• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.393-403
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the contemporary dietary life of residence in Kyunggi province. People living in Kimpo, Yoju districts(farm villages), Kapyung districts (mountain villages) and Hwasung districts (fishing villages) were selected for this research as subjects from August S to 19,1997. The results of the survey are summarized as follows: 1. Cooked rice was a staple food. However nuddles and soojaebees(soup with dough flakes) was taken as lunch or snacks but Juk(rice guel) or Dduk(rice cake) was not treated as a meal. 2. Dishes were consisted with soup or chigae, kimchi and namul(seasoned vegetables), and fishes, meats, salted sea foods, dried fishes, jangacchi(dried seasoning radish) were also taken by sometimes. 3. Soy sauce, bean paste, red pepper bean paste were made by every home even if they were very busy. 4. Festival days such as New Year's Day, daeborum(the 15th day of January), chusok(mid-autumn festival), and kosaa(October ceremony) and dongee(one of 24 seasons by lunar calendar) are skipped oftenly and slowly forgotten by people. They do not celebrate Samgin-nal(the third day of March), Buddha's birthday(the 8th day of April by lunar calendar), danoh(the 5th day of May), yoodoo(the 15th day of June), chilsok(the 7th day of July), Jungyang(the 9th day of September) and the last day of the year either 5. Due to improved kitchen system, we couldn't see the old kitchen devices.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.460-476
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• 2012

High-speed crafts suffer from losing a huge amount of their machinery energy in the form of heat loss with the exhaust gases. This will surely increase the annual operating cost of this type of ships and an adverse effect on the environment. This paper introduces a suggestion that may contribute to overcoming such problems. It presents the possibility of reusing the energy lost by the ships' exhaust gases as heating source for an absorption air condition unit onboard high-speed crafts. As a numerical example; the proposed method was investigated at a high-speed craft operating in Red Sea between Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results obtained are very satisfactory. It showed the possibility of providing the required ship's air condition cooling load during sailing and in port. Economically, this will reduce the annual ship's operating cost. Moreover, it will achieve a valuable reduction of ship's emissions.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

Feeding habits of Pagrus major collected in the coastal waters off Busan from January to December 2004 were studied. P. major ranged form 8.5 to 44.6 cm in standard length. P. major was a carnivore which consumed mainly hermit crabs, amphipods, crabs, shrimps, polychaetes, echinoderms, and fishes. Its diets included small quantities of gastropods, bivalves, stomatopods, cephalopods, cnidarians, and isopods. It showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Small individuals (8~15 cm SL) preyed mainly on shrimps. However, individuals from 15 cm to 25 cm SL preyed mainly on hermit crabs and polychaetes. Individuals over 25 cm SL preyed mainly on fishes and echinoderms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.251-255
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• 2002

Eutrophic matters accumulated on the bottom of sea, river and lake cause red tide phenomenon in ocean and outbreak green algae in river and lake. Systems are developed to remove the noxious deposit. But the existing systems remove not only the eutrophic matters but also natural materials, sand, pebbles etc. that should remain at the bottom. This paper describes a new system that can safely, and economically take away the noxious deposit in underwater. High pressure water jet is used to induce vortices in the triangular suction section, and air-lifting pump to lift up the deposit. The mixture of the water and deposit is filtered through the drum filters. An under camera shows the under water situation along the moving direction of the system that is controlled by a remote operator. This remote controlled moving system obliterate the necessity of the diver that usually costs high. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the suggested system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2006

Ostreae concha is natural products of sea that haves good function for anti-stress. WE observed the effect of Otreae concha, Yukkwooltang and yukwool-tang add Ostreae concha for catecholamine, GOT, GPT, LDH and TG after immobilization stress, Ostreae concha depressed the stress response. In immunohistochemical analysis, The area of withe pulp of the spleen decreased in the control groups as compared with control ones. At same time, more severe histological changes of spleen such as the decreased diameter of periarterial lymphoid sheath and splenic node were demonstrated in the rats challenged with emotional stress. But these changes were slightly recovered in rats pretreated with Sample I, Sample II and Sample III. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of the inflammation-related protein tended to increase. But a decline of these expression, especially TNF-${\alpha}$ by pretreated with Sample I, were observed in the red pulp of spleen of the experimental rats. These results suggest that ostreae concha may act as a therapeutic agent for stress disease through a regulation of stress-related hormones.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.46-50
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• 2011

