• Title/Summary/Keyword: Reflectance difference

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A Study on the Pet Soil Removal Effect of Washing Conditions Using a Chemiluminescence Reaction (화학발광 반응을 이용한 세탁조건별 반려동물 오구 제거효과 연구)

  • Park, Jung-Eun;Lee, Jungsoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.840-851
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we used a chemiluminescence reaction to investigate the removal effect of pet soil, such as dog blood, urine and feces. The soiled fabrics were washed with a standard laundry course of 30℃ and a washing time of 30 min and a pet care laundry course of 40-60℃ and a washing time of 100 min. The detergency was evaluated by the surface reflectance and chemiluminescence reaction (bloodstain detection by luminol test and urine-stain and feces-stain detection by UV blacklight test) before and after washing. The surface reflectance results did not show any difference in detergency for both courses, whereas the chemiluminescence reaction did. The detergency of the pet care course compared to the standard course was 101% according to the surface reflectance and 120% according to the chemiluminescence reaction. Therefore, residual stains not detected by surface reflectance can be evaluated through chemiluminescence reaction, and it was confirmed that pet stains can be managed more hygienically by washing for a long time at a high temperature.

Effect of a Sudden Increase in Light Intensity on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Reflected from Leaves of Tobacco (급격한 광도 변화가 담배 잎에서 반사되는 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index에 미치는 영향)

  • Suh, Kyehong
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.543-547
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    • 2017
  • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has played an important role in assessing green plant biomass through remote sensing on global scale since the early 1970s. The concept of NDVI is based on the fact that green plants show higher reflection in near-infrared region than in visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, it is well known that the relocation of chloroplasts in plant leaf cells may dramatically change the optical properties of plant leaves. In this study I traced the changes in the reflectance and transmittance properties of Tobacco leaves at the wavelengths of 660 and 800 nm after a sudden increase in light intensity. The results showed that NDVI of leaves gradually decreased from 72.7% to 69.9% when exposed to a sudden increase in light intensity from 30 to $1,200{\mu}mol/m^2{\cdot}s$. This means that the error resulting from the physiological status of the plant should be accounted for a more precise understanding of ground truth corresponding to the data from the remotely acquired images.

The Growth Mode of Cu Atoms on Cu(110) and Oxygen-covered Cu(110) Surfaces by Reflectance Difference Spectroscopy (RDS를 의한 Cu(110)와 산소가 흡착된 Cu(110) 표면에 Cu의 성장 모드)

  • Kim S. H.;Sun L. D.
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2006
  • The changes in the optical anisotropy of the clean Cu(110) and the oxygen covered Cu(110) surfaces due to Cu growth have been studied by reflectance difference spectroscopy(RDS). We have monitored the growth mode of Cu atoms on Cu(110) and Cu(110)-(2XlO surfaces at 250K and checked the surfactant effect of oxygen during the Cu growth. For Cu grow on Cu(110) and Cu(110)-(2Xl)O surface at low temperature, we observed evidence for the layer-by-layer growth mode with change of 4.25eV peak intensity.

Validation of Surface Reflectance Product of KOMPSAT-3A Image Data Using RadCalNet Data (RadCalNet 자료를 이용한 다목적실용위성 3A 영상 자료의 지표 반사도 성과 검증)

  • Lee, Kiwon;Kim, Kwangseob
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.36 no.2_1
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    • pp.167-178
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    • 2020
  • KOMPSAT-3A images have been used in various kinds of applications, since its launch in 2015. However, there were limits to scientific analysis and application extensions of these data, such as vegetation index estimation, because no tool was developed to obtain the surface reflectance required for analysis of the actual land environment. The surface reflectance is a product of performing an absolute atmospheric correction or calibration. The objective of this study is to quantitatively verify the accuracy of top-of-atmosphere reflectance and surface reflectance of KOMPSAT-3A images produced from the OTB open-source extension program, performing the cross-validation with those provided by a site measurement data of RadCalNet, an international Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) portal. Besides, surface reflectance was obtained from Landsat-8 OLI images in the same site and applied together to the cross-validation process. According to the experiment, it is proven that the top-of-atmosphere reflectance of KOMPSAT-3A images differs by up to ± 0.02 in the range of 0.00 to 1.00 compared to the mean value of the RadCalNet data corresponding to the same spectral band. Surface reflectance in KOMPSAT-3A images also showed a high degree of consistency with RadCalNet data representing the difference of 0.02 to 0.04. These results are expected to be applicable to generate the value-added products of KOMPSAT-3A images as analysisready data (ARD). The tools applied in thisstudy and the research scheme can be extended as the new implementation of each sensor model to new types of multispectral images of compact advanced satellites (CAS) for land, agriculture, and forestry and the verification method, respectively.

