• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.33-34
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• 1997

장비나 부품이 비행 또는 수송 등 실제상황에서 겪게되는 진동환경에 얼마만큼 견디는지 여부를 확인하고, 예상되는 동적 하중에 의한 성능저하나 오 동작이 일어나지 알는지 확인하기 위해 환경진동시험(environmental vibration test)이 수행된다. 이러한 환경진동시험의 경우에는 대형(대용량)의 진동시험기(shaker 또는 exciter)가 이용되며 진동시험기로부터 에너지를 시험물에 기계적으로 전달시켜줄 수 있는 진동 시험치구(이하, "치구(fixture)")가 필요하게 된다. 따라서 치구의 설계문제가 대두되며, 환경진동시험의 성공여부를 좌우하는데 대단히 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 치구의 설계시 가장 중요한 점은 시험규격에 정해진 기준스펙트럼(specified reference spectrum)이 치구 위에 설치될 여러 시험물부착점들에 그대로 전달될 수 있는 강체치구(rigid fixture)를 설계하는 것이 가장 이상적이지만 치구의 공진 및 반공진 특성으로 인해 시험물부착점들 마다 스펙트럼이 달라지게 된다. 따라서 시험물은 과대시험(overtest) 또는/그리고 과소시험(undertest)를 겪게된다.최근의 진동시험제어 기법으로서는 다채널시스템을 이용한 여러 시험부착점들에서의 진동레벨의 평균을 제어하는 평균제어기법(average control technique)이 이용되므로서 시험주파수 범위에서 공진진동수(resonance frequency)들은 기준스펙트럼과 동일하게 제어가 가능하나 반공진 진동수(antiresonance frequency)들에서는 반공진 진동수들이 갖는 물리적 특성으로 인해 기준스펙트럼과 동일하게 제어가 이루어지지 않으므로시험규격에 정해진 정확한 진동시험이 수행되지 못하게된다.본 연구에서는 치구의 설계단계에서 치구 위의 여러 시험물 부착점들- 평균제어점(average control points)- 에서의 반공진 진동수들을 고려하여 그 감도를 게산하고, 치구의 구조변경을 수행하여 시험물 부착점들에서의 반공진 진동수를 일치시키므로서 종래의 진동시험제어시 나타나는 반공진진동수에서의 문제점을 제거할 수 있고, 그 결과 시험물 부착점들에서의 스펙트럼이 시험규격에 정해진 스펙트럼대로 진동시험이 수행될 수 있게 하는데 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.317-323
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• 1998

A synchronization is important element not only wire communication but also wireless communication. Especially, In SS(Spread Spectrum) communication method used GPS(Global Positioning System) synchronization is more important. A synchronous oscillator(SO) is a network which synchronizes, tracks, filter, amplifies and divides (if necessary) in a single process. Without an input signal, the SO is a free-running oscillator, oscillating at a frequency $w_0$, but phase changes $180^{\circ}$ within tracking range of SO. Therefore CPSO was used for this problem. The coherent phase synchronous oscillator(CPSO) is created by adding two external loops to the SO and has a wider tracking bandwidth and a zero-offset phase response (coherent) while maintaining the SO properties of high signal-to-rejection and fast frequency acquisition times. Therefore phase between input signal and output signal is synchronized. In this paper, GPS data recovery circuit has applied CPSO using front reference characters and has certified an excellent data recovery capability.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2012

The light absorbance of photocatalysts and reaction kinetics of environmental pollutants at the liquid-solid and gas-solid interfaces differ from each other. Nevertheless, many previous photocatalytic studies have applied the science to aqueopus applications without due consideration of the environment. As such, this work reports the surface and morphological characteristics and photocatalytic activities of carbon-embedded (C-$TiO_2$) photocatalysts for control of gas-phase methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) under a range of different operational conditions. The C-$TiO_2$ photocatalysts were prepared by oxidizing titanium carbide powders at $350^{\circ}C$. The characteristics of the C-$TiO_2$ photocatalysts, along with pure TiC and the reference pure $TiO_2$, were then determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning emission microscope, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The C-$TiO_2$ powders showed a clear shift in the absorbance spectrum towards the visible region, which indicated that the C-$TiO_2$ photocatalyst could be activated effectively by visible-light irradiation. The MTBE decomposition efficiency depended on operational parameters, including the air flow rate (AFR), input concentration (IC), and relative humidity (RH). As the AFRs decreased from 1.5 to 0.1 L/min, the average efficiencies for MTBE increased from 11% to 77%. The average decomposition efficiencies for the ICs of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm were 77%, 77%, 54%, and 38%, respectively. In addition, the decomposition efficiencies for RHs of 20%, 45%, 70%, and 95% were 92%, 76%, 50%, and 32%, respectively. These findings indicate that the prepared photocatalysts could be effectively applied to control airborne MTBE if their operational conditions were optimized.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.443-449
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• 2010

