• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.25-46
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• 1973

The recent situation on developments in an expanding field of reference and information service is reviewed through the cooperative arrangements and comprehensive planning among libraries in America. The growth of reference cooperation is examined first along with the social forces that influenced the library interdependence for service. Of the various interlibrary programs identified in relation to the cooperative reference work, interlibrary loan is viewed as the key to the use of library resources based on equal access and making use of the tools for information and research, therefore a reference principle. Several kinds of library systems specifically intended to improve the reference situation are identified and described in detail without any attempt to evaluate their performance in terms of unit size, cost, or quality of the service.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.253-284
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current status of reference education and to suggest directions for reference education in America and in Korea. For this purpose, the historical developments of reference services, and the names, problems and changes of reference courses are studied. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The names of reference courses are various. In America, On-Line Services or Information Services are used in general, but in Korea, Reference Services are widely used. 2. In America, some library schools have only subject literature courses including business, law, music, etc. instead of basic reference courses. 3. Only one reference course is given by most schools in America and in Korea. However, a few schools which have no graduate courses provide two reference courses in Korea. 4. Analysis of textbooks used in reference courses shows that Reference Research by Joon-Shik Park, Reference Services and Reference Sources by Ock-Soon Noh are used in general. In addition, Introduction to Reference Work by Katz is used. 5. Lecture methods are generally used in teaching reference courses, but reviews of reference materials in library, class presentation, and case study method are also used. It is desirable that role playing and pathfinders' used in U.S. are introduced to our schools. 6. Analysis of library user instruction courses in Korea shows that 7 of 11 universities have the courses,, only one university teaches library user instruction as a part of reference courses, 3 universities don't. 7. Analysis of opinions about the directions for reference education shows that changes of reference courses names, expansion of courses contents, emphasis on communication technique, changes of teaching methods, proper combination of theory vs. practice, an increase in electronic reference education and training of subject specialist are needed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.606-612
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• 2018

Many nuclear power plants in Japan are approaching the end of their planned operational life spans. They must be decommissioned safely in the near future. Using augmented reality (AR), workers can intuitively understand information related to decommissioning work. Three-dimensional (work-site) reconstruction models of dismantling fields are useful for workers to observe the conditions of dismantling field situations without visiting the actual fields. This study, based on AR and work-site reconstruction models, developed and evaluated an information reference system. The evaluation consists of questionnaires and interview surveys administered to six nuclear power plant workers who used this system, along with a scenario. Results highlight the possibility of reducing time and mitigating mistakes in dismantling fields. Results also show the ease of referring to information in dismantling fields. Nevertheless, it is apparently difficult for workers to build reconstruction models of dismantling fields independently.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1813-1824
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• 2022

This paper shows the verification work of SARAX code system in the reactor core transient calculation based on the simplified EBR-II Benchmark. The SARAX code system is an analysis package developed by Xi'an Jiaotong University and aims at the advanced reactor R&D. In this work, a neutron-photon coupled power calculation model and a spatial-dependent reactivity feedback model were introduced. To verify the models used in SARAX, the EBR-II SHRT-45R test was simplified to an ULOF transient with an input flowrate change curve by fitting from reference. With the neutron-photon coupled power calculation model, SARAX gave close results in both power fraction and peak power prediction to the reference results. The location of the hottest assembly from SARAX and reference are the same and the relative power deviation of the hottest assembly is 2.6%. As for transient analysis, compared with experimental results and other calculated results, SARAX presents coincident results both in trend and absolute value. The minimum value of core net reactivity during the transient agreed well with the reported results, which ranged from -0.3$ to -0.35$. The results verify the models in SARAX, which are correct and able to simulate the in-core transient with reliable accuracy.

