• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.865-876
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• 2004

A new concept of reduced quasi-dimensional combustion model for a direct injection diesel engine is developed based on the previously developed quasi-dimensional multi-zone model to improve the computational efficiency. In the reduced model, spray penetration and air entrainment are calculated for a number of zones within the spray while three zones with aggregated spray zone concept are used for the calculation of spray combustion and emission formation processes. It is also assumed that liquid phase fuel appears only near the nozzle exit during the breakup period and that spray vaporization is immediate in order to reduce the computational time. Validation of the reduced model with experimental data demonstrated that the new model can predict engine performance and NO and soot emissions reasonably well compared to the original model. With the new concept of reduced model, computational efficiency is significantly improved as much as 200 times compared to the original model.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.92-98
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• 1997

This paper presents a new approach to obtaining a reduced-order model for multi-module converters. The proposed approach can be used to derive the reduced-order model for a wide class of multi-module converters including pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters, soft-switched PWM converters, and resonant converters. The reduced-order model has the structure of a conventional single-module converter while preserving the dynamics of the original multi-module converter. Derivation procedures and the use of the reduced-order model is demonstrated using a three-module boost converter.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1298-1307
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the inhibition effects of single and mixed heavy metal ions ($Zn^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;and\;Cd^{2+}$) on iron oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Effects of metals on the iron oxidation activity of A. ferrooxidans are categorized into four types of patterns according to its oxidation behavior. The results indicated that the inhibition effects of the metals on the iron oxidation activity were noncompetitive inhibitions. We proposed a reduced inhibition model, along with the reduced inhibition constant ($\alpha_i$), which was derived from the inhibition constant ($K_I$) of individual metals and represented the tolerance of a given inhibitor relative to that of a reference inhibitor. This model was used to evaluate the toxicity effect (inhibition effect) of metals on the iron oxidation activity of A. ferrooxidans. The model revealed that the iron oxidation behavior of the metals, regardless of metal systems (single, binary, ternary, or quaternary), is closely matched to that of any reference inhibitor at the same reduced inhibition concentration, $[I]_{reduced}$, which defines the ratio of the inhibitor concentration to the reduced inhibition constant. The model demonstrated that single metal systems and mixed metal systems with the same reduced inhibitor concentrations have similar toxic effects on microbial activity.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2021

In this paper, we investigate the valuation of vulnerable exchange option that has credit risk of option issuer. The reduced-form model is used to model credit risk. We assume that credit event is determined by the jump of the counting process with stochastic intensity, which follows the mean reverting process. We propose a simple approach to derive the closed-form pricing formula of vulnerable exchange option under the reduced-form model and provide the pricing formula as the standard normal cumulative function.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1988년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 한국전력공사연수원, 서울; 21-22 Oct. 1988
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• pp.466-470
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• 1988

A tunable reduced-order distillation model is proposed for real-time applications. To develop the model, a binary distillation column with MaCabe-Thiele assumptions was considered first and then the governing equations for the column were reduced to a simplified vector differential equations using the collocation method combined with cubic spline interpolation function. The final reduced-order model has four tuning parameters, relative volatilities and liquid holdups for rectifying and stripping sections, respectively. To assess the applicability of the developed model,the real-time adjustment of the model was tried by recursively updating the tuning parameters using the BKF algorithm. As a result, it was found that the reduced-model follows the simulated distillation process very closely as the parameters are improved.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4411-4417
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 축소모델을 기반으로 비행체 날개를 최적화하는 기법을 제안한다. 잘 구축된 축소모델은 고유치 문제나 동적 해석 시 정확한 해석결과를 제공하며, 최적화 과정에서 필요한 민감도 계산에서도 정확한 결과를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 축소모델은 모드기반으로 구축되는 축소차수모델(Reduce Order Model)과 자유도기반으로 구축되는 축소시스템(Reduced System)으로 구분되는데, 본 연구에서 사용하는 자유도 기반 축소시스템은 구조물의 거동에 지배적인 자유도를 적절히 선정하는 것이 중요하므로, 이를 위하여 기존 연구에서 신뢰성이 검증된 2단계 축소방법을 사용하였고, IRS(Improved Reduced System)에 의해 최종시스템을 구축하였다. 수치예제에서 최적화 과정에서 계산되는 등가응력, 고유치 및 설계민감도는 모두 축소시스템 기반으로 구해지며, 축소시스템을 통해 구속조건을 잘 만족하면서 목적함수에 대한 최적 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 보인다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2021

