• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

The present study was performed to investigate antioxidant and anti-colon cancer activities of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra DC) according to the cooking conditions (raw, microwave, blanching and steaming). The contents of red cabbage extracts were determined as follow: total phenolic contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethy lbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, western blot analysis. The total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid of red cabbage were 20.27 mg GAE/g Dry weight ${\pm}0.03$ and $2.55{\pm}0.02mg$ RE/g Dry weight. In this study, the total contents of polyphenol were decreased to both microwave and steam cooking. Total antioxidant activity and growth inhibition of HCT116 human colon cancer cells were in the order of raw > microwaving > steaming cooking methods. These results indicate that red cabbage extracts might have antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity according to the cooking conditions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of onion, red onion, or quercetin on plasma antioxidant vitamin, lipid peroxidation, and leukocyte DNA damage in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. Forty SD male rats were assigned to normal control, high fat-cholesterol diet (HF), or HF+5% onion powder, HF+5% red onion powder, or HF+0.0l% quercetin. The HF diet resulted in significantly higher plasma lipid peroxidation which decreased with onion, red onion, or quercetin supplementation. Leukocyte DNA damage induced by HF diet decreased significantly in rats fed onion and red onion, while quercetin supplementation had no effect on preventing leukocyte DNA damage. $H_2O_2$ induced leukocyte DNA damage exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with plasma retinol and tocopherols. These results suggest that onion or red onion powder exerts a protective effect with regard to DNA damage in rats fed HF diet. However, 0.01% quercetin in pure form might not be effective at preventing DNA damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.603-608
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• 1991

To improve the utilization of red pepper, the extracting conditions of oleoresin, such as kind of solvents, particle sizes of a sample, sample to solvent ratios, extraction temperatures and times, were studied. Among eight solvents used for oleoresin extraction from red pepper, the optimal solvent was acetone. The most appropriate particle size of red pepper powder, extracting temperature and mixing ratio of red pepper to acetone were 100 mesh, $25^{\circ}C$ and 1 to 3(w/w), respectively. The basis of yield in oleoresin extraction, optimum extracting time was about 5 hours. The yield of oleoresin under the above-mentioned conditions was 18.7%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.203-205
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• 2011

Investigation on oriental melon was carried out for 30 minutes starting at 7 PM every day from March 21 to May 24 to find out the effect of light emitting diode on seedling quality, grafting, growth and flowering of oriental melon. According to the result of the investigation, plant height was longer in Blue, Infrared, Red+Blue and Red treatment and leaf number was higher in Blue, Red+Blue and Infrared treatment than those of control. No big difference was identified between control and Yellow, Green, Ultraviolet treatments. Grafting rate was high in Green, Red+Blue and Green treatment. The number of flower every week in control was nine, the number was almost 1 higher in White and Ultraviolet A treatments, but it was 1 to 4 lower in the rest of treatments. The number of female flowers of control was 10, however, it was 21 in Infrared treatment, 17 in White, 15 in Ultraviolet, 13 in Red+lnfrared, 12 in Blue and Red+Blue, 11 in Yellow and 8 in Green.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination levels of ginseng and ginseng products distributed in markets. A total of 81 ginseng and ginseng products samples (fresh ginseng 37, white ginseng 15, red ginseng 15, red ginseng beverage 14) were tested to analyze sanitary indicator bacteria (total aerobic bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli), major foodborne pathogens, and fungi. The contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms were in the range of 3.19 to 7.02 log CFU/g for fresh ginseng, 0.25 to 7.31 log CFU/g for white ginseng, 0 to 2.89 log CFU/g for red ginseng and 0 to 1.70 log CFU/mL for red ginseng beverage. In case of major foodborne pathogens, B. cereus was detected at levels of 0.50 to 2.41 log CFU/g in samples except red ginseng beverage. Fungi was detected at levels of 2.41 log CFU/g in fresh ginseng, the contamination levels of the other ginseng products samples were lower than 1 log CFU/g or mL. These results indicate that the ginseng and ginseng products were comparatively safe with respect to microbiological hazard.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2008

Mycotoxins produced by molds isolated from discolored sun-dried red pepper fruits were determined and the toxicity to animals was also tested by feeding mold-grown unpolished rice to rats. Among the mold species tested, only Alternaria alternata was toxic to experimental animals, while other mold species belonging to the genera of Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Diaporthopsis, Botryosphereia, Aspergillus and Fusarium were not. Rats fed Alternaria-grown rice lost weight and died within two weeks of feeding period. Succumbed rats during the process of feeding study showed extreme cases of enlargements of stomach, small intestine and liver. Among the 17 Alternaria isolates, 8 species produced considerable amount of tenuazonic acid along with small amounts of other toxins including alternariol and monomethyl ether derivative of alternariol in both red pepper homogenate and unpolished rice. It is therefore advised that red pepper fruits infested by molds during the sun-drying process be discarded to avoid unnoticeable health hazards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.349-354
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• 2002

