• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2019

Extraction of region of interest for satellite image classification is one of the important techniques for efficient management of the national land space. However, recent studies on satellite image classification often depend on the information of the selected image in selecting the region of interest. This study propose an effective method of selecting the area of interest using the continuous digital topographic map constructed from high resolution images. The spatial information used in this research is based on the digital topographic map from 2013 to 2017 provided by the National Geographical Information Institute and the 2015 Sejong City land cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment. To verify the accuracy of the extracted area of interest, KOMPSAT-3A satellite images were used which taken on October 28, 2018 and July 7, 2018. The baseline samples for 2015 were extracted using the unchanged area of the continuous digital topographic map for 2013-2015 and the land cover map for 2015, and also extracted the baseline samples in 2018 using the unchanged area of the continuous digital topographic map for 2015-2017 and the land cover map for 2015. The redundant areas that occurred when merging continuous digital topographic maps and land cover maps were removed to prevent confusion of data. Finally, the checkpoints are generated within the region of interest, and the accuracy of the region of interest extracted from the K3A satellite images and the error matrix in 2015 and 2018 is shown, and the accuracy is approximately 93% and 72%, respectively. The accuracy of the region of interest can be used as a region of interest, and the misclassified region can be used as a reference for change detection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2002

For the development of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to fungal infection by dermatophytes Trichophyton and Microsporum, detection of the fungal DNA by PCR and analysis of the DNA pattern were undertaken in the present study. A total of 15 strains were tested and those consisted of 3 reference strains and 12 isolates such as: reference strains of T mentagrophytes (downy type, ATCC 9533), T rubrum (IFO 6204) and M gypseum (ATCC 9083), and each isolate of T mentogrophytes (powdery type), T mentagrophytes (granular type), T mentogrophytes (purple-red type), T rubrum, T raubitschekii, T tonsurans, T equinum, T ajelloi, T verrucosum, M cookei, M nanum and M gypseum. The DNA were purely isolated from all strains of Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. by a simple method partly consisted of disruption of fungal cells by lyophilization and grinding and extraction of fungal DNA without phenol treatment which is a routine procedure in DNA isolation. For the detection of fungal DNAs, optimal condition of PCR was determined as preheating once at $94^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, 35 cycles of denaturation at $94^{\circ}C$ for 1 min, annealing at $38^{\circ}C$ for 1 min and polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, and 1 cycle of final extension at $72^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. In PCR using arbitrary primers AP-1 (5' ACCCGACCTG3') and AP-2 (5' ACGGGCCAGT3'), DNAs in various numbers and sizes were detected from different species of Trichophyton and Microsporum, while DNAs in similar size were also detected in all strains of Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. There were unique DNAs observed from certain dermatophytes by AP-1 such as 1,900 bases in T rubrum, 950 and 1,100 bases in T raubitscheldi, 2,100 bases in T equinum, 400 bases in T verrucosum and 1,150 bases in M gypseum. The unique DNAs were also observed by AP-2 such as 1,200 bases in T ajelloi, 250 bases in T verrucosum, 1,150 bases in M cookei and 2,000 bases in M nanum. The results indicated that PCR can detect a specific DNA from certain Trychophyton and Microsporum spp, which can be the information for further development of diagoomc PCR to dennatophytes.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2003

