• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.260-263
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• 2000

A technique that uses linear prediction to achieve noise reduction in a voice signal which has been mixed with an ambient noise (Signal to Noise (S-N) ratio = about 0dB) is proposed. This noise reduction method which is based on the linear prediction estimates the voice spectrum while ignoring the spectrum of the noise. The performance of the noise reduction method is first examined using the transversal linear predictor filter. However, with this method there is deterioration in the tone quality of the predicted voice due to the low level of the S-N ratio. An additional processing circuit is then proposed so as to adjust the noise reduction circuit with an aim of improving the problem of tone deterioration. Next, we consider a practical application where the effects of round on errors arising from fixed-point computation has to be minimized. This minimization is achieved by using the lattice predictor filter which in comparison to the transversal type, is Down to be less sensitive to the round-off error associated with finite word length operations. Finally, we consider a practical application where noise reduction is necessary. In this noise reduction method, both the voice spectrum and the actual noise spectrum are estimated. Noise reduction is achieved by using the linear predictor filter which includes the control of the predictor filter coefficient’s update.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.66-72
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• 1999

It is necessary to discuss lightening engine parts and reducing the friction of sliding parts to improve fuel consumption and combustion stability at idling condition. Lean best torque combustion which produce maximum power at a lean air-fuel ratio is effective for the reduction of exhaust gas emission and the improvement of fuel consumption. Accordingly, this study deals with the expansion of lean combustible limitation, the combustion stability and the reduction of idle speed through the analysis of combustion characteristics on the base of the control technique of precise air-fuel ratio because it does not need to maximum power at idling condition. The idle speed is increased proportional to ISC(Idle Speed Control) duty ratio. On the other hand the idle speed decreased by lean air-fuel ratio. The COV in engine speed is stable within maximum two percent up to 17.6 mixture ratio by the control of ISC duty ratio.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2021

The initial electrochemical performance of ceramic fuel cell with thin-film electrolyte fabricated by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition method was evaluated in terms of peak power density ratio, open circuit voltage ratio, and activation/ohmic resistance ratios at 500℃. Hydrogen and air were used as anode fuel and cathode fuel, respectively. The peak power density ratio reduced as ~52% for 30 min, which continually decreased as time increased but degradation rate gradually decreased. The open circuit voltage ratio decreased with respect time; however, its behavior was evidently different from the reduction behavior of the peak power density. The activation resistance ratio increased as ~127% for 30 min, which was almost similar with the reduction behavior of the peak power density ratio.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2019

Recently, copper alloy netting has been proposed as a material for aquaculture facilities that can be set in harsh offshore environments. To design a cage made of copper alloy netting, it is necessary to calculate the flow of water through the netting and force of external sources on the netting. Therefore, this study measured and analyzed the current velocity reduction after passing through the netting and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the netting using copper alloy netting with nine solidity ratios. As a result of the reduction rate of the flow velocity through the netting, the flow reduction rate was increased as the solidity ratio of netting was increased. The flow reduction rate was also increased as the attack angle on the netting was decreased. In analyzing the resistance on the netting, we also discovered that resistance was increased with increase in the flow velocity and solidity ratio. An analysis of the hydrodynamic coefficient acting on the netting is shown that the drag coefficient tends to increase as the attack angle increases. We also analyzed the hydrodynamic coefficient according to the variation of the Reynolds number. When the drag coefficients acting on the netting were analyzed with the different Reynolds numbers, the Reynolds number increased from over 0.3 m/s to a relative constant. Finally, the copper alloy nettings had a smaller velocity reduction rate when comparing the flow velocity reduction rate between copper alloy nettings and nylon nettings.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to derive the optimum mixing ratio of phosphorescent pigment for the development of phosphorescent line marking. METHODS: In this study, we utilized a literature review and case study methodology, to describe the domestic and foreign state of practice for the production and mixing of phosphorescent pigment for use in line marking. The optimal mixing ratio was derived by comparing the reduction in luminance over time for the various phosphorescent pigment mixing ratios identified in the literature. In addition, performance and construction characteristics were analyzed using field testing techniques. RESULTS : The results were as follows: 1) the results of the luminance performance standards tests showed that all of the phosphorescence test specimens satisfied the phosphorescent fire protection standard. As the phosphorescent pigment mixing ratio increased, the luminance value increased, 2) the luminance reduction rate was minimum at the mixing ratio of 50%. However, when compared to a mixing ratio 40%, a small difference was recorded, the luminance reduction rate from the mixing ratio of 40% is judged as being converged. Therefore, in view of the economic efficiency, it was determined that the optimal mixing ratio was 40%, 3) as a result of construction on the field, a mixing ratio of 40% was found to have a higher luminance value than the general line marking for up to three hours after sunset, 4) it was found that the phosphorescent line markings without glass beads spraying had a higher luminance value than the phosphorescent line markings with glass beads spraying. CONCLUSIONS : Through the results of the basic experiments of the line markings obtained by blending a phosphorescent pigment, the results could be applied to play an important role in the development of phosphorescent line marking paint technology and in establishing application planning for on-site construction characteristics.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2007년 가을학술발표회
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• pp.363-372
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• 2007