• 도서관문화
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1981

이 글은 광도대학부속도서관의 석교민생씨가 ‘현대의도서관’ 1980년 3월호에 ‘대학도서관에 있어서 Reference Service의 장래’이라고 제목하여 게재한 것을 번역한 것이다. 참고업무란 영어로 Reference Work 또는 Reference Service에 대한 역어(엄격한 의미로서는 차이가 있음)로서 도서관의 전문적인 활동 가운데에서 중요한 핵심을 이루고 있는데, 이것의 기원은 S.R. Ranganathan (Reference Service, 1940)의 도서관의 5대원칙에서 도서관의 참고업무가 출발되었다. 여기서 발출한 참고업무가 현실적으로 많은 제약과 한정된 도서관 자원 속에서 이용자에 대한 효과적인 활동의 방법.평가 등 많은 문제가 존재하고 있다. 그러므로 새로운 시점, 새로운 발상, 새로운 수법에 이한 문제의 해명을 위한 연구 개발이 필요하다고 할 수 있으며, 참고업무에 관한 문제 해명은 금준의 도서관학의 중요한 논제가 되리라는 것을 의심할 여지가 없다. 이러한 비제에 참고사서가 어떻게 대처해 나아가야 할 것인가 하는 문제에 대해 만은 암시를 얻을 수 있는 자료가 되리라 믿어 소개하는 바이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1552-1557
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 밴드갭 기준전압을 이용하여 동작온도에 무관한 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 제어 회로를 설계 하였다. 동작온도에 무관한 PWM 제어기는 BiCMOS 기술을 이용하여 동작온도에 무관한 기준전압과 동작온도에 따라 변화하는 두개의 기준 전압을 이용하였다. 설계되어진 회로는 공급전압 3.3volt를 사용하였으며, 출력 주파수는 1MHz이다. 회로의 시뮬레이션 결과 동작 온도가 $0^{\circ}C$에서 $70^{\circ}C$까지 변화할 때, PWM 제어기의 출력 펄스폭의 변화는 상온에 비하여 +0.86%에서 -0.38%였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.201-204
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• 2004

In this paper, a down-converter that can work for L-band RF front-end of DMB receiver is designed. Since DRK-02, a reference for our work, had been designed for a stationary receiver, not for mobile one, the supply voltage is set relatively high of 8.5V. We improve it with 3.3V and save design space and cost by employing only one Mixer and IF_Amp comparing to the reference one in which two Mixers and two IF_Amps are used.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 1996

In Lagrangian mechanics, attention is directed at the body as it moves through space. The region occupied by the body is called a configuration. All body points are labelled by the position they would have if the body were to occupy a chosen reference configuration. The reference configuration can be regarded as an extra fictional copy where notes are kept. As the body moves and deforms, it is important to correctly observe the use of each configuration for computational purposes. The description of strain is particularly important. The present work establishes clearly the role of each configuration in total and in incremental forms. This work also details the differences between gradient and configurational calculus.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-107
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• 1996

In Lagrangian mechanics, attention is directed at the body as it moves through space. Each body point is identified by the position it would have if the body were to occupy an arbitrary reference configuration. A result of this approach is that the analyst often describes the body by using quantities that may involve more than one configuration. This is particularly common in incremental calculations and in changes of the choice of reference configuration. With the rise of very powerful computing machinery, the popularity of numerical calculation has become great. Unfortunately, the mechanical theory has been evolved in a piecemeal fashion so that it has become a conglomeration of differently developed patches. The current work presents a unified development of the equilibrium principle. The starting point is the conservation of momentum. All details of configuration are shown. Finally, full dynamic and static forms are presented for total and incremental work.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2018

In order to precisely assess gene expression levels, the suitable internal reference genes must be served to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. For armyworm, Mythimna separata, which reference genes are suitable for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes have yet to be explored. In this study, eight common reference genes, including ${\beta}$-actin (${\beta}$-ACT), 18 s ribosomal (18S), 28S ribosomal (28S), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), elongation fator-alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), TATA box binding protein (TBP), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), and alpha-tubulin (${\alpha}$-TUB) that in different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments of M. separata were evaluated. To further explore whether these genes were suitable to serve as endogenous controls, three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder), the delta Ct method, and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized HSP70, and MsepCYP321A10 gene expression data. We found that the most suitable reference genes for the different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, 28S/RPL7 were the optimal reference genes, both $RPL7/EF1{\alpha}$ were suitable for experiments of different tissues, whereas for insecticide treatments, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were the suitable reference genes because they have the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. Our work is the first report on reference gene selection in M. separata, and might serve as a precedent for future gene expression studies.