High-Resolution Sentinel-2 Imagery Correction Using BRDF Ensemble Model (BRDF 앙상블 모델을 이용한 고해상도 Sentinel-2 영상 보정)

  • Hyun-Dong Moon;Bo-Kyeong Kim;Kyeong-Min Kim;Subin Choi;Euni Jo;Hoyong Ahn;Jae-Hyun Ryu;Sung-Won Choi;Jaeil Cho
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.6_1
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    • pp.1427-1435
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    • 2023
  • Vegetation indices based on selected wavelength reflectance measurements are used to represent crop growth and physiological conditions. However, the anisotropic properties of the crop canopy surface can govern spectral reflectance and vegetation indices. In this study, we applied an ensemble of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models to high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and compared the differences between correction results before and after reflectance. In the red and near-infrared (NIR) band reflectance images, BRDF-corrected outlier values appeared in certain urban and paddy fields of farmland areas and forest shadow areas. These effects were equally observed when calculating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 2-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2). Furthermore, the outlier values in corrected NIR band were shown in pixels shadowed by mountain terrain. These results are expected to contribute to the development and improvement of BRDF models in high-resolution satellite images.

Study on the Method of Diagnosing the Individuals Crop Growth Using by Multi-Spectral Images

  • Dongwon Kwon;Jaekyeong Baek;Wangyu Sang;Sungyul Chang;Jung-Il Cho;Ho-young Ban;HyeokJin Bak
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.108-108
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    • 2022
  • In this study, multispectral images of wheat according to soil water state were collected, compared, and analyzed to measure the physiological response of crops to environmental stress at the individual level. CMS-V multi-spectral camera(Silios Technologies) was used for image acquisition. The camera lens consists of eight spectral bands between 550nm and 830nm. Light Reflective information collected in each band sensor and stored in digital values, and it is converted into a reflectance for calculating the vegetation index and used. According to the camera manual, the NDVI(Normalized Difference vegetation index) value was calculated using 628 nm and 752 nm bands. Image measurement was conducted under natural light conditions, and reflectance standards(Labsphere) were captured with plants for reflectance calculation. The wheat variety used Gosomil, and the wheat grown in the field was transplanted into a pot after heading date and measured. Three treatments were performed so that the soil volumetric water content of the pot was 13~17%, 20~23%, and 25%, and the growth response of wheat according to each treatment was compared using the NDVI value. In the first measurement after port transplantation, the difference in NDVI value according to treatment was not significant, but in the subsequent measurement, the NDVI value of the treatment with a water content of 13 to 17% was lowest and was the highest at 20 to 23%. The NDVI values decreased compared to the first measurement in all treatment, and the decrease was the largest at 13-17% water content and the smallest at 20-23%. Although the difference in NDVI values could be confirmed, it would be difficult to directly relate it to the water stress of plants, and further research on the response of crops to environmental stress and the analysis of multi-spectral image will be needed.

