• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

This Study developed library of parts, applied with 3-dimension character which has width, length and height and a reference plane, for the system development of BIM design on housing unit modular. The current BIM software has not the concept of a reference plane or work tolerance in modular, so the development of parts library applied to unit modular has not moved forward. So, we developed, in this study, parts library applied to windows, built-in-furniture, kitchen systems and knock down bathrooms, with a reference plane and work tolerance based on single roon prototype on urban-life-housings. BIM library can utilize changed size and work tolerance of parts, and fabricating reference plane will be created automatically when an engineer puts work tolerance in the BIM library with supplement of some category related to work reference. Through this BIM library development, we consider the part module can be used for housing complex planning, and architectural designers will be able to utilize the BIM library for housing complex design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.177-181
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• 1996

Systematic classification system for standardization in telecommunication is essential to the standardization R&D strategy. This paper suggests a new reference model for development of work area and classification scheme related to the telecommunications standardization : Cubic and matrix approach. Standardization Work Areas(SWAs) that are upper level of the reference model are classified by its main role and function reflecting the market trends and user needs. Standardization expertise is lower level scheme, which can be regarded as the different possible layers of standardization to be applied to each one of the SWAs grouped under upper level scheme. A new reference model consists of two planes that are SWAs plane and Standardization layer plane. Finally the reference model for classification of SWAs in telecommunication mapping onto matrix table that row and column are defined by SWAs and standardization layer respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.177-200
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• 2022

Administrative information datasets are a kind of record produced based on an organization's work performance. A dataset is evidence of the act of recording and contains a lot of information that can be used for work. Datasets have been neglected in Korea's records management system. However, as the law was revised in 2020, the management of administrative information datasets was legislated. Organizations that require management of administrative information datasets have already gradually begun record management. The core of managing administrative information datasets is the preparation of the Management Reference Table for the dataset. Regardless, there is confusion with the Records Management Reference Table for Dataset in institutions that work on records management, and it is difficult to work because the Management Reference Table for Dataset has a new concept. This study looked into the problems in the records management of datasets that appeared at the beginning of work. It isuggests a method to effectively settle records management for datasets. In that way, the Management Reference Table was selected as the research subject, and the problems discussed so far were summarized. In addition, the items of the current Management Reference Table were analyzed. As a result of the study, we have proposed the simplification of items in the Management Reference Table, the reorganization of areas in the Management Reference Table, the introduction of the concept of retention periods, and the preparation process of the Management Reference Table.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Aldo Rossi's work as representation or non-representation, for some hold that the works of Aldo Rossi are representative and others say that they are non-representative. According to the three kinds of novelties appearing after Stephen Pepper's concept, "the breaking of reference" happens, and Aldo Rossi's concept, "the sense of deposition" Rossi's work is uncovered as non-representation. In order to clarify Rossi's work as non-representation, we are going to borrow Pepper's terms, intrusive novelty, emergent novelty, and naive novelty. The breaking of reference accompanies intrusive novelty to bring a sense of representation, emergent novelty to intuit a sense of non-representation, and naive novelty to a sense of newness of disorder. We hope to verify a hypothesis that Aldo Rossi's architectural thought and the architecture come from 'emergent novelty' on the basis of his two books, A Scientific Autobiography and Architecture of the City. Also this paper discusses qualitative aspects rather than visual aspects. The main concepts of emergent novelty are applied to Aldo Rossi's works and his thought. Finally this paper verifies 'the hypothesis' through revealing what Aldo Rossi means by the quality of suspension, the sense of deposition, and idea of the unfinished(repetition). Rossi's work is not textural reference of representation appearing after blocking, but qualitative reference of non-representation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.547-562
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of middle-aged men's family and work related variables and satisfaction. Based on the results of the study, the following was concluded ; First, there were significant differences in men's satisfaction across education level, economic variables, and occupation. Second, family related variables, work related variables, and work-family conflict were significantly correlated with satisfaction. In reference to family related variable, satisfaction was higher when marital satisfaction is good, parental stress, adult caring burden, and work-family conflict are lower. In reference to work related variables, satisfaction is higher when job stress is lower, job security is lower, and colleague relationship is good. Third, family related variables, work related variables, and work-family conflict were significantly correlated with mutually one another. Specifically, parental stress is correlated with work related variables. A higher correction was reported between work-family conflict and job stress. Finally, results of multiple regression analysis showed that these variable influenced middle-aged men's satisfaction. Moreover, the degree of explanation for satisfaction increased more, when family and work related variables, and work-family conflict add in individual character variables.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4349-4371
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• 2019

