• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1999년도 제14차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.104-107
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• 1999

Tracking control of an arbitrary reference has been discussed for 7Th order 2-input 2-output non-minimum phase EGR/VGT diesel engines. To meet strict emission regulations and customer demands, the desired set points, the air-fuel ratio and the ERG flow fraction, determined from a static engine data based on engine speed and the desired fueling rate are transformed into the set points for the two sensor measurement outputs. Applying the sliding mode tracking control theory proposed by Jeong and Utkin, two step design was carried out using the bounded solution of an unstable zero dynamics for the given reference signals. This paper shows through simulations how stabilization of unstable zero dynamics and reference tracking can be accomplished simultaneously.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.767-802
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• 2011

Developers of new finite elements or nonlinear solution techniques rely on discriminative benchmark tests drawn from the literature to assess the advantages and drawbacks of new formulations. Buckling benchmark tests provide a rigorous evaluation of finite elements applied to thin structures, and a complete and detailed set of reference results would therefore prove very useful in carrying out such evaluations. Results are usually presented in the form of load-deflection curves that developers must reconstruct by extracting the points, a procedure which is often tedious and inaccurate. Moreover the curves are usually given without accompanying information such as the calculation time or number of iterations it took for the model to converge, even though this type of data is equally important in practice. This paper presents ten different limit-point buckling benchmark tests, and provides for each one the reference load-deflection curve, all the points necessary to recreate the curve in tabulated form, analysis data such as calculation time, number of iterations and increments, and all of the inputs used to obtain these results.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The Korean government plans to introduce the building energy performance standard which regulates the annual energy consumption of buildings. This paper aimed to set up the reference building from database based on the building design trends for non-residential buildings. We surveyed the design data of 435 non-residential buildings which were granted building permission from 2007 to 2011. And we conducted estimation on the heating & cooling load and the energy consumption of the reference building using ECO2 program. From results, the reference building of non-residential buildings was office building which had a total 7 floors and $20,838m^2$ gross floor area. And it suggests the design reference data of building envelope, HAVC, heat source equipment and lighting system for the reference building. The total annual energy use of the reference building was $151.9kWh/m^2yr$.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.108-111
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• 2015

Purpose Lately, in accordance with the increasing interest about Healthcare accreditation program and International laboratory accreditation scheme, requirements about the instrument quality management are gradually taking shape. In nuclear medicine In vitro laboratory, the most typical instruments are multi detector gamma counter and automatic dispensing system. Each laboratory continue with the quality control adequate for circumstances. The purpose of this study is to application and establish the new Calibrator[I-125]Set which is efficient at standardization of equipment quality management. Materials and Methods Deviation between detectors were measured with 12 solid samples of the Calibrator[I-125]Set. their activities differ from each other by less than 1%. Multi detector gamma counters are GAMMA-10;Shinjin medics. Inc, Goyansi, Korea(Gamma counter A), SR300;Stratec biomedical systems AG, Gewerbestr, Germany(Gamma counter B) and COBRA II; Packard Instrument Co. Inc, Meriden, USA(Gamma counter C). Evaluation of two automatic dispensing system used A, B liquid tracer of the Calibrator[I-125]Set. After dispensing and counting, calculated using the ratio of the measured value and proposed value. We used solution A for 20, 25ul and solution B for 50, 100ul. Method of data analysis and reference range was provided by kit documentation. Furthermore, we could calculate our counter efficiency indirectly. Results The CV(%) of measured values by Gamma counter A, B, C are 0.34, 0.70, 1.30. Calculated value are 1.05314, 2.10419, 4.08485. Provided reference range is less than 3. A dispensing system's calculated values are 0.986, 0.989, 1.023, 1.017 and B are 0.874, 0.725, 1.021, 0.904. Provided reference range is from 0.95 to 1.05. Also, counter's efficiency are 74.18, 72.79, 74.32% at counter A, B, C and efficiency of the one detector counter is 79.26%. Conclusion If using this Calibrator[I-125]Set after verifying whether quality assurance, is applicable to equipment quality management on behalf of the role of gold standard.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.201-217
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• 1998