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An Analysis of Spectral Pattern for Detecting Pine Wilt Disease Using Ground-Based Hyperspectral Camera (지상용 초분광 카메라를 이용한 소나무재선충병 감염목 분광 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jung Bin;Kim, Eun Sook;Lee, Seung Ho
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.665-675
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    • 2014
  • In this paper spectral characteristics and spectral patterns of pine wilt disease at different development stage were analyzed in Geoje-do where the disease has already spread. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging containing hundreds of wavelength band is feasible with continuous screening and monitoring of disease symptoms during pathogenesis. The research is based on an hyperspectral imaging of trees from infection phase to witherer phase using a ground based hyperspectral camera within the area of pine wilt disease outbreaks in Geojedo for the analysis of pine wilt disease. Hyperspectral imaging through hundreds of wavelength band is feasible with a ground based hyperspectral camera. In this research, we carried out wavelength band change analysis on trees from infection phase to witherer phase using ground based hyperspectral camera and comparative analysis with major vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (reNDVI), Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Anthocyanin Reflectance Index 2 (ARI2). As a result, NDVI and reNDVI were analyzed to be effective for infection tree detection. The 688 nm section, in which withered trees and healthy trees reflected the most distinctions, was applied to reNDVI to judge the applicability of the section. According to the analysis result, the vegetation index applied including 688 nm showed the biggest change range by infection progress.

Study on the efficiency of cleaning Process for Screen printing cleaning (스크린 인쇄 세정에 대한 세정공정 효율 연구)

  • 최성용
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.85-96
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    • 1997
  • The color difference between original and printed copy is affected mainly by ink trapping and optical properties of overprinted ink layer. Since the general expression itself about ink trapping is affected also by the optical properties, the analysis of color difference using the ink trapping only cannot be certain. This study will show a new approaching method for optical analysis of spectral reflectance and the effect of printing sequence on color difference in multi-color overprints under the condition of excluding completely the ink trapping problems by means of using transparent film as a substrate.

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Uniformity estimation mathod and application of thin film in Coating lenses (Coating 렌즈에서 박막의 균일성 평가 방법 및 적용)

  • Kim, Yong Geun;Park, Sang-An
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.175-180
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    • 2002
  • Use spctrophotometer to estimate thin film uniformity of lens, Compare, and analyze thin film uniformity availability selecting two peaks of Reflectance(R%) measuring on spectrum. Wavelength dependence's Reflectance in position of center, middle and edge of lens etc... obtain thin film's thickness (t) from Wavelength region (${\lambda}_1,{\lambda}_2$) of two peaks of Reflectance. $$t=\frac{1}{2(n^2-\sin^2{\theta})^{1/2}}{\times}\frac{{\lambda}_1{\lambda}_2}{{\lambda}_2-{\lambda}_1}$$ If Reflectance pattern is uniformity value in position of center middle of lens, edge etc... thin film has uniformity. Applied thin film uniformity estimation method to 1st layer $MgF_2$(n=1.38) coating lens. It was about thin film's thickness difference 360nm. Can analyze coating lens' thin film uniformity easily from Reflectance relationship measurement about Wavelength dependence.

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Estimation of Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) by Reflectance Indices of Ground-based Remote Sensors

  • Kang, Seong Soo;Kim, Yoo-Hak;Hong, Soon-Dal
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.217-224
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    • 2014
  • Ground-based remote sensing can be used as one of the non-destructive, fast, and real-time diagnostic tools for predicting yield, biomass, and nitrogen stress during growing season. The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess biomass and nitrogen (N) status of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants under N stress using ground-based remote sensors; and 2) to evaluate the feasibility of spectral reflectance indices for estimating an application rate of N and predicting yield of tobacco. Dry weight (DW), N content, and N uptake at the 40th and 50th day after transplanting (DAT) were positively correlated with chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVIs) from all sensors (P<0.01). Especially, Green NDVI (GNDVI) by spectroradiometer and Crop Circle-passive sensors were highly correlated with DW, N content and N uptake. The yield of tobacco was positively correlated with canopy reflectance indices measured at each growth stage (P<0.01). The regression of GNDVI by spectroradiometer on yield showed positively quadratic curve and explained about 90% for the variability of measured yield. The sufficiency index (SI) calculated from data/maximum value of GNDVI at the $40^{th}$ DAT ranged from 0.72 to 1.0 and showed the same positively quadratic regression with N application rate explaining 84% for the variability of N rate. These results suggest that use of reflectance indices measured with ground-based remote sensors may assist in determining application rate of fertilizer N at the critical season and estimating yield in mid-season.