A machine vision-based instrument to measure a droplet size spectrum of a spray nozzle was developed and tested to evaluate its accuracy on measuring spray droplet sizes and classifying nozzle sizes. The instrument consisted of a machine vision, light emitting diode (LED) illumination and a desktop computer. The illumination and machine vision were controlled by the computer through a C++ program. The program controlled the machine vision to capture droplet images under controlled illumination, and processed the droplet images to characterize the droplet size distribution of a spray nozzle. An image processing algorithm was developed to improve the accuracy of the system by eliminating random noise and out-of-focus droplets in droplet images while measuring droplet sizes. The instrument measured sizes of the three different balls (254.0, 497.8 and $793.8\;{\mu}m$) and the measurement ranges were $241.2-273.6\;{\mu}m$, $492.9-529.6\;{\mu}m$ and $800.8-824.1\;{\mu}m$ for 254.0-, 497.84- and $793.75-\;{\mu}m$ balls, respectively. Error of the measured droplet mean was less than 3.0 %. Droplet statistics, $D_{V0.1}$, $D_{V0.5}$ and $D_{V0.9}$, of a reference nozzle set were measured, and droplet size spectra of five spray nozzles covering from very fine to extremely coarse were measured to classify spray nozzle sizes. Ninety percent of the classification results of the instrument agreed with manufacturer's classification. A comparison study was carried out between developed and commercial instruments, and measurement results of the developed instrument were within 20 % of commercial instrument results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.586-594
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• 2009

This paper is the study on random, sinusoidal and shock vibration responses for the STSAT-3(science and technology satellite-3) proto-model which is the first small size all-composite satellite in Korea. The structure system of the STSAT-3 forms box type structure by joining several hybrid sandwich panels comprised of honeycomb core and carbon fiber reinforced laminated composite skins on both side. Mode shape, stress, displacement and acceleration responses are obtained on both the frequency domain and time domain by means of a commercial FEA software MSC/NASTRAN. From these analysis results, failure, safety factor and design validity are assessed. These results can be successfully applicable as reference data when a new satellite is developed as well as giving out an excellent criteria in satellite vibration treatment design.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.985-990
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• 2000

${\zeta}-Carotene$ was subjected to ozonolysis in ice-cold dichloromethane. The ozonolysis products were fractionated with a silica column and the carbonyl fraction was analyzed by ODS-HPLC with a photodiode array detector. ${\zeta}-Carotene$ was solubilized in toluene, and then oxidized by incubating at $37^{\circ}C$, 72 hr under atmospheric oxygen. Carbonyl compound and acidic compound were produced. In comparison with autoxidation and ozonolysis, each compound showed the same retention time and UV-vis spectra were identical to the reference cleavage products prepared by ozonolysis of ${\zeta}-carotene$. Absorption spectrum of acidic compound was similar to that of standard 4,5-didehydrogeranyl geranyl acid which is known to possess biological activity. Thus, eccentric cleavage of ${\zeta}-carotene$ was confirmed to occur in vitro under oxidation condition.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

