• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.277-280
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• 2010

LSP(Line Spectrum Pairs) Parameter is used for speech analysis in vocoders or recognizers since it has advantages of constant spectrum sensitivity, low spectrum distortion and easy linear interpolation. However the method of transforming LPC(Linear Predictive Coding) into LSP is so complex that it takes much time to compute. Among conventional methods, the real root method is considerably simpler than others, but nevertheless, it still suffers from its indeterministic computation time because the root searching is processed sequentially in frequency region. We suggest a method of reducing the LSP transformation time using voice characteristics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 1990

Ethanolic tetra carbonylhydridoferrate solution combined with dialdehyde (no of carbon; 4,5,6) is very efficient for the selective transformation of amino group into N-heterocyclic compound. However, a large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic amines react with the ferrate-pimelaldehyde at room temperature under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N-alkyiamine derivatives in moderate yields instead of the corresponding N-substituted perhydroazocine derivatives.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.5
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• pp.631-641
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• 2020

In the present work, an approach for the multiple time probabilistic characterization of the response of linear structural systems subjected to random non-Gaussian processes is presented. Its fundamental property is working directly on the multiple time probability density functions of the actions and of the response. This avoids of passing through the evaluation of the response statistical moments at multiple time or correlations, reducing the computational effort in a consistent measure. This approach is the extension to the multiple time case of a previously published dynamic Probability Transformation Method (PTM) working on a single evolution of the response statistics. The application to some simple examples has revealed the efficiency of the method, both in terms of computational effort and in terms of accuracy.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2018

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for monitoring how much oxygenated hemoglobin is present in the blood. The principle of pulse oximetry is based on the red infrared light adsorption characteristics of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Even through the convenience of a pulse oximeter, its weak signal-to-noise ratio against motion artifacts and low perfusion makes it difficult to be accepted by execs devices. Several researchers have suggested the use of an adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) algorithm. They have demonstrated that ANC is feasible for reducing the effects of motion artifacts. Masimo Corporation developed a discrete saturation transformation (DST) algorithm that uses a reference signal and ANC. In commercial devices, it is very hard to escape it because Masimo's patents are very powerful and a better method is yet to be developed. This study proposes a new method that can measure noise saturation as well as accurate oxygen saturation from signals with high motion artifacts without using ANC and DST. The proposed algorithm can extract a normal signal without noise from a signal with motion artifacts. The reference signal from a pulse oximeter simulator was used for the evaluation of our proposed algorithm and achieved good results.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.595-607
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• 2010

This paper addresses the problem of reducing the speckle noise in SAR images by wavelet transformation, using a non-local means(NLM) filter originated for Gaussian noise removal. Log-transformed SAR image makes multiplicative speckle noise additive. Thus, non-local means filtering and wavelet thresholding are used to reduce the additive noise, followed by an exponential transformation. NLM filter is an image denoising method that replaces each pixel by a weighted average of all the similarly pixels in the image. But the NLM filter takes an acceptable amount of time to perform the process for all possible pairs of pixels. This paper, also proposes an alternative strategy that uses the t-test more efficiently to eliminate pixel pairs that are dissimilar. Extensive simulations showed that the proposed filter outperforms many existing filters terms of quantitative measures such as PSNR and DSSIM as well as qualitative judgments of image quality and the computational time required to restore images.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.220-224
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• 2011

