• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2017

Since extensometers are used to determine the absolute deformation of foundation and abutments and all results are obtained in reference to the base rod, the accuracy of these results has been constantly a subject of debate. In this regard, locating and installing extensometers outside the range of effect zone is also another challenge. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate and modify extensometers results based on the mentioned issues. For this aim, the concrete RCC Zhaveh dam in Iran was selected as the case study. To study the results of extensometers installed in this dam, first, the 3DEC_DP 5.00 software was applied for numerical modeling. Parameters such as discontinuities, dead load and piezometric pressure in the interface of concrete and rock were considered. Next, using the results obtained from 6 extensometers in foundation and abutments and 4 clinometers in dam body, the numerical model was calibrated through back analysis method. The results indicate that the base rod is moved and is not recommended being used as the base point. In other words, because installation of base anchor outside the range of effect zone is not possible due to the operational and economic considerations, the obtained results are not accurate enough. The results indicate a considerable 2-3 mm displacement of the base rod (location of the base anchor) in reference to the real zero point location, which must be added to the base rod results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.298-303
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• 2010

robots determine the location of the other robot using wireless sensors. Use it to decide how to move his. And go to any location, will make shape of column and line, circle. In this paper, we discuss problem in circle formation enclosing target which moves. It is method about enclosed invader in circle formation based on mutual localization of swarm robot without infrastructure. Therefore, use trilateration that do not need to know the value of the coordinates of reference points. So, Specify enclosed point for the number of robots base on between the relative position of the robot in the coordinate system. And particle filter is proposed to improve the accuracy of the location.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper discussed and illustrated the most efficient method to calculate the distribution centers for a national project in China. Through demonstration of implementing the GIS, spatial analysis, and location calculation model, this paper mainly dealt with the construction distribution problem and inconvenient supply of materials problems. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, the research design structure based on three steps: implementing the Geographic Information System to locate the points coordination data, calculating the distribution centers of the project, and optimizing the most efficient and effective coordination. The data of the calculation is from an actual project. The methodology of this paper is summarizing the spatial analysis capabilities and digital graphic data calculation to locate logistics distribution centers, and since the illustration of the calculation is useful for locating the coordination, the result of this paper has certain reference values for the project construction. Results - This paper illustrates the steel and cement resource of every distribution point to confirm the most efficient distribution center location coordination. Conclusions - The integrated logistical management models are used to ensure the results for the purposes of our calculation. The result of the calculation is also a useful example for future Chinese national projects.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

Because of the size and environment in the shipbuilding process, the portable type robot is required for the automatic seam tracking. For this reason, the structure of laser sensor should be considered in the initial design step and the coordinate transformation between welding robot and laser sensor, which is joint finder, must be identified exactly and the real time tracking algorithm based on these consideration could be developed. In this research, laser displacement sensor in which its structure is laser beam's vertical projection, is developed to recognize the location of weld joint. In practical applications, however, images of weld joints are often degraded because of the surface specularity or spatter. To overcome the problem, the constrained joint finding algorithm is proposed. In the approach of coordinate conversion rule for the visual feedback control among welding torch, robot body and laser sensor is applied by the same reference point method. In the real time seam tracking algorithms we propose constrained sampling method which uses look ahead distance. The RLS(Recursive Least Square) filter is applied to obtain the smooth tracking path from the sensitive edge data. From the experimental results, we could see the possibility that the developed laser sensor with proposed processing algorithm and real time seam tracking method can be used as a welding under the shipbuilding condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1991

In this study, the accuracy of three dimensional location was improved by self calibration bundle method with additional parameter, which is to correct systematic error through detection and elimination of the gross error from updated reference variance for observation values in photogram-metry. In this study, with the result of comparing accuracy of each method, correcting systematic error is more effective after gross error detection and when observation values are contained more than two gross error the point with maximum correlation value is detected by masking effect of least square adjustment.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Optimization process of pre-swirl nozzle geometry was conducted to improve the discharge coefficient of pre-swirl system by using CFD. The optimization of pre-swirl nozzle shape covered the converging angle and the location of the converging nozzle. Optimization process included Optimal Latin Hyper-cube Design method to get the experimental points and the Kriging method to create the response surface which gives candidate points. The process was finished when the difference between the predicted value and CFD value of candidate point was less than 0.1 %. This paper compared the Reference model, Initial model which is the first model of optimization and Optimized model to study flow characteristics. Finally, the discharge coefficient of Optimized model is improved about 17 % to the Reference model.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2024

