• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.127-157
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• 2008

The purpose of the current research is to reconstruct the 'structure of biographical processes' on the lives of the elderly couples residing in the rural area in terms of 'gender relations.' Autobiographical-narrative interviews with each of the six elderly couples were conducted. Interview data were analyzed through the eclectic application of $Sch\ddot{u}tze's$ autobiographical-narrative interview and Dausien's feministic biographical research methods. Research findings revealed that each biography of the elderly couples represents the 'structure of biographical process' that shapes 'trajectories.' Such 'trajectories' were found to characterize two dimensions of 'gender relations'. First, on the micro- and macro-levels of 'trajectories,' 'gender relations' were noticed. The 'trajectories' of the male elderly were found to be both in personal and familial contexts and in socio-structural context, while those of the female elderly were found to be mostly in personal and familial contexts. Second, on the micro-level of 'trajectories,' 'gender relations' were noticed. The male elderly were more or less different from one another, contingent on the phases of life. They turned out to take simple roles of performing 'outdoor duties' and to be passive in doing 'housework.' Contrary to the male elderly, the female counterparts proved to actively assume 'dual roles' in 'family affairs' and 'outdoor duties'. Such findings led to the observation of 'doing gender' in the biographies of the elderly and, furthermore, to capturing the fact that 'doing gender' is different, depending on the phases of life and sex. Finally, some implications for practice were drawn from the current findings with special reference to biography and gender relations.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2020

Objectives: The Korean Ministry of Environment has identified cases of people suspected of suffering lung disease potentially caused by polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) used in humidifier disinfectants (HDs). Exposure assessment for the HDs was conducted using a questionnaire during face-to-face interview. The main purposes of this study were to develop a methodology to effectively classify levels of exposure to HDs based on a questionnaire. Methods: We first identified the overall participants' exposure characteristics by HD exposure levels; Second, we selected misclassified subjects and investigated characteristics of overestimated and underestimated subjects, focusing on exposure cases to PHMG-containing HDs. An inhalation reference concentration (RfC) for PHMG was produced on the basis of inhalation toxicity values. We made a cross-tabulation of the exposure classes (Exposure classes 1-to-4) by clinical classes based on the RfC. When the value of the exposure class minus the clinical class was 0 or 1, we assumed these were true values. When the value was ≥2 and ≤ -2, we assigned these cases to the overestimation group and underestimation group, respectively. Results: The overestimated group may have already recovered and responded excessively due to psychological anxiety or in order to receive compensation. On the other hand, relatively high mortality rates and surrogate responses for those under 10 years of age may have resulted in inaccurate exposure assessment for underestimated groups. For the characteristics of exposure, it was shown that for the underestimated group, the exposure was relatively weaker than the overestimated group, even though a high overall clinical rating was determined. Conclusions: This study may suggest ways to reduce bias and overcome the limitations of current HD exposure assessment.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.659-672
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• 2008

There is a need to develop diverse cultivation species with reference to the favorites and farming experiences of allotment garden participants, in addition to the crops being cultivated in the gardens. In this study, therefore, a survey on the status of cultivation and the demand for herb crops for the garden participants was conducted. Current trend of the programmes related to allotment garden for city dwellers, executed by various relevant organizations was analyzed. A questionnaire was accomplished by adult participants experiencing farming in allotments. Likewise, interview with farm proprietors was conducted. The results showed that the number of crop species cultivated in allotments was about ten species. The purchase of seeds and nursery plants was mainly dependent on the farmland proprietors. The selection of the crops was made by both wife and husband. The status of herb utilization indicated that 5.7% of participants were cultivating or had cultivated herb plants. Sixty-two percent of participants were not cultivating herb plants because they did not know how. The purposes of using herbs were for medicine and beauty (22.0%), for spices (22.0%) and for enjoyment (29.0%). Thirty-four percent (34.0%) of participants were interested or would like to use the herbs in the future for medicine and beauty, 39.0% for spices and 31.7% for enjoyment. It is expected that the demand for herbs would increase. Also, 78.3% of participants had the intension or had taken into consideration to cultivate the herb plants, if the farmland proprietors would provide the plants. And, they had interest in planting, management and post harvest utilization and if a reference material would be provided as well. An approach to plant new crops might be possible to those who have more than four years of farming experience and possess relatively high level of cultivation techniques. In conclusion, the favorable crop cultivation strategy corresponding to the participants' abilities; and rental process were essential for the sustainable operation of allotment gardens and expanded number of participants. Moreover, there is a need to pay attention to the city dwellers who have a lot of farming experiences in allotment gardens to maintain agriculture and rural community. This is so, because they are interested in agriculture and rural community and most of them replied that they had intentions to move to rural areas in the future.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.577-592
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine which factors determine fall experience among Korean elderly. To achieve this purpose, it uses the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLoSA), wave 1 and 2. Participants aged 65 from wave 1 were selected. From wave 2, a dependent variable was selected and it was fall experiences since the first interview in 2006. Other than this variable, all independent variables were selected from wave 1. In analyses, x2 or t-test were conducted to examine whether independent variables significantly differ between falls and no falls. Then, since a dependent variable consisted of two categories-falls or no falls, multiple logistic regressions were run. Female, using hearing aid, having two diseases, having three or more diseases, depression, and exercise 5 times/a week or more elevated the odds ratios of fall experience. compared to their reference categories. Particularly, if Korean elderly had three or more diseases or depression, their likelihood of fall experience would have about 2 times higher than their reference categories. In conclusion, health practitioners should make the elderly be recognized how much these risk factors are important to falls. Also, Korean government should support Korean elderly having these risk factors to prevent them from falling.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.685-696
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study is to explore the career development barriers of female doctoral degree holders in education. The study occupied in-depth interview with 42 female doctoral degree holders in education. The results were as followed; First, academic advisor highly influenced the career development female doctoral degree holders through their academic activities. Second, they had experiences regarding glass ceiling effect in workplace. Third, marriage was a critical issue for both of the married and single female doctoral degree holders. Fourth, family and relatives' support positively impact on their career will, and also their strong career goal was beneficial way to break their career barriers. Also, the study suggested contextural factor was very significant on career behavior of female doctoral degree holders. Therefore, policy maker, scholars, and students should have strong attention to female students' career guidance and development in various way. The results of the study discussed in relation to the existing literature, with reference to women's career development and career barriers, and then implication for the future research were suggested.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.343-346
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• 2012

