• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.376-383
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• 1999

The effects of $\beta$-carotene substitutionl for vitamin A and the chronic consumption of ethanol of ethanol on hepatic folate metabolism were studied it rats. The substitution of $\beta$-carotene for vitamin A depressed hepatic 10-formyl-tetreahydrofolate dehydrogenase(10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate : NADP oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.5. 1.6)activity to 65% of controls(p<0.001) and enhanced hepatic 5, 10-methy-lenetetrahydrofolate reductase(E. C. 6.3.3.2)activity by 56% with respect to control levels(p<0.001). Hepatic activity of 10-formyltertrahydrofolate dehydrogenase was depressed to about half that of control levels by ethanol administration to rats(36% ethanol diet, p<0.001). The activity of 5, 10-methyleneterahydrofolate reductase was not changed by ethanol consumption. The increased activity of 5, 10-methyleneterahydrofolate reductase and the decreased activity of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase appeared to decrease the level of nonmethyl folate conezyme and the rate of one-carbon metabolism. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in rats fed ethanol(p<0.01) o $\beta$-carotene(p<0.001) than in controls, which suggests that increased activity of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase can depress homocysteine metabolism. We concluded that dietary substitution of $\beta$-carotene for vitamin A or chronic administration of ethanol resulted in changes in the activity of hepatic folate-dependent enzymes, which could affect the distribution of folate derivatives, plasma homocysteine levels and one-carbon metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.1 s.140
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Twenty eight compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia jolkinii and evaluated for inhibitory effect on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ activity. Among the tested compounds, 1-desgalloyl eugeniin, hippomanin A, euphorbin D, exocoecarianin, rugosin E, and pentagalloyl glucose showed potent inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The inhibitory potency of rugosin E and euphorbin D, which are dimeric ellagitannins on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ activity, was 7-to 8-fold stronger than that of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.72-72
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• 1995

Monoclonal antibodies against bovine brain succinic semialdehyde reductase were produced and characterized. A total of nine monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes of the enzyme were obtained, of which two inhibited the enzyme activity and three stained cytosol of rat spinal cord neurons as observed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. When unfractionated total proteins of bovine brain homogenate were seperated by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotted, the antibodies specifically recognized a single protein band of 34 kDa, which comigrates with purified bovine succinic semialdehyde reducatase Using the antisuccinic semialdehyde reductase antibodies as probes, we investigated the cross-reactivites of brain succinic semialdehyde reductases from some mammalian and an avian species. The immunoreactive bands on Western blots appeared to be the same in molecular mass-34 kDa-in all animal species tested, including humans. The result indicated that brain succinic semialdehyde reductase is distinct from other aldehyde reductases and that mammalian brains contain only one succinic semialdehyde reductase. Moreover, the enzymes among the species are imunologically very similar, although some properties of the enzymes reported previously were different from one another.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

To develop transgenic orchardgrass resistant to reactive oxygen species produced from environmental stresses, a vector with the cytosolic glutathione reductase cDNA (BcGRl) from Chinese cabbage was constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and was introduced into orchardgrass using Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101. Transgenic plants from hygromycin-selected calli of orchardgrass did not show any morphological difference from wild-type plants. The results of PCR amplification and genomic Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of foreign gene into the chromosome of transgenic orchardgrass. Northern blot analysis with total RNA from leaves also confirmed the constitutive expression of BcGR1 in transgenic orchardgrass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 1989

Effect of perilla oil on the fatty acid composition, ACAT and HMG-CoA reductase in the liver microsomes, or cholesterol and protein in serum of rabbit were examined. 1. The content of total protein in serum was almost same amount of both groups, but ${\alpha_1}-globulin$ and r-globuline were incresed or ${\beta}-globulin$ was decresed compared with control. 2. The content of high density lipoprotein incresed, and the content of low density lipoprotein decresed in lipoprotein. 3. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were decresed, and the content of phospholipid was incresed. 4. Perilla oil did not effect for changing blood glucose and $Na^+,\;K^+$ electrolytes. 5. Perilla oil did not effect for changing serum GOT and GPT in rabbit. 6. The activity of ACAT decresed and the activity of HMG-CoA reductase incresed. The activity of ACAT and HMG-CoA reductase in liver microsomes were reciprocal. 7. There were arachidonic acid 20:4, eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5, and docosahexaenoic acid 22:6 in the liver microsomes of rabbits. These highly polyunsaturated fatty acids were convented from linolenic acid 18:3 n-3.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2006

