• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2009

For standardization of LMK02 quality, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelica gigas Nakai in the constituents of LMK02 were estimated as indicative components. From LMK02 water extract, has been used in vitro test for its beneficial effects on neuronal survival and neuroprotective functions, particularly in connection with APP-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease (AD). $A{\beta}$ oligomer derived from proteolytic processing of the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP), including the amyloid-${\beta}$ peptide ($A{\beta}$), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. We determined that oligomer amyloid-${\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) have a profound attenuation in the increase in rat hippocampus H19-7 cells from. Experimental evidence indicates that LMK02 protects against neuronal damage from cells, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Using a hippocampus cell line on $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, we demonstrated that LMK02 inhibits formation of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, which are the behavior, and possibly causative, feature of AD. In the Red Ginseng, the average amounts of Ginsenoside Rg3 were $47.04{\mu}g/g$ and $42.3{\mu}g/g$, 90 % of its weight were set as a standard value. And, in the Angelica gigas Nakai, the average amounts of Decursin were 2.71 mg/g and 2.44mg/g, 90 % of its weight were also set as a standard value. The attenuated $A{\beta}$ oligomer in the presence of LMK02 was observed in the conditioned medium of this $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced cells under in vitro. In the cells, LMK02 significantly activated antiapoptosis and decreased the production of ROS. These results suggest that neuronal damage in AD might be due to two factors: a direct $A{\beta}$ oligomer toxicity and multiple cellular and molecular neuroprotective mechanisms, including attenuation of apoptosis and direct inhibition of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, underlie the neuroprotective effects of LMK02 treatment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Owing to health concerns related to the consumption of traditional snacks high in sugars and fats, much effort has been made to develop functional snacks with low calorie content. In this study, a new recipe for Korean rice cookie, dasik, was developed and its antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms were elucidated. The effects were compared with those of traditional rice cake dasik (RCD), the lipid-lowering effect of which is greater than that of traditional western-style cookies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ginseng-added brown rice dasik (GBRD) was prepared with brown rice flour, fructooligosaccharide, red ginseng extract, and propolis. Mice were grouped (n = 7 per group) into those fed a normal AIN-76 diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with RCD or GBRD. Dasik in the HFD accounted for 7% of the total calories. The lipid, reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite levels, and degree of lipid peroxidation in the plasma or liver were determined. The expression levels of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and those of antioxidant enzymes were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The plasma and hepatic total cholesterol concentrations in the GBRD group were significantly decreased via downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (P < 0.05). The hepatic peroxynitrite level was significantly lower, whereas glutathione was higher, in the GBRD group than in the RCD group. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly upregulated in the GBRD group (P < 0.05). In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) expression in the GBRD group was significantly lower than that in the RCD group. CONCLUSIONS: GBRD decreases the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels by downregulating cholesterol synthesis. This new dasik recipe also improves the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status in HFD-fed mice via CAT and GPx upregulation and NF-${\kappa}B$ downregulation. These effects were significantly higher than those of RCD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ginseng extract (GSE) and taurine (TR) are widely used antifatigue resources in functional foods. However, the mechanism underlying the antifatigue effects of GSE and TR are still unclear. Hence, we investigated whether GSE and TR have synergistic effects against fatigue in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: L6 cells were treated with different concentrations of TR and GSE, and cell viability was determined using 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium. Oxidative stress was analyzed by immunocytochemistry using MitoTracker^TM Red FM and an anti-8-oxoguanine antibody. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to investigate metabolism. Expression of an activated protein kinase was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of cluster of differentiation 36 and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mice were orally administered TR, GSE, or their combination for 30 days, and then fatigue-related parameters, including lactate, blood urea nitrogen, and glycogen, were measured after forced swimming. RESULTS: TR and GSE reduced oxidative stress levels in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated L6 cells and enhanced the oxygen uptake and lipid metabolism in mice after acute exercise. After oral administration of TR or GSE for 30 days, the fatigue-related parameters did not change in mice. However, the mice administered GSE (400 mg/kg/day) alone for 30 days could swim longer than those from the other groups. Further, no synergistic effect was observed after the swimming exercise in mice treated with the TR and GSE combination for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data suggest that TR and GSE may exert antifatigue effects in mice after acute exercise by enhancing oxygen uptake and lipid oxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 총항산화능 및 DPPH radicals 소거활성도를 통하여 항산화능을 확인한 산양삼 에탄올 추출물이 사염화탄소 투여로 급성 손상이 유도된 생쥐의 간에 대하여 보호 효능이 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 생리적 지표물질로 혈장 지질, GPT 활성, 혈장과 간의 TBARS 및 항산화효소 활성, 혈액 백혈구의 DNA fragmentation 등을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 산양삼의 DPPH radicals 소거능은 76.85 ${\pm}$ 1.06%, IC50은 33.3 ${\mu}g$/mL였으며 총 항산화능은 2.13 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg으로 양성대조군으로 사용한 아스코르브산 (96.45 ${\pm}$ 0.07%, IC50 = 16.5 ${\mu}g$/mL, 3.63 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg)과 BHT (95.40 ${\pm}$ 0.71%, 3.12 ${\pm}$ 0.02 mmoL/mg) 보다는 낮았지만 천연물질로써는 높은 수준을 보였다. 장기 무게 및 식이 섭취량은 산양삼 추출물 투여 및 사염화탄소 처치 여부에 따라서 어떤 차이도 보이지 않았다. 혈장의 GPT와 혈중 트리글리세리드의 경우 정상대조군에 비해 사염화탄소단독투여군에서 유의하게 낮았으며, 산양삼 추출물 투여군에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도는 사염화탄소단독 투여군 (84.5 ${\pm}$ 23.0 mg/dL)이 정상 대조군 (140.6 ${\pm}$ 30.3 mg/dL)에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며, 산양삼 추출물 투여군 (130.68 ${\pm}$ 31.33 mg/dL)은 정상대조군과 같은 수준이었다 (p < 0.001). 사염화탄소 단독투여군의 간조직에서 TBARS는 정상대조군 (N)에 비해 28.64% 유의하게 증가하였으며 산양삼 추출물 투여군은 정상대조군과 비슷한 수치를 보였으나 (p < 0.001) 적혈구내의 TBARS는 세 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간조직의 SOD의 활성은 산양삼 추출물 투여군에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 적혈구에서는 이러한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 적혈구내 GPx 활성은 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 20.1% 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 산양삼 추출액을 투여받은 군은 정상대조군의 수준을 유지하였다. 사염화탄소 투여군에서 혈장 백혈구의 tail DNA, tail length, tail moment 모든 값은 정상대조군에 비하여 각각 84.4%, 98.8%, 123.7% 증가하였으며, 산양삼 투여군에서는 이 모든 수치가 대조군의 수준으로 감소하였다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 5일간 산양삼 에탄올 추출물을 미리 투여한 후 사염화탄소로 급성 간 손상을 유도하였을 때 혈 중 콜레스테롤 대사를 개선하고, 간의 지질 과산화를 효과적으로 억제하였으며 간의 SOD와 적혈구 GPx의 효소 활성을 대조군 이상으로 유지시키고, 산화적 손상으로부터 DNA를 보호하는 등의 일부 생리 활성을 확인하였다. 그러나 이런 산양삼의 항산화 활성의 작용 기전에 대하여 확실히 규명되어 있지 않아 추후보다 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1984

홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉)의 흡습물성(吸濕物性) 개선(改善)에 의한 품질안정성(品質安定性)을 유지(維持)하기 위하여 천연(天然)고무질, 다당류(多糖類), 단백질(蛋白質) 및 지질(脂質) 등을 첨가(添加) 및 피막처리(被膜處理)하여 흡습율(吸濕率), 용해도(溶解度), 침강속도(沈降速度) 등을 비교(比較)하였으며 학대조건(虐待條件)하에서 장기저장(長期貯藏)하면서 피막처리제품(被朧處理製品)의 품질안정성(品質安定性)을 비교(比較)하였다. 1. 첨가제(添加劑) 자체의 방습효과(防濕效果)는 casein>dextrin>starch>aviceil의 순(順)이었으며 첨가(添加)했을 때는 corn oil + tween 40>starch>case의 순(順)으로 효과(效果)가 인정되었으나 대조구(對照區)에 비해 1%의 첨가(添加)로는 만족할만한 효과(效果)를 기대할 수 없었다. 2. 홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉)의 피막처리(被膜處理)에 사용된 피막제(被膜劑) 중에서 AEA, CAP 등은 방습효과(防濕動果)를 인정할 수 없었지만 HPC, corn oil, lecithin, HPC+corn oil등은 상당한 방습효과(防濕效業)가 인정되었으며 피막처리(被膜處理) 전에 홍삼정분(紅蓼精粉)의 초기수분함량(初期水分含量)을 조정(調整)할 필요가 있다고 판단되었다. 3. 1%이하의 피막제(被膜劑)처리(處理)에 의한 홍삼정분(紅蓼精粉)의 용해도(溶解度)에는 문제(問題)가 없었으며 침전속도(沈澱速度)를 비교(比較)하더라도 대조구(對照區) (65.1 sec)에 비해 1% HPC, 1% corn oil, 1% lecithin, 1% HPC +0.5% corn oil 처리구(處理區)(95.2${\sim}$114.3 sec)는 4.5${\sim}$l.8배(培) 높아 용해도(溶解度) 등 상품가치유지(商品價値維持)에 바람직하였다. 4. 피막제(被膜劑) 처리제품(處理製品)의 흡습율(吸濕率)을 대조구(對照區)를 100%로 하여 비교(比較)했을 때 $0.5{{\sim}}1.0%$의 lecithin 처리구(處理區)는 $54{{\sim}}56%$, 0.8%의 corn oil 처리구(處理區)는 $51{{\sim}}55%$, 0.8%의 cellulose acetate 처리구(處理區)는 $52{{\sim}}54%$로서 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)해 약 2배(倍)정도의 방습효과(防濕效果)가 인정되었다. 5. 피막제(被膜劑) 처리제품(處理製品)을 최학대조건(最虐待條件)($48{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 75%RH)에서 3개월간(個月間)의 저장실험결과(貯藏實驗結果), $0.8{{\sim}}1.0%$의 corn oil 처리구(處理區) $0.5{{\sim}}0.8%$의 cellulose acetate(DES) 처리구(處理區) 및 1%의 lecithin(DES) 처리구(處理區)는 전연 흡습(吸濕)이 나타나지 않았으며 응고(凝固) 및 용해도(溶解度) 등에 아무런 이상(異狀)이 없으므로 3년(年)이상의 유효기간(有效期間)을 설정(設定)할 수 있다고 판단되었다. 6. 따라서 첨가제(添加劑)의 효과(效果)는 크게 기대(期待)할 수 없으나 corn oil, cellulose acetate 및 lecithin등의 피막처리(被膜處理)에 의하여 홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉)의 품질안정성(品質安定性)이 유지(維持)될 것이며, 이때 초기수분함량(初期水分含量)을 조정(調整)하는 것이 더욱 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.989-996
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• 2005

본 실험은 대두 추출물과 홍삼 농축액 분말 혼합물인 APB-03(AmorePacific Beauty-03)의 경구반복투여에 대한 피부주름개선 효과를 평가하기 위하여 hairless mouse에서 경구 반복투여 및 UV 반복조사를 통한 효능평가시험을 실시하였다. 정상군(Control group)과 UV 대조군(UV control group), UV/APB-03 저용량군(UV/APB-03(XI) group), UV/APB-03 중간용량군(UV/APB-03(X5) group)과 UV/APB-03 고용량군(UV/APB-03(X10) group)을 두고, 경구로 주 5회 반복 투여하며, 광노화를 유발하기 위하여 주 3회 UV를 조사가 병행되었다. 시험 기간 중 임상증상, 체중변화 및 사료 음수 섭취량 등을 관찰하고, 2회의 피부주형을 채취하여 영상 분석을 실시하였으며 실험 종료 후 피부조직을 채취하여 병리조직학적 검사를 실시하였다. 시험물질을 투여한 모든 동물에서 시험 전 기간을 통해 사망한 동물은 없었으며, 본 시험물질에 의한 것이라고 인정되는 임상증상, 행동이상 및 체중변화 등도 관찰되지 않았으며, 부검시에도 본 시험물질의 투여에 기인한 것으로 사료되는 어떠한 육안적 병변도 관찰되지 않았다. UV 조사 기간 중, 육안으로 관찰 시 정상군에 비해 UV 대조군의 피부주름 증가가 뚜렷하였으며, APB-03을 투여한 군은 UV 대조군에 비해 주름 증가가 현저히 감소하였으며, 정상군과 비슷할 정도로 피부주름 상태가 양호하였다. 8주 및 12주에 제작된 replica를 image analyzer 분석평가를 실시한 결과, APB-03을 경구 반복 투여한 실험군은 UV 대조군에 비해 전체적으로 주름이 감소하였으며, 실험 12주의 UV/APB-03 고용량군의 피부주름은 UV 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain을 실시한 결과, UV 조사에 의한 표피 및 진피, 피하지방층에서의 손상에 대해 APB-03의 치유능력을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 암컷 hairless mouse에서 APR-03의 경구 반복 투여 시 UV 조사로 유도된 광노화의 억제 및 피부주름예방효과가 확인되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.959-966
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 가시오가피 줄기를 이용하여 농축액을 제조한 후 운동수행능력 증진 효과를 확인하고, 관능검사를 통해 가시오가피의 유용한 기능적인 특성을 살린 기호성 있는 건강 음료를 제조한 후 그 품질 특성을 조사하여 가공식품 및 식품소재로서 가시오가피의 활용도를 높이기 위한 기초 연구 자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 본 실험에서 사용한 건가시오가피 줄기의 일반성분 분석 결과 수분함량 $6.50{\pm}0.12%$, 조단백질 $5.89{\pm}0.16%$, 조지방 $1.18{\pm}0.11%$, 조회분 $3.03{\pm}0.40%$로 나타났다. 