An AMD control system is usually built based on the original model of a target building. As a result, the fact leads a large calculation workload exists. Therefore, the orders of a structural model should be reduced appropriately. Among various model-reduction methods, a suitable reduced-order model is important to high-rise buildings. Meanwhile, a partial structural information is discarded directly in the model-reduction process, which leads to the accuracy reduction of its controller design. In this paper, an optimal technique is selected through comparing several common model-reduction methods. Then, considering the dynamic characteristics of a high-rise building, an improved balanced truncation (BT) method is proposed for establishing its reduced-order model. The abandoned structural information, including natural frequencies, damping ratios and modal information of the original model, is reconsidered. Based on the improved reduced-order model, a new reduced-order controller is designed by a regional pole-placement method. A high-rise building with an AMD system is regarded as an example, in which the energy distribution, the control effects and the control parameters are used as the indexes to analyze the performance of the improved reduced-order controller. To verify its effectiveness, the proposed methodology is also applied to a four-storey experimental frame. The results demonstrate that the new controller has a stable control performance and a relatively short calculation time, which provides good potential for structural vibration control of high-rise buildings.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1766-1769
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• 1997

Fast and accurate distillation design requires a model that significantly reduces the problem size withour loss of accruacy is especially suitable for rela-time applicatoins. the reduced order model is obtained by use of Principal Component Anlysis(PCA). Then the extended Kalman filter and the Recursie Predictiuon Error(RPE) mehtod are appliced to identify the model parameters and the feed compostion form the measuremenets of the coumn. as a consequence it is found that the model reduction thechique can account for the dynamics of the rigorous distillation model and not only the model parameters, bu also the feed compostion can be identified efficiently. this technique is applied to industrial operation data verify the performance of reduced order model.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1159-1165
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• 2006

This study was done to investigate the effects of Gamisojaganggi-tang(GSGT) on immunopathologic changes in OVA-induced asthma model of mice. Pathologic indicators associated with this immune disease, which include cytokines, the number of immune-cells, immunoglobin E (IgE), were examined, and histological changes of bronchial tissues were also examined. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the lung weight compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the number of total cells in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the number of eosinophil in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT insignificantly increased the number of monocyte in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the number of lymphocyte in BAL compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the gene expression of eotaxin in lung tissue compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT insignificantly reduced the IL-4 and IL-5 production in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT insignificantly reduced the levels of total IgE and ovalbumin-specific IgE in BALF. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE whereas the serum levels of total IgE were insignificantly reduced compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT moderately reduced bronchial alveolar narrowing, bronchiovascular edema and increase in the size of alveolar space, which shown in control mice of OVA-induced asthma model, in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, GSGT reduced invasion of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in bronchial tissue. These results suggested that GSGT has suppressive effects on pathologic changes associated with disease progression in asthma through the modulation of immune system. GSGT has potential to use as an anti-asthmatic agents.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.584-593
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• 1987

A new combined approximation method using Routh stability array and mean-square error (MSE) method is proposed for deriving reduced-order z-transter functions for discrete time systems. The Routh stability array is used to obtain the reduced-order denominator polynomial, and the numerator polynomial is obtained by minimizing the mean-square error between the unit step responses of the original system and reduced model. The advantages of the new combined approximation method are that the reduced model is always stable provided the original model is stable and the initial and steady-state characteristics of the original model can be preserved in the reduced model.