• Title/Summary/Keyword: Reference Point

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Developing Noninformative Priors for Parallel-Line Bioassay

  • Kim, YeongHwa;Heo, JungEun
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.401-410
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    • 2002
  • This paper revisits parallel-line bioassay problem, from a Bayesian point of view using noninformative priors such as Jeffreys' prior, reference priors, and probability matching priors. After finding the orthogonal transformation, the class of first order and second order probability matching priors are derived. Jeffreys' prior and reference priors are derived also. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of noninformative priors.

An Web Caching Method based on the Object Reference Probability Distribution Characteristics and the Life Time of Web Object (웹 객체의 참조확률분포특성과 평균수명 기반의 웹 캐싱 기법)

  • Na, Yun-Ji;Ko, Il-Seok
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2006
  • Generally, a study of web caching is conducted on a performance improvement with structural approaches and a new hybrid method using existing methods, and studies on caching method itself. And existing analysis of reference-characteristic are conducted on a history analysis and a preference of users, a view point of data mining by log analysis. In this study, we analyze the reference-characteristic of web object on a view point of a characteristic of probability-distribution and a mean value of lifetime of a web-object. And using this result, we propose the new method for a performance improvement of a web-caching.

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Experimental method and evaluation of the calibration capability for the national calibration centers using the platinum resistance temperature sensors (백금저항온도센서를 이용한 국가교정기관의 교정능력 평가 및 실험방법)

  • Gam, Kee-Sool;Yoo, Sung-Ho;Kim, Sung-Min;Lee, In-Sick
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2005
  • Calibration capability was evaluated using the reference-grade platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) in the temperature range of $-50^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$ for the national calibration centers. The reference-grade PRT was calibrated at the several fixed points, which was composed by the freezing points of Sn, In, the melting point of Ga and the triple point of water and Hg, before and after the round-robin test (RRT) experiments. The temperature scale of reference-grade PRT was compared to the local standard PRT's using the system of the national calibration centers. $E_{n}$ values was calculated by the temperature difference between the reference-grade PRT and the local standard PRT, and the best measurement capability. Finally, the capability of the national calibration centers was evaluated by the $E_{n}$ values.

Performance Analysis of Real-Time Kinematic GPS Positioning using Continuous Operating Reference Station

  • Lee In-Su;Lee Jae-One;An Sang-Jun
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.12 no.4 s.31
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    • pp.371-382
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    • 2004
  • Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) provides GPS measurements to support high accuracy CPS positioning. The CORS improves GPS positioning productivity by eliminating the requirement for GPS users to operate two receivers. Previously, this is achieved by providing data from CORS to users in post-mission mode. However, the efficiency of the CORS will be maximized by upgrading it in real-time operation using RTK-GPS surveying because users can obtain centimeter-level accuracy in real-time without operating their own reference stations. In this research, authors extracted the arbitrary point's coordinate which is using GPS CORS data, now served in RINEX FORMAT via Internet, with observation network of the existing triangulation and GPS CORS data. And then, RTK GPS was performed with this arbitrary point as reference station.

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A Study on the Creation Rule of Reference Templates to Recognize Speech for Speaker-independent (불특정 화자의 음성 인식을 위한 표준음 설정 방법에 관한 연구)

  • 김계국;안태옥;이순협;이종악
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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    • v.25 no.7
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    • pp.715-722
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    • 1988
  • It is very important that we create reference templates to recognize speech of speeker-independent as convergence as possible vocal tract variation of each speaker. We used to clustering technique for this and creation rule of reference templates to be cluster centers is key point of thema. In this paper, we created reference tempaltes using the minimax for existance and MMS technique suggested in this study. Also, we created reference template until top 3 and compared to recognition result. When we create 3 reference templates recognition rate is 91.6% for minimax and recognition rate is 95.8% for MMS.

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Analysis of the Post-Processed Positioning by Virtual Reference Stations based on GPS Permanent Network (GPS 기준망의 가상기준점에 의한 후처리 측위 분석)

  • 이용창;강준묵
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2003
  • As the distance between GPS rover station and GPS base station increases, more decorrelated positioning errors limit the ability for PDGPS(Precise Differential GPS). The objective of this paper is to present the improvement of using VRS(virtual reference station) based on multiple GPS reference station network to single reference station for static positioning in post-processing mode. For this, the VRS observations from GPS observations of real reference stations are derived by using Web service in post-mode. The coordinates of check point post-processed by 27 kind of VRS observations compared with the known ones.

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A Study on the Cross-Reference System based on Bibliographic Relations (서지적 관계유형에 기반한 참조시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Lee Yang-Sook;Kim Tae-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.65-83
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    • 1999
  • This study is intended to build a cross-reference system as syndetic device to provide bibliographic relations and to collocate variant access points through references, by developing a reference record format. To this end, the method of this study are as follows: First, the roles of references, which have long been used in traditional records, have been reviewed. Second, ways in which references are depicted not only by current cataloging rules but also by authority control systems are examined. Major characteristics of the reference record are summarized as fellows: 1) If variations either of an author name or of a title are made, or any related works are published, only a single reference record is created. This record uses existing authority records, and instead of adopting authority headings, it will expand the function of the explanatory reference as well as newly implementing a relational reference which can later be used as a reference record. 2) All the variations of identical personal or group names and of lilies are dealt as one access point. In place of current 'see' and 'see also' references, not drawing lines between authority heading(1XX field), 'see'(4XX field) and 'see also' reference(5XX field), all forms of names will be simply applied to record field '1XX'. 3) Any form of data elements, which are used as access points, will be described in '1XX' which has equal value. When a need arises to explain relationships between various access points, it can be met by applying the general explanation reference-name(666 field). Similarly, when there is a need to articulate bibliographic relationships between related works, they will be suggested through the title and relational reference. 4) The title and relational reference regulates related terms that each relation type contains its field, according to each relational type, by reclassifying entire fields in order to provide direct bibliographic relation types on reference records. 5) Pointers which are connected to each access point present reference control numbers.