This paper attempts to show how DEA(data envelopment analysis), a nonparametric productivity analysis method, can be employed for insurance companies to improve their respective efficiencies and competitiveness. Specifically, we measured relative technical efficiencies and returns to scale of 11 Korean property-liability insurance companies using BCC model, and raised several issues including the cause of inefficiency, benchmarking toward reference set and resource allocation concerning the insurance companies. Also, in order to monitor the variability of the research results over periods, we employed longitudinal analysis to see the moving patterns of technical efficiencies, returns to scale and frequencies included in the reference set of the individual insurance companies under consideration. The methodology and the results in this paper may also serve as a useful guideline for individual insurance companies to set their respective business strategies.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.197-212
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic software system for bone age evaluation and to evaluate its accuracy in testing and feasibility in clinical practice. 20394 left-hand radiographs of healthy children (2-18 years old) were collected from China Skeletal Development Survey data of 1998 and China Skeletal Development Survey data of 2005. Three experienced radiologists and China-05 standard maker jointly evaluate the stages of bone development and the reference bone age was determined by consensus. 1020 from 20394 radiographs were picked randomly as test set and the remaining 19374 radiographs as training set and validation set. Accuracy of the automatic software system for bone age assessment is evaluated in test set and two clinical test sets. Compared with the reference standard, the automatic software system based on RUS-CHN for bone age assessment has a 0.04 years old mean difference, ±0.40 years old in 95% confidence interval by single reading, a 85.6% percentage agreement of ratings, a 93.7% bone age accuracy rate, 0.17 years old of MAD, 0.29 years old of RMS; Compared with the reference standard, the automatic software system based on TW3-C RUS has a 0.04 years old mean difference, a ±0.38 years old in 95% confidence interval by single reading, a 90.9% percentage agreement of ratings, a 93.2% bone age accuracy rate, a 0.16 years of MAD, and a 0.28 years of RMS. Automatic software system, AI-China-05 showed reliably accuracy in bone age estimation and steady determination in different clinical test sets.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a high performance L1 cache structure for the high clock CPU. The proposed cache memory consists of three parts, i.e., a direct-mapped cache to support fast access time, a two-way set associative buffer to reduce miss ratio, and a way-select table. The most recently accessed data is stored in the direct-mapped cache. If a data has a high probability of a repeated reference, when the data is replaced from the direct-mapped cache, the data is stored into the two-way set associative buffer. For the high performance and fast access time, we propose an one way among two ways set associative buffer is selectively accessed based on the way-select table (WST). According to simulation results, access time can be reduced by about 7% and 40% comparing with a direct cache and Intel i7-6700 with two times more space respectively.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2003

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI's) are new nutrient intake standards that are being set for the United States and Canada. There are currently four types of DRI's: Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL). The EAR is the nutrient intake that would be adequate for about half the population, while intake at the RDA should be adequate for 97-98% of the population. When the data are insufficient to set an EAR and RDA, then an AI is set. The UL is the highest intake level that does not pose a risk of adverse effects. The EAR, AI, and UL may be used to assess intakes of both individuals and of groups of people. For individuals, the EAR is used to calculate the probability that intake is inadequate, the AI is used to decide if the probability of inadequacy is low, and the UL is used to determine if a risk of excess intake is present. For groups. the EAR is used to estimate the prevalence of inadequacy, the AI is used to decide if the prevalence of inadequacy is low, and the UL is used to estimate the prevalence of excessive intakes. Because this approach to setting and applying nutrient standards is new, research recommendations include improving estimates of risk, improving dietary data, and improving statistical methods.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Information about the formation and filling (in 2014 to 2016) of a terminological dictionary on electronics and radioengineering and collective work (in 2017 to 2018) with a data bank "TERMIN" is presented in this article. In purpose of creating an instrument of navigating the modern scientific-technical space a net of terms with set semantic links is described. This set is based on the analysis of terms' definitions (each term is checked for inclusion in the definitions of all other terms; the definitions were borrowed from reputable reference editions: encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books). The created model of a system that consists of different information sources, in which it (information) is indexed by the terminology of Russian State Rubricator of Scientific and Technical Information rubrics and/or keywords, is described. There is an access for the search in all these sources in the system. Searching inquiries are referred to in the language of these rubrics or formulated by arbitrary terms. The system is to refer to information sources and give out relevant information. In accordance with this model, semantic links of various types, which allow expanding a search at different modalities of query, should be set among data bank terms. Obtained links will have to increase semantic matching, i.e., they can provide actual understanding of the meaning of the information that is being sought.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2007

Receive operating characteristic (ROC) approach can be employed to rank candidate genes from a microarray experiment, in particular, for the biomarker development with the purpose of population screening of a cancer. In the cancer microarray experiment based on n patients the researcher often wants to compare the tumor tissue with the normal tissue within the same individual using a common reference RNA. Ideally, this experiment produces n pairs of microarray data. However, it is often the case that there are missing values either in the normal or tumor tissue data. Practically, we have $n_1$ pairs of complete observations, $n_2$ "normal only" and $n_3$ "tumor only" data for the microarray. We refer to this data set as a mixed data set. We develop a ROC approach on the mixed data set to rank candidate genes for the biomarker development for the colorectal cancer screening. It turns out that the correlation between two ranks in terms of ROC and t statistics based on the top 50 genes of ROC rank is less than 0.6. This result indicates that employing a right approach of ranking candidate genes for the biomarker development is important for the allocation of resources.