• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.189-215
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• 2012

This paper reads Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) in light of the 18th-century understanding of 'sympathy' including those of Hume and Smith and also in light of what Michael Hardt in our century has called "affective labor." I argue that the imaginative capacity and "seeing" are crucial in understanding Smith's idea of 'sympathy.' By showing how the monster's ugliness precludes any human character from sympathizing with him, Mary Shelley exposes that Smith's idea of sympathy fails to maintain social harmony. Mary Shelley revises Smith's 'sympathy' and makes it more radical by suggesting that the active affective labor could bridge the epistemological distance lying between the agent concerned and the impartial spectator. I first read Smith's idea of sympathy as an imaginative capacity which is inevitably influenced by 'seeing' and visual perception. Then I analyze the scenes in which the creature in Frankenstein fails to acquire any human sympathy due to his ugliness, and show how the specular nature of 'sympathy' is disrupted when one party is visually ugly and deformed. I conclude that affective labor and active moral reflection on the part of the spectator need to be provided when the agent concerned is 'ugly' and thus challenges our habitual epistemological boundary. Shelley's re-evaluation of Smith's sympathy, thus, suggests that affective labor may not be something that women alone have to perform, but an ethical practice that concerns all human beings and that can transform the otherwise flawed human capacity for sympathy.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.315-337
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• 2011

This paper aims to examine a truth about love - the close relationship between a person's passionate love and that same person's loneliness and suppressed desires, a relationship that Carson McCullers (1917-1967) portrays in The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. McCullers, one of several brilliant writers from Southern America, managed to overcome her cruel situation and showed deep insight into the human condition, particularly in regard to the relation between love and isolation. The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, like her other works, examines the spiritual isolation and the agony of love that three lovers experience. The love in this story is a triangular relationship among the three main characters, Amelia, Lymon and Marvin Macy. The distinctive characteristics of love described in this story are that each character falls into blind and passionate love for the person he/she loves, no matter how the beloved responds. Love also changes the lover, not the beloved, revealing the completely opposite nature of the lover. The opposite nature and the inner secrets that the love reveals about the lovers reflect their frustrated and suppressed desires, which is femininity and motherhood for Amelia, non-violent masculine power for Macy, and physical attraction and power for the hunchback, Lymon. These suppressed desires are rooted in the deep sense of frustration that they had to experience in their childhood. In short, the seemingly unconditional love of the main characters is not an ideal, altruistic love, but a reflection of their inner desires. This story, however, does not seem to criticize this kind of love but simply tries to give an honest picture of what love might be. It also admits that 'deformed' love is still better than no love (and consequently no stimulus) because what really damages and causes decay in human beings and in a community, is the state of boredom.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.64
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• pp.145-171
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• 2020

Christian communities have long sought to find what type of moral judgment is appropriate and what the Christian behavior is, by taking the church's ethical norms and behavior patterns as objects of reflection. In the same context, Christian education also tried to base the psychological rationalism of J. Piaget and L. Kohlberg, but the reason-centered structural development theory was not the answer. In fact, the structural development theory, which emphasized autonomy while excluding emotions from the moral judgment process, over-emphasizing cognition or reason, eventually led to moral relativism, unlike what was intended. In addition, it was criticized for not being able to adequately elucidate the gap between human moral reasoning and behavior, and for attempting to interpret morality excessively within the context of social culture. Recently, these limitations of structural developmental theory have been reinterpreted by neuroethics, especially moral psychology theories, which claim that moral judgment ability is physically wired in the brain and relies heavily on networks between cortical and limbic system. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the newly emerged research themes of neuroethics, and then to discuss two main theories that explain morality in the perspective of neuroethics and the implications that Christian education should pay attention to.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

In this paper, we design an acoustic meta-material silencer that operates at low frequency to reduce noise in duct. A high refractive index meta-material silencer is demonstrated with a combination of zigzag structured thin waveguide and helmholtz resonator, which reduces the speed of sound. Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis via thermo-viscous acoustic mesh is performed in order to calculate thermo-viscous dissipation in sub-wavelength waveguide. Sound power reflection, transmission and absorption coefficients are obtained utilizing 4-Microphone Method. The results show that cut-off frequency and transmission loss can be controlled through adjusting intervals of the zigzag structures. A wide-band acoustic silencer is also suggested by connecting meta-materials in series or parallel.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.619-627
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• 2021