건가시오가피 줄기 추출물을 이용하여 제조한 가시오가피 농축액의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 증류수로 희석한 10% 농축액에서 $87.42{\pm}1.63%$로 나타나 positive control인 butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) 1%의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 $88.65{\pm}2.42%$와 비슷한 수준으로 높은 활성을 보였으며, 최대운동수행능력을 측정한 결과 가시오가피 농축액을 섭취한 생쥐에서 대조군 생쥐에 비해 농도 의존적으로 운동수행 거리와 시간이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 관능검사를 통해 선호도가 가장 높은 가시오가피 음료를 제조하여 그 특성을 확인한 결과 당도는 $14.9^{\circ}Brix$, pH는 4.51, 색도는 L값(명도) -62.70, a값(적색도) 3.67, b값(황색도) -6.12로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 가시오가피 농축액을 이용한 기호도가 증진된 기능성 음료로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to get the basic information about the actual amount of consumption of the Health supplements and Herbal Medicines. Also, we investigated the consumption differences according to the regions. Methods 500 questionnaires were handed out to parents of elementary students in O O, Gyeonggi-do province, and 331 questionnaires were collected and evaluated for this study. Results Among the 331 students, 58.4% were female, and 41.6% were male. The percentages of the subjects consuming health supplements and herbal medicines were 67.4% and 59.2% respectively. The maximum period of taking the health supplements were from 1 month to 6 month (49.5%), and the maximum period of taking the herbal medicine was within one month (55.6%). The total cost of the health supplements was less than 100,000won (43.7%), which was the most common while herbal medicine cost was between 100,000won and 200,000won (40.6%). The most common age of consuming the health supplements and herbal medicine for the first time was six to ten years old (47.3%); the case of herbal medicine was one to six years old (64.0%). Most of people purchased health supplements from pharmacy (48.0%), and purchased the herbal medicine from the oriental medical clinic (61.8%). Among those people who purchased health supplements, they bought nutritional supplements (82.8%), red ginseng or ginseng products (43.4%), plum extract products (10.9%), and chlorella products (6.8%). The reason for consuming health supplements was to be healthier even though there is no ongoing illness (47.1%), which was the most common reason. The reason for consuming herbal medicine was to cure weakness (39.3%). For the responses about effectiveness after taking medications, people thought herbal medicine seemed to be more effective compare to health supplements (72.3%, 63% respectively). Only 1.4% of the subjects consuming the health supplements showed adverse effects while herbal medicine showed 4.6%. The most common adverse effects were 'general reaction' caused by the health supplements and dermatologic problems caused by the herbal medications. Conclusions Among 331 subjects, the percentage of consuming the health supplements (67.4%) was higher than the Herbal Medicine (59.2%). The total consuming cost of the herbal medications was higher than general health supplements. Also, the maximum period of consuming the health supplements was longer than herbal medications. Therefore, it is shown that herbal medications have no price competitiveness compare to health supplements. The age of using the herbal medicine for the first time was younger than the health supplements. Even though many people can purchase both health supplements and herbal medication from pharmacies and local oriental medical clinic, it is also shown that some people thought that the health supplements should be purchased from oriental medical hospital (13.9%). The most commonly taken forms of the health supplement was nutrition-supplying products, and the second common health supplements were ginseng and red ginseng. The health supplements were commonly consumed for preventing illness and for maintaining healthy life rather than for cure diseases. On the other hand, the herbal medicine was more commonly consumed to be taller or to treat diseases. More than half of the entire people replied as 'satisfied' for their purchase. Some adverse effects and general reaction were common with the subjects consuming health supplements while dermatological adverse reaction was common with the subjects consuming herbal medications.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to get the basic information from patients how much they understood about their medication and also to know whether patients are making reasonable drug choice between Health Functional Foods and Herbal medicine. Methods 500 questionnaires were handed out to the parents of students in two elementary schools located in OO, Junlabukdo province. 