The residual settlement due to difference between predicted and observed settlement is one of the social problems during reclaiming construction in the soft ground having a deep depth such as Busan and Gwangyang province. Prediction error for the secondary compression settlement makes the construction much harder. To examine characteristics of the secondary compression settlement, the secondary compression index is the most important factor. In this study, various empirical methods for determining the secondary compression index are evaluated. And errors applied to the design case practically are also explained. The pre loading method is the only way to reduce the secondary compression settlement and reduction ratio of the secondary compression should be investigated correctly. Hence, research results on the reduction ratio of the secondary compression are analyzed in this paper. Moreover, decrement of the secondary compression index due to over consolidation ratio is examined closely by laboratory consolidation test using clay in the Gwangyang area.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate reduction of exhaust gas temperature in LPG conversion engine from diesel. A conventional diesel engine was modified to a LPG(Liquified Petroleum Gas) engine that diesel fuel injection pump was replaced by the LPG fuel system. The research was peformed with measurement of exhaust gas temperature by varying spark ignition timing, air-fuel ratio, compression ratio, EGR ratio and different compositions of butane and propane. The major conclusion of this work were followed. (i) Exhaust gas temperature was decreased and power was increased with the advanced spark ignition timing. (ii) Exhaust gas temperature was decreased with lean and rich air-fuel ratio. (iii)Exhaust gas temperature was decreased and power was increased with the higher compression ratio. (iv) Engine power and exhaust temperature were not influenced by varied butane/propane fuel compositions. (v) Finally, one of the important parameters in reduction of exhaust gas temperature is spark ignition timing among the parameters in this study.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2008

도시화는 유출량의 증가와 도달시간의 감소에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이는 하류 지점의 빈번한 범람을 야기시키고 있다. 따라서 유역내에 침투시설과 저류시설 등 유출저감효과를 기대할 수 있는 여러 가지 시설을 이용하여 유출량을 저감시킬 수 있는 각종 규모의 지체저류시설을 활용하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 세가지의 형태(세장형(SF=0.204), 집중형(SF=0.782), 중간형(SF=0.567))로 유역을 가정하여 일반적으로 유역 말단에 설치하던 유수지(저류지)를 유역내의 임의의 위치에 설치하여 단일저류지와 복수 저류지에 대해 각각 유출저감효과를 분석하고, 이들 저류지의 위치관련변수와 수문학적으로 분석하였다. 단일 저류지의 위치에 따른 유출저감효과를 분석하기 위해 유역의 형상에 따라 저류지의 위치는 전체 유역면적에 대한 저류지 상류부 면적의 비(이하 저류지 상류부 면적비, DUAR(Dimensionless Upstream Area Ratio)이라 한다)를 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%로 변동시키면서 모의분석을 수행하였으며, 복수 저류지의 위치에 따른 유출저감효과를 분석하기 위해 단일 저류지 분석시 적용한 유역형상 중 중간형 유역을 대상으로 하여 방류구조와 유역의 제반사항은 단일 저류지의 모의시와 동일하게 가정하였고, 저류지가 분담하는 유역의 면적비를 바탕으로 하여 DUAR 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, 140%의 경우에 대해 분석하였다. 이 때 저류지 바닥면적(Ab)의 크기는 유역면적에 대해 각각 1%와 0.5%를 취하는 경우의 두 가지로 구분지어 모의분석을 실시하였다. 저류지의 위치에 따른 유출저감효과를 분석한 결과 세장형의 유역이 적은 저류량에 대해 유출저감효과가 우수하였으며, 저류지의 위치 관련변수의 관계도 및 관계식을 제시하였고, 이를 시험유역에 적용시켜 검증하였다. 저류지 위치 관련변수의 관계도 및 관계식을 이용하여 단일 저류지와 복수 저류지의 개략적인 위치선정 기준을 제안하였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