The fibrous material fraction as a by-product from the commercial aloe vera gel processing was obtained and freeze dried. The physicochemical characteristics such as the proximate composition, crystalline/surface structures and several physical functionalities including the water holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SW), oil holding capacity (OHC), emulsion/foam properties and viscosity properties of this powdered sample (100 mesh) were investigated and analyzed by comparison with commercial $\alpha$-cellulose as a reference sample. The total dietary fiber content of powdered sample was very high as much as 87.5%, and the insoluble dietary and soluble dietary fiber content ratios were 77.6 and 22.4%, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of powdered sample showed a typical polysaccharide property and exhibited a x-ray diffraction pattern for cellulose III and IV like structure. SW (8.24${\pm}$0.15 mL/g), WHC(6.40${\pm}$0.19 g water/g solid) and OHC(10.32${\pm}$0.29 g oil/g solid) of freeze dried aloe cellulose were about 3.3, 1.4 and 2 times higher than those of commercial $\alpha$-cellulose, respectively. Aloe cellulose (~2%, w/v) alone had no foam capacity while improved the foam stability of protein solution (1% albumin+0.5% $CaCl_{2}$) by factor of 300%. Emulsion capacity of 2%(w/v) aloe cellulose was about 70% level of 0.5%(w/v) xanthan gum, but its emulsion stability was about 1.2 times higher than that of xanthan gum. Also, aloe cellulose containing CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose) of 0.3%(w/v) showed a very good dispersity. Aloe cellulose dispersion of above 1%(w/v) exhibited higher pseudoplasticity and concentration dependence than those of $\alpha$-cellulose dispersion, indicating the viscosity properties for new potential usage such as an excellent thickening agent.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1465-1472
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• 2018

The magnetic and optical properties of Ce-doped ZnO systems have been widely demonstrated, but the effects of different strains of Ce-doped ZnO systems remain unclear. To solve these problems, this study identified the effects of biaxial strain on the electronic structure, absorption spectrum, and magnetic properties of Ce-doped ZnO systems by using a generalized gradient approximation + U (GGA + U) method with plane wave pseudopotential. Under unstrained conditions, the formation energy decreased, the system became stable, and the doping process became easy with the increase in the distances between two Ce atoms. The band gap of the systems with different strains became narrower than that of undoped ZnO without strain, and the absorption spectra showed a red shift. The band gap narrowed, and the red shift became weak with the increase of compressive strain. By contrast, the band gap widened, and the red shift became significant with the increase of tensile strain. The red shift was significant when the tensile strain was 3%. The systems with -1%, 0%, and 1% strains were ferromagnetic. For the first time, the magnetic moment of the system with -1% strain was found to be the largest, and the system showed the greatest beneficial value for diluted magnetic semiconductors. The systems with -3%, -2%, 2%, and 3% strains were non-magnetic, and they had no value for diluted magnetic semiconductors. The ferromagnetism of the system with -1% strain was mainly caused by the hybrid coupling of Ce-4f, Ce-5d, and O-2p orbits. This finding was consistent with Zener's Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida theory. The results can serve as a reference for the design and preparation of new diluted magnetic semiconductors and optical functional materials.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.315-329
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• 2023

We investigated the wind characteristics in the near-surface layer during the landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) based on observations from wind towers in the coastal areas of Guandong province. Typhoon Mujigae made landfall in this region from 01:00 UTC to 10:00 UTC on October 4, 2015. In the region influenced by the eyewall of the tropical cyclone, the horizontal wind speed was characterized by a double peak, the wind direction changed by >180°, the vertical wind speed increased by three to four times, and the angle of attack increased significantly to a maximum of 7°, exceeding the recommended values in current design criteria. The vertical wind profile may not conform to a power law distribution in the near-surface layer in the region impacted by the eyewall and spiral rainband. The gust factors were relatively dispersed when the horizontal wind speed was small and tended to a smaller value and became more stable with an increase in the horizontal wind speed. The variation in the gust factors was the combined result of the height, wind direction, and circulation systems of the tropical cyclone. The turbulence intensity and the downwind turbulence energy spectrum both increased notably in the eyewall and spiral rainband and no longer satisfied the assumption of isotropy in the inertial subrange and the -5/3 law. This result was more significant in the eyewall area than in the spiral rainband. These results provide a reference for forecasting tropical cyclones, wind-resistant design, and hazard prevention in coastal areas of China to reduce the damage caused by high winds induced by tropical cyclones.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2024

Because of muscle fatigue, motor unit recruitment and firing rates decrease and EMG power spectrum shifts toward lower frequencies as spectral compression which represented by a falling shift in the median frequency. However, changes of this frequency shows relatively less than those of the magnitudes of the low frequency band. This paper aims to examine the moderate ranges of the frequency bands in the existed ones as spectral fatigue indices of biceps femoris muscle. Twelve subjects participate in this experiment, and EMG signals are measured from these muscles during treadmill walking on the speed of 4.5 km/h. ANOVA analysis is used to compare changes of the low and high frequency band with reference to those of median frequency. Experimental results demonstrate that the low frequency band 25-82 Hz and the high frequency band 142-300 Hz could be appropriate for spectral fatigue indices of biceps femoris muscles.