Moldable parallel tasks are widely used in different areas, such as weather forecast, biocomputing, mechanical calculation, and so on. Considering the deadline and the speedup, scheduling moldable parallel tasks becomes a difficulty. Past work majorly focuses on the LA (List Algorithms) or OMA (Optimizing the Middle Algorithms). Different from prior work, our work normalizes execution time and makes all tasks have the same scope in normalized execution time: [0,1], and then according to the normalized execution time, a method is used to search for the reference execution time without considering the deadline of tasks. According to the reference execution time, we get an initial scheduling result based on AFCFS (Adaptive First Comes First Served) policy. Finally, a heuristic approach is used to improve the performance of the initial scheduling result. We call our method HSRET (a Heuristic Scheduling method based on Reference Execution Time). Comparisons to other methods show that HSRET has good performance in AWT (Average Waiting Time), AET (Average Execution Time), and PUT (Percentages of Unfinished Tasks).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.637-644
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• 2011

Objective & Background: When applying various evaluation tools that analyze work posture risk through observation, accurate measurement of body flexion angle is very important. Method: This study investigated differences and appropriateness of 5 different existing reference points commonly used in the analysis of the work posture. Twenty five ergonomist and trained professionals were participated in this study. A Same flexion angle was utilized for the evaluation of risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders using five different reference points to investigate the degree of difference between them. To investigate how different the observers' preferred flexion angle measuring methods were compared to the ISO 11226 Reference Posture, a virtual body model was constructed using the Poser 6.0 program. Six types of body flexion postures were constructed, and since neck flexion differs according to body angle, five types of neck flexion postures were constructed with the trunk bending $20^{\circ}$ forward, making up a total of 30 virtual flexion postures. Results: Results showed that the observers used personally preferred reference points instead of reference points recommend in the evaluation tools. Also the results revealed the their seems to be 6 types of flexion angle for the trunk and 11 types of measurement methods for the neck flexion angle in the form of personally preferred reference points. The results showed that a mean difference of $14^{\circ}$($4{\sim}23^{\circ}$) occurred in the trunk, and a mean difference of $20^{\circ}$($-8{\sim}51^{\circ}$) occurred in the neck. To increase accuracy when using the 5 evaluation tools in combination, the ISO 11226 standards, observers' preferred flexion posture standards, and common flexion posture standards of the evaluation tools were compared with the reference points of the 5 evaluation tools. Results showed considerable variance in angle difference for each evaluation tool. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, considering the angle difference between the flexion angle reference points of the evaluation tool and the reference points selected by the observers, it is concluded that instead of personally preferred reference points, the standardized reference points to enhance the accuracy and the objectivity. Application: The result of this study can be used as reference guide to develop the standardized reference point in the future.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.351-370
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• 1999

This paper aims to study on bibliographic reference forms, especially focused on the forms of korean sources. Although bibliographic reference is one of the critical elements in academic works, it seems every work has it's own forms in Korea. The fact that the bibliographic reference forms in korean works are made up by option causes the present state of diversity which makes difficulty in bibliographic control. The results of this search into internal academic journals show the diversity in the entry of title and significant gap of bibliographic reference forms among disciplines.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

In this work, we propose detection method for ionosphere storm that occurs locally using widespread GNSS reference stations. For ionosphere storm detection, we compare ionosphere condition with other reference stations and estimate direction of movement based on ionosphere time variation. The method use carrier phase measurement of dual frequency, for accuracy and precision of test statistics, are evaluated with multiple GNSS reference stations data.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-51
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• 1968

The Calorie allowances for a reference man (25 years, 60kg, moderate work) and a reference woman (25 years, 52kg, moderate work) were given by the formulae which were recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization(FAO). E=152 W 0.73 3,000 Calories(man) E=123.4 W 0.73 2,200 Calories (woman) The appropriate adjustments were made for age, body weight (Table 1) and activity (Table 2) of adults other than a 'reference man' and 'reference woman' based on our report of 'Studies of Basal Metabolism and Energy Expenditure of Koreans in Daily Life' supported partly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The recommendation of FAO for the calorie requirements for children, the additional allowances for pregnancy, lactation and environmental temperature were adopted.