In order to decolorize the reactive dye wastewater, we investigated the dye-adsorption ability of chitin, which was natural polymer obtained from shrimp shell. Chitin particle(less than 250 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$n) was prepared from shrimp shells in the processes of decalcification in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and deproteination in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The particle size of chitin was controlled to less than 250 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Three tripes of the reactive dyes-C.I. Reactive Red 120, C.I. Reactive red 241 and C.I. Reactive Black 5-were used. Dye adsorption ability of chitin was investigated by dipping the particle in the dyebaths of concentration of 0.0l%, 0.03% and 0.05% for various periods of time(1,3,5, 10,20,40,80,160minutes). The influence of addition of salt(Na$_2$SO$_4$) and alkali to the dyebaths on dye-absorption was also investigated. We obtained the following results fur the dye-absolution ability of chitin in the dyebaths of three types of reactive dyes. 1) The amount of dye uptake by chitin was increased by addition of salt to the dyebaths. 2) As the concentration of alkali became higher than 3g/I, the amount of dye uptake by chitin was increased. Chitin showed good dye-adsorption ability, when the alkali concentration was high. 3) Chitin showed equal dye uptake in the three types of dyebaths when the dye concentration was 0.0l%. Over 90% of dyestuffs was adsorbed from the dyebaths in ten minutes. When the dye concentration was higher, better adsorption ability was showed in a dye bath of Reactive black 5 than in the others. When the dye concentration was 0.03%, 90% of Reactive red 120 and Reactive red 241 was adsorbed in 40 minutes and the same of Reactive black 5 in 10 minutes. When the dye concentration was 0.05%, 9()% of Reactive red 120 was adsorbed in 80 minutes, and Reactive black 5 in to minutes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.490-498
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• 2017

The in vitro growth of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plantlets was investigated under different light sources: fluorescent lamp (control); red (660 nm), blue (460 nm), white light-emitting diodes (LED), and two mixtures of blue and red LED (R:B = 8:2, and 7:3). Single node explants (10 mm) of three cultivars ('Matnami', 'Shincheonmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi') were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with $0.2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine for 4 weeks. Explants were exposed to $150{\pm}5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ photosynthetic photon flux at a distance of 20 cm, constant temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, and under 16/8-h (day/night) photoperiod. Using the same method, the in vitro growth of 10 cultivars under red LED was also compared. After 3 weeks, vine length was highest in plantlets cultured under red LED, and lowest in plantlets cultured under blue LED. Fresh and dry weights were also greatest in plantlets cultured under red LED. Compared to the control, vine thickness was significantly higher in plantlets grown under white LED and the 7:3 R:B LED mixture. Significant differences were observed among the 10 cultivars grown under red LED. 'Matnami', 'Shincheonmi', and 'Shinhwangmi' all had excellent vine lengths, and fresh and dry weights. Compared to the control, vine elongation of sweet potato plantlets was most effective under red LED, and culture duration was about 1 week shorter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 1992

This study aims at revealing the effects of the feeding mixed $\omega$-3 perilla oil and $\omega$-6 red pepper oil on fatty acid compositions of serum and platelet in rats. The diet administered to the male rats of Sprague - Dawley was composed of the peril1a oil containing about 60% $\omega$-3 linolenic acid as well as the red pepper oil with roughly 64% of $\omega$-6 linoleic acid. In the total fatty acid composition of serum lipid, SFA had no great significance among the groups, while MUFA ranged from 14.4% to 17.0% and PUFA stood from 48.0% to 53.0%. PUFA compositions of phospholipid, triglyceride and cholesteryl ester fractions, $C_{18:2}$ ($\omega$-6) was the highest in cholesteryl ester than the other components. In platelet's fatty arid composition, SFA were low in groups 2 (7.5% perilla oil＋2.5% red pepper oil) and 3 (5.0% perilla oil ＋5.0% red pepper oil), and the highest in group 5 (10% red pepper oil). MUFA stood the highest in group 3 and the lowest in group 5, while PUFA was the lowest in group 2. Ratio of EPA / AA was the highest in group 2, but group 5 was the lowest.t.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine optimum value of aeration rate for the cultivation of Chlorella sp. under illumination of red light emitting diode. The aeration rates varied from 0 to 2.4 vvm under the illumination of 4,400 lux of red light emitting diode. The highest specific growth rate of $1.51\;day^{-1}$ was obtained at the aeration of 0.7 vvm and lower specific growth rates were obtained for other aeration tests. Furthermore, the highest biomass concentration (1.02 g/L) was also obtained at the aeration of 0.7 vvm. Therefore, aeration of 0.7 vvm was determined to be the optimum aeration rate for the cultivation of Chlorella sp. under red light emitting diode.