How to compare the environmental damage caused by vehicles with different foe]s and drive trains\ulcorner This paper describes a methodology to assess the environmental impact of vehicles, using different approaches, and evaluating their benefits and limitations. Rating systems are analysed as tools to compare the environmental impact of vehicles, allowing decision makers to dedicate their financial and non-financial policies and support measures in function of the ecological damage. The paper is based on the "Clean Vehicles" research project, commissioned by the Brussels Capital Region via the BIM-IBGE (Brussels Institute for the Conservation of the Environment) (Van Mierlo et at., 2001). The VriJe Universiteit Brussel (ETEC) and the universite Libre do Bruxelles (CEESE) have jointly carried out the workprogramme. The most important results of this project are illustrated in this paper. First an overview of environmental, economical and technical characteristics of the different alternative fuels and drive trains is given. Afterward the basic principles to identify the environmental impact of cars are described. An outline of the considered emissions and their environmental impact leads to the definition of the calculation method, named Ecoscore. A rather simple and pragmatic approach would be stating that all alternative fuelled vehicles (LPG, CNG, EV, HEV, etc.) can be considered as ′clean′. Another basic approach is considering as ′clean′ all vehicles satisfying a stringent omission regulation like EURO IV or EEV. Such approaches however don′t tell anything about the real environmental damage of the vehicles. In the paper we describe "how should the environmental impact of vehicles be defined\ulcorner", including parameters affecting the emissions of vehicles and their influence on human beings and on the environment and "how could it be defined \ulcorner", taking into account the availability of accurate and reliable data. We take into account different damages (acid rain, photochemical air pollution, global warming. noise, etc.) and their impacts on several receptors like human beings (e.g., cancer, respiratory diseases, etc), ecosystems, or buildings. The presented methodology is based on a kind of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in which the contribution of all emissions to a certain damage are considered (e.g. using Exposure-Response damage function). The emissions will include oil extraction, transportation refinery, electricity production, distribution, (Well-to-Wheel approach), as well as the emission due to the production, use and dismantling of the vehicle (Cradle-to-Grave approach). The different damages will be normalized to be able to make a comparison. Hence a reference value (determined by the reference vehicle chosen) will be defined as a target value (the normalized value will thus measure a kind of Distance to Target). The contribution of the different normalized damages to a single value "Ecoscore" will be based on a panel weighting method. Some examples of the calculation of the Ecoscore for different alternative fuels and drive trains will be calculated as an illustration of the methodology.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2009

We expanded the 3D building information extraction method using shadow and vertical line from single high resolution image with meta information into the method for single high resolution image without meta information. Our method guesses an azimuth angle and an elevation angle of the sensor and the sun using reference building, selected by user, on an image. For test, we used an IKONOS image and an image extracted from the Google Earth. We calculated the Root Mean Square (RMS) error of heights extracted by our method using the building height extracted from stereo IKONOS image as reference, and the RMS error from the IKONOS image and the Google Earth image was under than 3 m. We also calculated the RMS error of horizontality position by comparison between building position extracted from only the IKONOS image and it from 1:1,000 digital map, and the result was under than 3 m. This test results showed that the height pattern of building models by our method was similar with it by the method using meta information.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_3
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2021

Continuous and periodic data acquisition must be preceded to maintain and manage the river facilities effectively. Adapting the existing general facilities methods, which include river surveying methods such as terrestrial laser scanners, total stations, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), has limitation in terms of its costs, manpower, and times to acquire spatial information since the river facilities are distributed across the wide and long area. On the other hand, the Mobile Mapping System (MMS) has comparative advantage in acquiring the data of river facilities since it constructs three-dimensional spatial information while moving. By using the MMS, 184,646,009 points could be attained for Anyang stream with a length of 4 kilometers only in 20 minutes. Levee points were divided at intervals of 10 meters so that about 378 levee cross sections were generated. In addition, the waterside maximum and average slope could be automatically calculated by separating slope plane form levee point cloud, and the accuracy of RMSE was confirmed by comparing with manually calculated slope. The reference slope was calculated manually by plotting point cloud of levee slope plane and selecting two points that use location information when calculating the slope. Also, as a result of comparing the water side slope with slope standard in basic river plan for Anyang stream, it is confirmed that inspecting the river facilities with the MMS point cloud is highly recommended than the existing river survey.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to identify future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists based on a literature review. A literature search is performed using 14 keywords related to tasks carried out by dental hygienists, and included articles published from 2000 to 2019 in the databases KISS, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, Papersearch, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Six reviewers assessed the titles and abstracts of articles, and an article was selected if the study was considered to cover future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists. Based on the results six local studies and two foreign studies were used for literature review and data extraction. In total, 38 tasks were classified as future-oriented tasks of dental hygienists according to the following criteria: 1) tasks that were specifically referred to as future-oriented tasks, and 2) tasks that could be classified as future-oriented tasks although no specific reference was made. Of these, the most frequently mentioned tasks were measuring periodontal pocket depth, dental hygiene assessment, providing dietary advice, infiltration anesthesia, and root planing. These were extracted from five of the eight studies, including both local and foreign studies. Dental hygiene planning, emergency, emergency management, and smoking cessation were the next most common tasks based on four studies. Even though some of these future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists are included in the dentistry curriculum, and are currently performed as clinical practice for dental hygienists. Nonetheless, the reference to the legal scope is unclear. It is necessary to reconsider the scope of tasks of dental hygienists to reflect changes in domestic and foreign dental care delivery, thereby contributing to the oral health promotion of the public, where safety is guaranteed under legal protection.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.687-693
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• 2006