In this study, we have purified and characterized the membrane bound nitrate reductase obtained from the denitrifying bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi SY509, which was isolated from soil samples. O. anthropi SY509 can grow in minimal medium using nitrate as a nitrogen source. We achieved an overall purification rate of 15-fold from the protein extracted from the membrane fraction, with a recovery of approximately 12% of activity. The enzyme exhibited its highest level of activity at pH 5.5, and the activity was increased up to $70^{\circ}C$. Periplasmic and cytochromic proteins, including nitrite and nitrous oxide reductase, were excluded during centrifugation and were verified using enzyme essay. Reduced methyl viologen was determined to be the most efficient electron donor among a variety of anionic and cationic dyestuffs, which could be also used as an electron donor with dimethyl dithionite. The effects of purification and storage conditions on the stability of enzyme were also investigated. The activity of the membranebound nitrate reductase was stably maintained for over 2 weeks in solution. To maintain the stability of enzyme, the cell was disrupted using sonication at low temperatures, and enzyme was extracted by hot water without any surfactant. The purified enzyme was stored in solution with no salt to prevent any significant losses in activity levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.946-950
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• 2004

Young radishes which were grown in the soil containing sulfur increased quinine reductase (QR) activity in Hepa 1clc cells and isothiocyanate-like compound analyzed by HPLC. QR inducing activity was maximum in young radishes grown with 1,818 g/㎥ sulfur and was decreased when the soil was neutralized with lime mortar in order to improve a recovery. These results have suggested that consumption of young radishes, especially grown in the presence of sulfur, would prevent from cancer incidence through inducing detoxification enzymes and could have therapeutic effects for chemoprevention.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2018

Alopecia cause psychological stress due to their effect on appearance. Thus, the global market size of the alopecia treatment products are growing quickly. Timosaponin A III is the well known active ingredient of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. In this study, we investigated and compared the binding affinity of timosaponin A III with finasteride (5-beta reductase antagonist) and minoxidil (androgen receptor antagonist) on the target protein active site by in silico computational docking studies. The three dimensional crystallographic structure of 5-beta reductase (PDB ID : 3G1R) and androgen receptor (PDB ID: 4K7A) was obtained from PDB database. In silico computational autodocking analysis was performed using PyRx, Autodock Vina, Discovery Studio Version 4.5, and NX-QuickPharm option based on scoring functions. The timosaponin A III showed optimum binding affinity (docking energy) with 5-beta reductase as -12.20 kcal/mol as compared to the finasteride (-11.70 kcal/mol) and with androgen receptor as -9.00 kcal/mol as compared to the minoxidil (-7.40 kcal/mol). The centroid X, Y, Z grid position of the timosaponin A III on the 5-beta reductase was similar (overlap) to the finasteride, but the X, Y, Z centroid grid of the timosaponin A III on the androgen receptor was significantly far from the minoxidil centroid position. These results significantly indicated that timosaponin A III could be more potent antagonist to the 5-beta reductase and androgen receptor. Therefore, the extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma or timosaponin A III containing biomaterials can substitute the finasteride and minoxidil and can be applied to the alopecia protecting product and related industrial fields.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-361
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• 2009

Aldose reductase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from porcine liver. The purified enzyme was a monomer of 36 kDa. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ ions. Incubation of the enzyme with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate led to complete inhibition of enzymatic activity, suggesting that lysine residue is involved at or near the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme exhibited a broad substrate specificity. Furthermore, the enzyme was capable of decolorizing Alizarin, an anthraquinone dye.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.3 s.126
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• pp.248-252
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• 2001

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the hypoglycemic effect and inhibitory effect of Cudrania tricuspidata root bark on aldose reductase activity. C. tricuspidata MeOH ext. 1,000 mg/kg showed a significant blood glucose lowering effect on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats and increasing body weight. C. tricuspidata MeOH ext. showed a potent inhibitory effect on bovine lens aldose reductase.