Zircon has excellent thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties, but it is hard to make a dense sintered product because of dissociation during the sintering process. This study analyzes how the addition of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ affects the mechanical properties of sintered zircon, particularly in regards to reducing the thermal dissociation and improving the mechanical properties of $ZrSiO_4$. Zircon specimens containing different amounts of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ were prepared and sintered to observe how the mechanical properties of $ZrSiO_4$ changed according to the differing amount of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$. The $ZrSiO_4$ that was used for the starting material was ground by ball mill to an average particle size of 3 ${\mu}m$. The $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ that was used for additives were ground to an average particle size of 3 ${\mu}m$ and 0.5 ${\mu}m$, respectively. Adding $SiO_2$ resulted in transformation in the liquid phase at high temperatures, which had little effect on suppressing the thermal dissociation but enhanced the mechanical properties of $ZrSiO_4$. When $Al_2O_3$ was added, the mechanical properties of $ZrSiO_4$ decreased due to the formation of pores and abnormal grains in the microstructure of the sintered zircon.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.723-730
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a combined method for remediating a Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (CAHs) mixtures-contaminated aquifer. The process is consist of two processes. A chemical process (1st) using natural zinc ores for reducing higher concentrations of CAH mixtures to the level at which biological process is feasible; and A biological process (2nd) using aerobic cometabolism for treating lower concentration of CAH mixtures (less than 1 mg/L). Natural zinc ore showed relatively high transformation capacity, average dehalogenation percentage, and the best economic efficiency in previously our study. To evaluate the feasibility of the process, we operated two columns in series (that is, chemical and biological columns). In the first column filled with natural zinc ore and sand, CAH mixtures were effectively transformed with more than 95% efficiency, the efficiency depends on the Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) and the mass of zinc ore packed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to make sure whether natural zinc ore played an key role in the dechlorination of the CAH mixtures. The characteristics of zinc metal surface changed after exposure to CAHs due to oxidation of $Zn^0$ to $Zn^{2+}$. In the biological column injecting propane, DO and effluent of the chemical column, only 1,1,1-TCA was cometabolically transformed. Consequently, the combined process would be effective to remediate an aquifer contaminated with high concentrations of CAH mixtures.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.258-274
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• 2016

Recently, as fluctuations in annual precipitations continue to grow, the frequency of floods and droughts is rapidly increasing. Especially, since many reservoirs are reported as having less capacity and aging faster than large dams, the damages due to floods and droughts are estimated to become more severe. With this background for the present study, field investigation of reservoirs in Chungnam, Chungbuk, and Chonbuk regions was carried out for disaster prevention and the safety management of agricultural reservoirs. Furthermore, embankment transformations were compared and analyzed after the raising of embankments. Based on design methods for remodeling agricultural reservoirs and the results of embankment raising and the problems which occurred on crest, supplementation to the upstream and downstream slopes, control sector, and spillway should be implemented in the existing reservoir. In regard to this, the condition assessment score of compound member of reservoirs was performed, the Chungnam region score was in the 3.11-4.73 range. In addition, reservoirs in Chungbuk scored in the 4.00-4.49 range, and reservoirs in Chonbuk scored in the 3.90-4.60 range. Applying current precision safety inspection practices to small reservoirs requires economic expenses and time, for which assessment items are too varied and complex. Therefore, subdivided condition assessment items and criteria should be improved and streamlined by deleting, reducing, combining, and selecting only the riskiest factors. In the future, reservoirs should be periodically monitored and systemically managed and rational plans for maintenance and repairs should be used as reinforcement methods.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.535-548
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• 2006

To formally describe business process, many business process languages have been so far specified with different origins and goals such as XPDL, BPML and BPELAWS. Especially, XPDL proposed by WfMC has been widely used in various business process environments for a long time. On the other hand, the necessity of a standard graphical notation for a business process may create BPMN driven by BPMI. Because BPMN is composed of graphical constructs which can be used to graphically depict business process, BPMN-formed business processes should ultimately be converted to their corresponding semantically equivalent business process language(XPDL). Then, the business process languages can be consequently executed by business process engines. In this paper, we proposed a transformation mechanism from BPMN to XPDL for a business process. By this paper, We minimized the difference between process designers and process execution modules as reducing the gap of semantics between BPMN and XPDL.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.504-511
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• 2003

The property of circuit symmetry has long been applied to the Problem of minimizing the area and timing of multi-level logic circuits. In this paper, we focus on another important design objective, power minimization, utilizing circuit symmetries. First, we analyze and establish the relationship between several types of circuit symmetry and their applicability to reducing power consumption of the circuit, proposing a set of re-synthesis techniques utilizing the symmetries. We derive an algorithm for detecting the symmetries (among the internal signals as well as the primary inputs) on a given circuit implementation. We then propose effective transformation algorithms to minimize power consumption using the symmetry information detected from the circuit. Unlike many other approaches, our transformation algorithm guarantees monotonic improvement in terms of switching activities, which is practically useful in that user can check the intermediate re-synthesized designs in terms of the degree of changes of power, area, timing, and the circuit structure. We have carried out experiments on MCNC benchmark circuits to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm. On average we reduced the power consumption of circuits by 12% with relatively little increase of area and timing.