421 questionnaires were completed to be evaluated. Results Among 421 subjects, 53.0% were female, and 47.0% were male. The percentages of the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine were67.7% and 67.8%, respectively. Among those people who consumed Health Functional Food, 44.1% were using nutritional supplements, red ginseng or ginseng products (26.9%), chlorella products (11.5%), and plum extract products (7.7%). As for the reason to consume Health Functional Foods were varied, but 'in order to be healthy, although currently displaying no illness.'(43.0%) were the most responses among the given choices. On the other hand, the reason for consuming herbal medicine was 'In order to grow taller'(26.1%), 'In order to cure weak physical state frequently displaying common illnesses',(25.9%), and 'In order to cure diseases.'(23.3%). For the questions about effectiveness after consumption,the 69.9% subjects said that it seemed to be effected, and that % was slightly higher than that of subjects with consuming Health Functional Foods(64.4%). For question concerning preferences between Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine, 57.5% chose herbal medicine, and this percentage was higher than that of Health Functional Foods(42.5%).As for the reasons of additional consumption of the Health Functional Foods, subject answered as 'Easy to consume.'(41,6%), which was the most common among the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods. On other hand, the subjects of herbal medicine answered as that herbal medicine is 'more effective'(45.7%), and 'more trustworthy in preventing side-effects.'(40.3%). After consumption of the herbal medication, only 3.9% of the subjects consuming either Health Functional Foods or herbal medicine had side-effects. The most common side-effects were 'dermal reaction' which is normally caused by Health Functional Foods and 'indigestion' problems caused by herbal consumption. Conclusions According to the 421 subjects those involved in study, the percentages of consuming Health Functional Foods(67.7%) and herbal medicine(67.8%) were similar. The most commonly consumed products were a type of Health Functional Foods which were the nutrition-supplying products. Ginseng or red ginseng products were the next commonly used products. Health Functional Foods were commonly consumed for preventing illness and maintaining health rather than any other purpose. In contrary, herbal medicines were more commonly consumed for purposes such as for growth or treating certain type of disease. As a result of consumption, more than half of both subject replied as 'satisfied'. As for the side effects, dermal reaction was the most common problem for those with consuming Health Functional Foods, while indigestion was the most common side effect from the subjects with consuming herbal medicine.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2004

밭재배와 논재배처럼 토양환경이 상이한 조건에서 재배된 인삼의 지상부 생육의 경시적 변화 및 근부특성과 성분함량 차이를 비교하기 위해 금산지방의 직파재배 4년근 밭재배 및 논재배 농가포장을 선정하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 논토양의 미사와 점토함량 그리고 토양수분과 공극율은 밭토양보다 뚜렸히 높았는데, 재배기간 동안의 토양수분함량 범위는 논재매 $17.5{\sim}19.5%$로 적당하였으나 밭재배는 $7.0{\sim}12.8%$로 낮은 수분함량을 보였으며, 논토양은 밭토양보다 인산과 칼슘함량이 적으나 염류농도와 유기물, 질산태질소, 칼륨, 마그네슘 함량이 높아 비교적 양호한 토양조건을 보인 관계로 초장, 생체근중 및 주당건물중 등 지상부와 지하부 생육은 논재배가 밭재배보다 양호한 생육을 보였다. 2. 논 밭재배간 순동화율 (NAR)과 작물생장율 (CGR) 직이 치밀하지 못했다는 Mog et al. (1981)의 보고와 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 표 5와 같이 생체근중의 분포비율은 직파 4년 재배에서 논 밭재배 모두 100 g 이상의 인삼은 생산되지 않았는데, 60 g 이상인 것의 비율이 논재배 5.3%로 밭재배 0.9%에 비해 많았으며 40 g 이상인 것의 비율도 논재배가 밭재배보다 높았다. 은 5월과 9월에 가장 뚜렸한 차이를 보였으며, 논재배시 근중은 9월 수확기에 가장 큰 증가를 보였으나 밭재배는 9 월에 조기낙엽 증가로 인하여 근중비대가 정지되어 뚜렸한 차이를 보였다. 3. 수삼수량은 논재배가 밭재배보다 약간 많으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 적변 발생율도 논 밭재배간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 4. 논 밭재배간 동체직경과 동체장, 뿌리의 수분함량 및 조사포닌과 50% 에탄올 추출 엑스함량은 유의적인 차이를 보였는데, 조사포닌과 엑스함량은 밭재배가 높았다. 5. 동체의 경도는 $5{\sim}8$월까지 논 밭재배 간에 서로 비슷하였으나 9월에 밭재배는 급격히 감소하여 뚜렸한 차이를 보였다.