Image co-registration is the process of overlaying two images of the same scene, one of which represents a reference image, while the other is geometrically transformed to the one. In order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the co-registration approach, the author proposed a pre-qualified area matching algorithm which is composed of feature extraction with canny operator and area matching algorithm with cross correlation coefficient. For refining matching points, outlier detection using studentized residual was used and iteratively removes outliers at the level of three standard deviation. Throughout the pre-qualification and the refining processes, the computation time was significantly improved and the registration accuracy is enhanced. A prototype of the proposed algorithm was implemented and the performance test of 3 Landsat images of Korea. showed: (1) average RMSE error of the approach was 0.435 pixel; (2) the average number of matching points was over 25,573; (3) the average processing time was 4.2 min per image with a regular workstation equipped with a 3 GHz Intel Pentium 4 CPU and 1 Gbytes Ram. The proposed approach achieved robustness, full automation, and time efficiency.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a tool that measures the satisfaction of virtual training learners' use of virtual training content. To this end, 491 copies of the basic questions derived from the satisfaction questions used by the K University Online Lifelong Education Center were used for the final analysis by conducting an online survey of learners who accessed STEP, the K University Online Lifelong Education Center portal. The 491 copies of data finally used were analyzed by methods such as basic question analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. First, in the basic question analysis, there were no questions that exceeded the acceptance criteria of an average of 4 points or more, skewness ±2, and kurtosis ±4. Second, the correlation coefficient for each sub-factor of virtual training content satisfaction derived after exploratory factor analysis was good as r=.682 to .822 (p<.01). The reliability coefficient for each sub-factor is content .849, content utilization .922, System and Operations Support .841, Intention to Continue Utilization .920, the overall reliability is. It was very high at .956 Fifth, as a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the compositional conceptual diagram is. It was .842 to .926, higher than the recommended standard of .7, and the average variance extraction degree. It appears to be .640 to .796, higher than the recommended standard of .5, which can be seen as representative of each constituent concept. As a result of verifying the validity of virtual training learners' content satisfaction recruitment, four factor models were derived: content substance, content utilization, system and operation support, and intention to continue use. This study is meaningful in that it empirically developed a tool to measure content satisfaction of virtual training learners and provided a reference frame and criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

This study is to isolate bio-active compounds from Alnus firma and evaluate their antioxidant activity. Dried wood powder of A. firma was extracted by organic solvents and fractionated in the sequential extraction steps. The isolated compounds were characterized by EI-MS, $^{13}C-$ and $^1H-NMR$ including COSY, DEFT, HMQC, and HMBC. Antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging effect. From the wood of A. firma, three kinds of diarylheptanoids, alnusodiol (1), alnusonol (2) and alnusone (3), and gallic acid (4) were isolated. Among these four compounds, compound 1, 2, and 3 are isolated from A. firma for the first time. The antioxidant activity of gallic acid was 93.5% at the concentration of 100 ppm. This compound showed stronger antioxidant activity than those of other isolated compounds and the reference BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1143-1148
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• 2010

We investigated the separation of nitrogen heterocyclic compound (NHC) contained in a model coal tar fraction comprising four kinds of NHC [indole (In), quinoline (Q), iso-quinoline (iQ), quinaldine (Qu)], three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compound (BAC) [1-methylnaphthalene (1MN), 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN), dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) mixture with ten structural isomers (DMNs; regarded as one component)], biphenyl (Bp) and phenyl ether (Pe) by liquid membrane permeation (LMP). A batch-stirred tank was used as the permeation unit. An aqueous solution of saponin and n-hexane were used as the liquid membrane and the outer oil phase, respectively. Yield and selectivity of individual NHC was much larger than that of BAC, Bp and Pe. Increasing the initial mass fraction of the saponin to the membrane solution ($C_{sap,0}$) and the initial volume fraction of O/W emulsion to total liquid in a stirred tank (${\phi}_{OW,0}$) resulted in deteriorating the yield of individual NHC, but increasing the stirring speed (N) resulted in improving the yield of each NHC. With increasing $C_{sap,0}$, the selectivity of each NHC based on DMNs increased. Increasing ${\phi}_{OW,0}$ and N resulted in decreasing the selectivity of individual NHC based on DMNs. At an experimental condition fixed, the sequence of the yield and selectivity in reference to DMNs for each NHC was Q > Qu = iQ > In. Furthermore, we compared LPM method with methanol extraction method in view of the separation efficiency (yield, selectivity) of NHC.