This study analyzes the feng shui characteristics of the location of Seon-un Temple in Do-sol Mountain, Gochang from a metaphysical and selfish perspective through field research and literature review.A characteristic element of feng shui was that it prioritized harmony with nature and made it a reference point for selecting a location through a reasonable method. In the Silla Dynasty, adherent monks studied in the Gangseo area, where the Hyeongsepungsu first appeared, and this Hyeongsepungsu of the Gangseo District Law flowed into Korea and played a leading role in selecting the location of the temple and arranging Garam. Seon-un Temple was located under Do-sol Mountain and had no choice but to have great significance, and it was a practice of the desire to achieve Buddhist perfection through Do-sol Stream and Do-sol Small Temple, which enter the kingdom of Buddha. A s a result, the location of Seon-un Temple under Do-sol Mountain in Gochang reflected a variety of feng shui characteristics. In particular, the location of Sun-un Temple in Do-sol Mountain logically used the characteristics and meanings of feng shui and practiced becoming one with nature, which is aimed at spreading Buddhist doctrine and ideology, which has the holiest meaning of Buddhism.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.17C no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

In an indoor localization method taking the lateration-based approach, the location of a target is estimated with the location of anchor points (APs) and the approximated distances between the target and APs using received signal strength (RSS) measurements. The accuracy of distance estimation affects the localization accuracy of a lateration-based method. Since a radio propagation environment varies randomly in time and space, the highest RSSs do not necessarily give the best estimation of the distances between a target and APs. Thus, all APs hearing a target have been used for localization. However, the accuracy of a lateration-based method degrades if more APs beyond a certain threshold are used because the area of polygon with the APs increases. In this paper, we focus on reducing the size of the polygon to further increase the localization accuracy. We use the centroid of the polygon as a reference point to estimate the relative location of a target in the polygon. Once the relative location is estimated, only the APs which are closest to the target are used for localization to reduce the area of the polygon with the APs. We validate the proposed method by implementing an indoor localization system and evaluating the accuracy of the proposed method in the various experimental environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 2012

After development of GPS in the 1960's, the United States released SA(Selective Availability) in 2000 and then the GPS has become commercialized to the present. The result of repeatedly developed GPS observation, the GPS real-time observation methods is RTK which basically always needs two base stations and has a fault of the accuracy decreasing as the distance between a mobile station and a receiver is increasing. Because of these weakness, VRS method has come out. VRS(Virtual Reference Station) generates the imaginary point near mobile station from several observatory datum of GPS, sets the accurate location of mobile station, thus shows high reliability and mobility. Now, the cadastral datum point is used with azimuth, repetition, and graphical traversing method for traverse network. The result of measurement indicates many problems because of different accomplishment interval given point, restrictions on the length of the conductor, many errors on the observations. So, this study did comparative analysis of the cadastral datum points through VRS method by Continuously Operating Reference Station. Through the above comparative analysis, The comparative result between surveyed result with repetition method through total station observed Cadastral Control Points and surveyed result with VRS-RTK has shown that average error of x-axis is -0.08m, average error of y-axis, +0.07m and average distance error is +0.11m.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 1992

This study was intended to examine feasibility of sizing and color grading of Fuji apple with black/white image processing system, to develop a device with which the whole surface of an apple could be captured by one camera, and to develop an algorithm for a high speed sorting. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The black/white image processing system used in this study showed a maximum error of 1.3% in area measurement with a reference figure while the focusing point of camera and location of the reference figure were changed within a certain range. 2. As the result of evaluating four automatic image segmentation algorithms with apple images, Histogram Clustering Method was the best in terms of computation time and accuracy. 3. The fast algorithm for analyzing size and coloration of apple was developed. 4. The whole surface of an apple could be captured in an image frame with two mirrors installed on the both sides of the sample. The total area of the image representing the whole surface showed a correlation of 0.995 with the weight of apple. 5. The gray level when a particular band pass filter was mounted on the camera showed high correlation with 'L' and 'a' values of Hunt color scale and could represent the coloration of apple.