We examined the characteristics of $NO_x$ emission for CH4/air non-premixed flames using the exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) methods, which are the air-induced EGR(AI-EGR) and fuel-induced EGR(FI-EGR) methods. Our experimental results show that the $NO_x$ emission index($EI_{NOx}$) decreased with increasing EGR ratio. In the range needed to form a stable flame, the reduction rate of $EI_{NOx}$ for the FI-EGR method was approximately 29% when the EGR ratio was 20%, and the reduction rate for the AI-EGR method was approximately 28% with 25% of the EGR ratio. According to the flame structure based on numerical results, high temperature regions for the FI-EGR method were narrower and lower than those for the AI-EGR method at the same EGR ratio. Furthermore, based on the experimental results for swirl flames, the reduction rate of $EI_{NOx}$ for the FI-EGR method was approximately 49% with 15% of the EGR ratio, while the maximum reduction rate for AI-EGR method was approximately 45% with 25% of the EGR ratio. Consequently, we verified that the FI-EGR method was more effective than the AI-EGR method in reducing $NO_x$ emission for non-premixed flames with EGR. We expect that the results of this study will provide fundamental information relating to hybrid combustion systems, which can be used in the design of combustion systems in the future.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.506-513
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 무기계 혼화재료인 제올라이트 및 활성 황토를 혼입한 모르타르의 역학적 특성, 흡수율, NOx 저감 성능을 평가하였다. 제올라이트 및 활성 황토는 결합재로서 시멘트의 대체재로 사용되었으며 치환율은 각 20, 30%로 설정하였다. 각 배합의 압축강도 및 휨강도를 평가한 결과, Plain 배합에서 가장 높은 강도가 평가되었다. 제올라이트 및 활성 황토의 혼입율이 증가할수록 강도가 낮아지는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 활성 황토와 제올라이트 혼입 배합간의 강도 차이는 미미한 수준으로 나타났다. 흡수율을 평가하기 위해 기존의 배합의 물-결합재 비를 낮추고 활성 황토 및 제올라이트의 치환률을 25%로 설정한 배합을 설계하였다. 제올라이트 혼입 배합에서 가장 높은 흡수율이 평가되었으며, 나머지 두 배합 간에 흡수율의 차이는 매우 적었다. 광촉매 코팅의 유무를 고려한 NOx 저감 성능을 평가한 결과, 동일 배합이라 하더라도 광촉매를 코팅함에 따라 뚜렷한 NOx 농도 저감이 나타났다. 또한 제올라이트 및 활성 황토는 다공성 성질을 갖기 때문에 Plain 배합 보다 높은 NOx 감소 성능을 나타내었다. 활성 황토 배합의 경우 흡수율은 제올라이트 배합보다 낮은 값을 나타내었지만, 제올라이트 혼입 배합보다 뛰어난 NOx 저감 성능이 나타났다.