Two methods of identifying smokers with high nicotine dependence, the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) and number of cigarettes per day (CPD) were compared with the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). The HSI, CPD and the FTND were administered to 316 adult Malaysian male, daily smokers aged between 25-64 years old in the Malaysian NCD Surveillance-1 Survey using a two-stage stratified random sampling of enumeration blocks and living quarters, via an interview based on a validated questionnaire. The cut-off point for classification of high nicotine dependence on the HSI was a score of four or higher, and for the heavy smoking category, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. Classification using each method was compared with classification by the FTND (score of six or more) as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistics for concordance between both measures and the FTND were evaluated. The HSI gave a similar prevalence rate of high nicotine dependence as the FTND. There was substantial agreement between the HSI and the FTND (kappa=0.63.), with moderate sensitivity (69.8%) and high specificity (92.5%). However, prevalence of high nicotine dependence using the CPD was 7% lower than the FTND. The heavy smoking category also showed fair agreement with the FTND (kappa=0.45) and moderate sensitivity (67.0%), but specificity was high (86.9%). The findings indicate that the HSI can be used as an alternative to the FTND in screening for high nicotine dependence among daily smokers in large population-based studies, while CPD may not be a suitable alternative to the FTND.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.393-398
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• 2016

Stock information applications allow users to look up and find current stock information whenever and wherever. This study researched what kind of user experience the finance experts get when using these applications and what they suggest. The research was conducted through an in-depth interview of 8 finance experts, who worked minimum of three years, and used both Kakao Stock and JeungGwon Tong, the most used stock information applications, for a minimum duration of six months. The results show the user experience of Kakao Stock rated a bit higher than JeungGwon Tong. Since the objective of such applications are to show stock informations, the experts all rated the pleasurable and meaningful aspects rather low. They suggested, the developers should provide a more advanced and accurate information. They also suggested user interest recognized content be presented along with more convenient user interface to elevate usability. Hopefully, this study becomes a base to further study of user experience of various on and offline stock information services and they become a reference to develop a service with great user experience.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.21-27
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore behavioral patterns on residential spaces such as the patterns of residential space usage and perception on residential spaces. A questionnaire survey and interview were conducted with 426 residents living in apartment with 3 bedrooms, stairway access, and 3-bay style in the City of Seoul, Busan, and Gwangju, during the month of September in 2004. The data was analyzed with frequency, factor analysis by using the SPSS 10.0 for windows, and with proc iml by using SAS. The major findings of this study were that: 1) The most typical activities in the Anbang are $\ulcorner$sleeping and getting dressed$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$family communication and T.V. watching$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$private affairs$\lrcorner$ ; Anbang(master bedroom) has been perceived and used as couple's private area. 2) Living room was used as a multi-purpose room carrying out various activities such as $\ulcorner$family interaction$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$entertaining guest with meals$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$children's private affairs$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$private affairs$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$hobby activities$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$clothes management$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$couple interaction$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$occasions$\lrcorner$. 3) The representative patterns of activities in dining-kitchen was food $\ulcorner$preparation$\lrcorner$, and the need for social interaction in DK has been growing. The patterns of residential space usages can be used to develop and evaluate the unit plan of Korean middle-size apartment.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.417-440
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• 2011

Public libraries face various changes and challenges in the knowledge society of the 21st century. The necessity of introducing 'marketing' concept into the management of public libraries is increasing. This study focuses on 'Family Place Library' program among the children services of public libraries in the United States. 'Family Place Library' is the library program for the youngest children and families, which has been spread over 300 public libraries of USA until February, 2011. The researcher did participation observation and in-depth interview at the libraries which are the main cases for 'Family Place Libraries' in New York, USA. And the researcher analysed the content of the program and did in-depth interviews with related professionals in and out of libraries over many states of USA. Based on the results of this study, the researcher suggested marketing strategies for the management of public libraries.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

In this study, a value framework for ubiquitous computing is developed and presented. Using 'value focused thinking' approach suggested by Keeney, twenty-two potential users of ubiquitous computing were interviewed and 435 statements were obtained from these interviews. Subsequent purification and redundancy removal process reduces these 435 statements into 166 objectives users have in their mind when thinking about ubiquitous computing. These 166 objectives were again simplified into 37 objectives by clustering. Through a focus group interview, these objectives were again classified into a means-ends network diagram by analyzing reciprocal relationships among them. Resulting means-ends network reveals the value framework inherent within the perception of users. This framework will be useful as a reference in developing new business models in ubiquitous computing as well as developing technologies themselves.