Recent advance in low cost and light-weight drones has extended their application areas in both military and private sectors. Accordingly surveillance program against unfriendly drones has become an important issue. Drone detection and classification technique has long been emphasized in order to prevent attacks or accidents by commercial drones in urban areas. Most commercial drones have small sizes and low reflection and hence typical sensors that use acoustic, infrared, or radar signals exhibit limited performances. Recently, artificial intelligence algorithm has been actively exploited to enhance radar image identification performance. In this paper, we adopt machined learning algorithm for high resolution radar imaging in drone detection and classification applications. For this purpose, simulation is carried out against commercial drone models and compared with experimental data obtained through high resolution radar field test.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.9-13
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• 2022

In this paper, the tracking error of monopulse radar caused by cross-eye jamming using terrain bounce is analyzed. Cross-eye jamming is a method of generating an error in a radar tracking system by simultaneously transmitting two signals with different phases and amplitudes. When the monopulse radar receives the cross-eye jamming signal generated by the terrain bounce, a tracking error occurs in the elevation direction. In the presence of multipath, this signal is a combination of the direct target return and a return seemingly emanating from the target image beneath the terrain surface. Terrain bounce jamming has the advantage of using a single jammer, but the space affecting the jamming is limited by the terrain reflection angle and the degree of scattering of the terrain. This study can be usefully used to protect ships from low-altitude missiles or aircraft in the sea.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2021

Because solar panels of normal satellites are faced to the sun, the power generation by the Earth Albedo is almost neglected in satellite's power analysis. However, many cubesats don't have deployable solar panels and in this case the Earth Albedo is not negligible because solar panels are in six sides facing different directions. In this paper, we calculated satellite's power generation by the Earth Albedo. We divided the Earth's surface into grids based on polar coordinate system. We modeled power generation in each solar cell by reflection on these grids. We simulated 1 U cubesat which flies in sun synchronous orbit and 500 km altitude so that we calculated satellite's power generation by the Earth Albedo.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2022

Due to the increasing number of wireless communication devices in mmWave frequency bands, there is a high demand for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and heat dissipating materials to avoid device malfunctions. This paper proposes an EMI shielding composite film with a high heat dissipation characteristic. To achieve this, a conductive grid is integrated with a polymer-based composite layer including magnetic and heat dissipating filler materials. A high shielding effectiveness (>40 dB), low reflection shielding effectiveness (<3 dB), high thermal conductivity (>10 W/m·K), thin thickness (<500 ㎛) are simultaneously achieved with a tailored design of composite layer compositions and grid geometries in 5G communication band of 26.5 GHz.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2022

In this paper, We analyze elementary school teachers' experiences of Novel Engineering classes with phenomenological qualitative research method. The purpose of this study is to find out why elementary school teachers were interested in Novel Engineering, to find out the pros and cons of the class and the possibility of convergence classes. At first elementary teachers who participated in the study conducted a theme-based ecological sensitivity classes with Novel Engineering in the second semester of 2021. Then we conducted interview with teacher's student observation and the teacher's reflection. As a result of interview analysis, 4 components and 13 sub-components were derived. The derived components are learning from mistakes, recognition of the importance of class research, creativity in the making process, and high integration of Novel Engineering and existing subjects. Based on these results, What this research suggests is the expansion of administrative and financial support for teachers' autonomous class research and convergence classes such as Novel Engineering.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.259-282
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• 2022

This article examines features and implications of 'new northeast phenomenon' in China's new normal period. Different from previous studies with economy as a single factor, this paper regards the northeast phenomenon as not an single economic phenomenon but a compound socio economic phenomenon that economic, demographic and financial issues are linked together. This study finds that since 2014 decline of economic growth, deepening of population decline and brain drain, accelerated aging, the increase in fiscal deficit and a surge in social security spending, these phenomena occur simultaneously and influence each other, forming a vicious cycle in northeast China, and also finds that the difficulty of 'new northeast phenomenon' lies in this compound features. If so, what are the implications of 'new northeast phenomenon's' these features for China as a whole? This study proposes two points. First, based on the recent changes in some relevant situations in China, northeast region can be regarded as a microcosm of China, northeast phenomenon is likely to spread to other regions of China in the near future, it will become a common phenomenon all over China. Second, the emergence of the 'new northeast phenomenon' in the new normal period requires deep reflection and rethinking about the fundamental effect of the regional development strategies, such as 'The Development of the Western Region', 'The Rise of Central China', 'The revitalization of the Northeast', implemented since the reform and development. The 'new northeast phenomenon' has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved by the Chinese government, if the solution is successful, it can be a very useful direction for reconstructing regional development strategies in contemporary China.