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Packing effects on the intracavitary radiation Therapy 3-Dimension plan of the uterine cervix cancer (자궁경부암 강내조사 3차원 치료계획 시 Packing의 유용성 분석)

  • Si, Chang-Keun;Jo, Jung-Kun;Lee, Du-Hyun;Kim, Sun-Yeung;Kim, Tae-Yoon
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : An effect of a packing to uterine treatment of a cervical cancer using a dose-volume histogram for a point dose and a volume dose of the bladder and the rectum was analyzed by establishing a three-dimensional treatment plan using a CT image. Materials and methods : Reference points of the bladder and the rectum were marked, respectively at a treatment plan device (plato brachytherapy V14.2.4) by photographing CT(marconi, USA) when the packing was used and removed under the same condition and a treatment plan was performed to Apoint depending on ICRU38. However, in case of the rectum, a maximum point was looked up and compared with the above point because the point presented from the ICRU is not proper as a representative value of a rectum point dose. Further, the volume dose depending on volume of $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder was measured. The measured values were used to analyze the effect of the packing through a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (a SAS statistical analysis process program). Result : The reference points at the bladder and rectum doses when the packing was removed were $116.94\;35.42\%$ and $117.59\;21.08\%$, respectively. The points when the packing was used were $107.08\;38.12\%$ and $95.19\;21.32\%$, respectively. After the packing was used, the reference points at the bladder and the rectum were decreased by $9.86\%$ and $22.4\%$, respectively. When the packing was removed, the maximum points at the bladder and the rectum were $164.51\;50.89\%,\;128.81\;33.05\%$, respectively. When the packing was used, the maximum points at the bladder and the rectum were $142.31\;44.79,\;110.08\;37.03\%$, respectively. After the packing was used, the maximum points at the bladder and the rectum were decreased by $22.2\%$ and $18.73\%$, respectively. When the packing was removed, the bladder volume at $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder were $48.62{\pm}18.09\%,\;16.12{\pm}11.15\%,\;and\;7.51{\pm}6.63\%$, respectively and its rectum volume were $23.41{\pm}14.44\%,\;6.27{\pm}4.28\%,\;2.79{\pm}2.27\%$, respectively. When the packing was used, the bladder volume at $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder were $40.33{\pm}16.72,\;11.63{\pm}8.72,\;and\;4.87{\pm}4.75\%$, respectively and its rectum volume were $18.96{\pm}8.37\%,\;4.75{\pm}2.58\%,\;and\;1.58{\pm}1.06\%$, respectively. After the packing was used, the bladder volume at $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder were decreased by $8.29\%,\;4.49\%,\;and\;2.64\%$, respectively and its bladder volume were decreased by $4.45\%,\;1.52\%,\;and\;1.21\%$, respectively. Conclusion : Values at Reference point doses of the bladder and the rectum recommended from the ICRU 38 were 0.0781 and 0.0781, respectively and values of their maximum point doses were 0.0156 and 0.0156, respectively, as a result of which an effect of the packing using at the uterine intracavitary treatment of an uterine cervical cancer through the three-dimensional treatment plan used CT were measured. That is, the values at reference point doses and the values at maximum point doses show similar difference. However, P value was 0.15 at over $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ volume doses and the value shows no similar difference. In other words, the effect of the packing looks like having a difference at the point dose, but actually shows no difference at the volume dose. The reason is that the volume of the bladder and the rectum are wide but the volume of the packing is only a portion. Therefore, the effect of decreasing the point dose was not great. Further, the farer the distance is, the more weak the intensity of radiation is because the intensity of radiation is proportional to inverse square of a distance. Therefore, the effort to minimize an obstacle of the bladder and the rectum by using the packing should be made.

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Evaluate the Accuracy of Drone Photogrammetry Surveying Using Water Reference Points (수상기준점을 활용한 드론 사진측량의 정확도 평가)

  • Kim, Byungwoo;Hong, Soonheon;Oh, Jaehyun;Hwang, Daeyoung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.445-449
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    • 2017
  • Most studies using drone is confined utilization on the ground and regulation. The drone in the water is rarely used in hydrographic surveying because of the limit of flight time and image matching. This paper is the basic research for drone hydrographic photogrammetry. The accuracy of hydrographic photogrammetry, using buoys for water reference point, was evaluated. The accuracy is influenced by the accuracy of the water reference points like the photogrammetry. The position of water reference points set up on water, keep on changing due to various environmental factors such as wind speed and water velocity. The position continuously changed of the water reference points were measured 3 times using Total Station and VRS. Experiments were conducted at two reservoirs in Gimhae City, and the accuracy of the manual image matching using the water reference points is 40 cm and 80 cm. Allowable accuracy of the ocean boundary survey is ${\pm}2m$, the results of this study are fully available. The maximum position error of the water reference point for ensuring accuracy within ${\pm}2m$ is 1.8 m.

A Study on Fingerprint Core-point Detection (지문의 중심점 검출에 대한 연구)

  • 김선주;이동재;김주섭;김재희
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2000.06d
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    • pp.238-241
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    • 2000
  • A fingerprint core-point detection algorithm is presented in this paper. Core-point is useful for fingerprint classification and also for the fingerprint verification since it giver a reference to a fingerprint. Traditional methods of finding the core-point is introduced. These methods are the method using poincare index and the method using sine component of ridge directions. The proposed method is modified algorithm of the latter using the poincare index. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves almost the same accuracy with faster speed.

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