144 (73.8%) patients. Overall, 66 patients (45.8%) did not receive PPI after a median follow-up of 55 months. Six patients (3.1%) underwent further interventions. The median PFP after Stretta was 41 months. There was a significant negative correlation between PFP and age (p=0.007), with no differences between sexes (p=0.96). Patients younger than 55 years of age had a longer PFP than their older counterparts (p=0.005). Younger males had a significantly longer PFP than older males (p=0.021). However, this was not observed in the female cohort (p=0.09) or between the younger men and women (p=0.66). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Stretta is a safe and feasible option for treating refractory GERD, especially in younger patients. It prevents further anti-reflux interventions in most patients and increases the lead-time to surgery in patients with refractory GERD.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2007

목적 : 소아의 일차성 방광요관역류는 요로감염과 이로 인한 신손상의 위험성이 높지만 방광이 성장함에 따라 자연 소실되거나 호전되는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 일차성 방광요관역류의 임상적 특성과 자연소실율 및 그와 관련된 인자들을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1991년 10월부터 2003년 7월까지 본원 소아과에서 일차성 방광요관 역류로 진단되어 예방적 저용량 항생제 치료를 받았던 총 149명 소아를 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 조사하였다. 대상 환아들은 12-18개월마다 동위원소 방광요도 조영술을 실시하여 역류가 소실되지 않은 경우 3년 이상 추적 검사하였다. 결과 : 대상 환아 149명 중 남아는 73.2%로 여아보다 많았고, 1세 미만은 69.1%로 이 중 남아가 86.4%로 대부분이었다. 역류의 진단 당시 평균 연령은 $16.1{\pm}21.1$개월이었고, 임상 양상으로는 요로 감염이 91.3%로 가장 많았다. 역류의 자연 소실 median time은 24개월이었고, 총 3년 누적소실율은 61.7%였다. 역류의 자연 소실과 관련된 인자들 중 남아, 1세 미만 영아, 낮은 역류의 등급, 일측성 역류, 산전 초음파상 수신증이 있어 역류가 진단된 경우, 형제간에 역류의 가족력이 없었던 경우, 진단당시 신 스캔상 신피질 결손이 없었던 경우, 추적 검사상 요로감염 재발 및 신손상이 없었던 경우의 자연 소실율이 더 높았다. 단변량 분석과 다변량 분석을 이용하여 역류의 자연소실과 독립적으로 관련된 유의한 인자들로는 1세 미만 영아 relative risk 1.77(P<0.05), 낮은 역류 등급(I+II) 2.98(P<0.05), 추적 중 신반흔 형성이 없는 군2.23(P<0.05), 신위축이 없는 군 5.20(P<0.01)이었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과 소아의 일차성 방광 요관 역류는 높은 자연 소실율을 보였으며, 특히 영아기에 진단된 경우 IV 등급 이상의 높은 등급에서도 자연 소실율이 높아 조기의 수술적 치료는 피하고 약물요법을 지속하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 역류의 자연 소실은 진단 당시 연령, 역류의 등급과 추적 검사상 신반흔 및 신위축의 유무와 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.843-847
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• 2001

배경: 식도질환의 수술 후 식도재건술은 아직도 식도수술에 관여하는 외과의사에게 해결해야 될 부분이 많이 있다. 1996년 1월부터 1999년 12월가지 흉부식도암환자 27명에서 흉부식도절제술 후 15예의 식도-위 문합술과 12예의 유리총장 이식술을 시행하였다. 저자들은 식도암 수술 후 문합부 누출, 문합부위의 협착, 역류성식도염, 수술시간, 호흡기 합병증 등을 양 군을 나누어 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 고식적 우회술 또는 식도인공삽입술, 인두식도와 식도 위 결합부위의 암은 본 연구에서 제외하였다. 우측 개흉술로 식도를 절제하였고, 자동봉합기를 사용하여 식도-위 문합을 시행하였다. 유리공장이식술의 경우 근위부의 식도는 6예에서 자동봉합기를 사용하였으며, 6예의 근위부와 12예의 원위부는 수기통합하였다. 모든 식도 재건술은 후종격동을 경유하였다. 결과: 3예의 수술사망을 포함하여 3예의 문합부 누출, 2예의 이식공장괴사 등 중한 합병증과 11예의 역류성 식도염, 5예의 문합부 협착이 발생되었다. 식도-위 문합술의 평균 수술시간은 300$\pm$160분, 유리공장이식술은 550$\pm$280분이었다. 결론: 역류성 식도염은 식도-위 문합군에서 더 많았고, 수술시간은 유리공장이식군에서 더 길었다(p<0.05). 적절한 환자의 선택과 장시간의 수술에 따르는 술 후 합병증을 줄일 수 있다면, 식도재건수술후의 역류식도염을 감소시키는 수술로 유리공장이식술이 우수하다고 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

Objectives： This study is experimental comparison of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) on upper gastrointestinal diseases animal models.Methods： The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups of six animals each (Normal mice, gastritis mice, gastritis mice treated with BR, gastritis mice treated with 48h GBR). Gastritis was induced by administration of 0.5 mL 150 mM HCl-60% ethanol. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups after 1 week adaptation. (Normal rat, reflux esophagitis (RE) rat, RE rat treated with BR, RE rat treated with 24,30,36,48h GBR). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligation with a 2-0 silk thread both the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in SD rats.Results： HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of 48h GBR than BR. Optical changes such as hyperemia and multiple erosions were observed in the rats with RE and damage to the normal rats was not apparent. The oral administration of GBR significantly diminished against gross mucosal damage in a germination time-dependent manner. Also, the administration of GBR suppressed the biomarker of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in serum. However, the administration of GBR could not affect to the pH level secreted from stomach when compared with Control group.Conclusions： These findings suggest that GBR could have improving effects on upper gastrointestinal diseases in a germination time-dependent manner.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2005

목 적: 병적 위식도 역류 환자에서 후두인두부 산도를 검사하여 후두인두부 역류와 호흡기 증상과의 상관관계를 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2003년 2월부터 2004년 9월까지 잦은 구토 등 위식도 역류가 의심되는 증상이 있거나 만성 재발성 호흡기 증상이 있어 24시간 후두인두부와 식도에서 산도 검사를 실시한 39명 중 병적 위식도 역류를 보인 29명을 대상으로 하였다. 병적 위식도 역류의 기준은 95백분위수 이상 역류 지표를 병적 역 류로 정의하였고, 후두부 인두 산 역류의 기준은 식도에서 pH 4 이하로 떨어짐과 동시에 후두부 인두에서 pH가 4 이하로 떨어지는 것으로 정의하였다. 결 과: 1. 산도 검사를 실시한 39명에서 호흡기 증상이 있는 7명 중 6명(86.%), 호흡기 증상이 없는 32명 중 23명(72%)에서 병적 위식도 역류를 보였다. 2. 호흡기 증상으로는 반복되는 폐렴 2명, 크룹 1명, 후두연화증 1명, 천식 2명 등이었다. 3. 호흡기 증상을 동반한 병적 역류군에서 후두인두부와 식도의 역류 지표를 비교하면 5분 이상 지속된 역류의 횟수 제외한 역류 지수, 총 역류 횟수, 최 장 역류 시간 등에서 통계학적으로 의의있는 차이를 보였다. 4. 호흡기 증상을 동반하지 않은 병적 역류군에서 후두인두부와 식도의 모든 역류 지표들이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 5. 식도에서 호흡기 증상을 동반한 병적 역류군과 호흡기 증상을 동반하지 않은 병적 역류군의 역류지표를 비교하면 총 역류 횟수를 제외한 역류 지수, 최장 역류 시간, 5분 이상 지속된 역류의 횟수에서 통계학적 의의가 없었다. 6. 후두부 인두에서 호흡기 증상을 동반한 병적 역류군과 호흡기 증상을 동반하지 않은 병적 역류군의 역류 지표를 비교하면 모든 항목에서 통계학적 의의가 없었다. 결 론: 병적 위식도 역류 환자에서 호흡기 증상 유무와 관계없이 후두인두부의 산도 검사 결과는 통계학적 의의가 없으므로 만성 호흡기 질환에서 후두인두부 역류와의 상관관계의 규명에 후두인두부 산도 검사의 유용성에 대한 재고가 필요하다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of cardia preserving proximal gastrectomy, in early gastric cancer of the upper third. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 patients were diagnosed with early gastric cancer of the upper third through endoscopic biopsy. The operation time, length of resection free margin, number of resected lymph nodes and postoperative complications, gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional status, anastomotic stricture, and recurrence were examined. Results: There were 5 males and 5 females. The mean age was $56.5{\pm}0.5$ years. The mean operation time was $188.5{\pm}0.5$ minutes (laparoscopic operation was 270 minutes). Nine patients were T1 stage (T2 : 1), and N stage was all N0. The mean number of resected lymph nodes was $25.2{\pm}0.5$. The length of proximal resection free margin was $3.1{\pm}0.1$ cm and distal was $3.7{\pm}0.1$ cm. Early complications were surgical site infection (1), bleeding (1), and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (1) (this symptom was improved with medication). Late complications were dyspepsia (3) (this symptom was improved without any treatment), and others were nonspecific results of endoscopy or symptom. Conclusions: Cardia preserving proximal gastrectomy was feasible for early gastric cancer of the upper third. Further evaluation and prospective research will be required.