Phytoplankton forms the base of sea ecosystems. Various environmental factors and anthropogenic pollution, primarily, affect the concentration and photosynthetic activity algal cells, and the changes in the phytoplankton photosynthesis influence other elements of aquatic ecosystems. The increase in anthropogenic pollution markedly damages natural aquatic ecosystems, particularly, in the coastal zones, where an intense blooming of microalgae occurs, including the release of highly dangerous ecotoxic substances of various chemical natures (red tides). In this study, we tried to apply as a parameter for the algal blooming prediction in the ocean from fluorescence values in the taken samples around Busan coastal area. F0 value was almost constant but Fv/Fm value showed the irregular pattern. We presume that these results are due to the changes of the ocean environment and climate. To predict or give early warning the algal blooming, we need to investigate the specific area or fixed area through real-time monitoring. Especially, algal blooming prediction or warning can be achieved via continuously monitoring and interpretation of fluorescence changes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.458-465
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• 1999

Distribution of the proteolytic activities of crude pretense extracted from the viscera of ten kinds of fish was examined. Their proteolytic activities on proteinous substrates (azocasein, hemoglobin, and casein) from the viscera of anchovy, bastard flatfish, mackerel and red sea bream were higher than those of other fishes, and the crude pretenses were further fractoinated with acetone or ammonium sulfate. Optimum concentrations for pretenses fractionation were $0\~55\%$ for acetone and $30\~70\%$ for ammonium sulfate. The fractionated viscera pretense of mackerel showed the highest proteolytic activity among four kinds of fishes. Activities of cathepsin D- and pepsin-like enzymes at pH 3.0, cathepsin L-, B-, H- and G-like enzyme at pH 6,0, and Hypsin- and chymotrypsin- like enzymes (pH 8.0) were detected in the fractionated viscera pretense, whereas activities of cathepsin L- and chymoeypsin-like enzyme were observed in commercial pretenses. Proteolytic activities of Alcalase, Protamex, and Aroase AP-10 for azocasein were slightly higher than the fractionated viscera pretenses, but their amidolytic activities at pH 6.0 and 8.0 toward synthetic substrates were lower than counterpart. The fractionated pretenses from fish viscera would be utilized as commercial pretenses.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2021

Woolen tapestry curtains possessed by the Seoul Museum of Craft Art were used to hung on the wall or used for carpets in the winter season in the late Joseon dynasty. Since similar artifacts were only used for the curtain as functional aspects, woolen tapestry curtains were a rare case. In this study, scientific analysis on the accessory ornament of woolen tapestry curtains such as components of metal accessories and frame bar were conducted with the microscope, p-XRF, and SEM. Result of frame bar pigments, organic pigments such as ink stick were likely been used in woolen tapestry curtain 1. In woolen tapestry 2, lead red (Minium) was used in the frame bar. The result of metal parts, copper, and zinc were analyzed by p-XRF. This suggests that metal accessories were crafted using brass. Frame bar of woolen tapestry curtain 2 was made of soft pine (Pinus spp.) analyzed with the scanning electron microscope. Artifacts like woolen tapestry curtains are rare in Korea and scientific analysis databases were scarce, so it is important to construct components analysis data of woolen tapestry curtains. It is expected that additional scientific analysis and interpretation on the artifact's crafting technique can be merged with the analytical data gathered in this study to be utilized on the conservation and restoration of not only woolen curtains but curtain artifacts of the late Joseon dynasty in general.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.356-366
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• 2021

Two marine actinobacterial isolates, RG3 and RG8, were identified using 16Sr DNA as Streptomyces althioticus RG3 and Streptomyces californicus RG8 and submitted to the database of genetic information with accession numbers MW661230 and MW661234, respectively; they were found to have emulsification indexes of 60 ± 2.5% and 53 ± 2.2%, respectively. The biosurfactants obtained were stable at a temperature of 35℃ for both strains; they were stable at 10% NaCl, in the case of S. althioticus RG3 and at 10-15% NaCl in the case of Str.californicus RG8; both strains produced the most biosurfactant when exposed to alkaline conditions. We characterized the biosurfactants, including features such as their chemical composition, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the biosurfactant extracts was evaluated using the well diffusion method against Vibrio alginolyticus MK170250, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. S. althioticus RG3 biosurfactants were found to have better antimicrobial activity than those of Str. californicus RG8, indicating that they may be used in pharmaceutical industries and in the manufacture of antifouling products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

The growth and maturation pattern of a commercial and endemic red algae Meristotheca papulosa were investigated in Jeju Island. Ecological researches were performed in a natural population of 10 m water depth in Sinheung from march 2014 to November 2015. Maximal blade length and weight of M. papulosa were 8.7 cm and 5.49 g in July 2014 and 10.7 cm and 10.17 g in September 2015, respectively. Growth in blade area of the species reached a maximum of $43.84cm^2$ and $67.41cm^2$ in July 2014 and 2015, respectively. Thalli in the field population were rarely observed from October to December but new recruits were found from January, following year. Carposporophytes were observed from June to September when bottom seawater temperatures were around $20^{\circ}C$. At the study site, seawater temperature was in the range of $14.9-25.7^{\circ}C$. Growth parameters of M. papulosa and relative abundance of carposporophytes showed significant correlation with environmental factors (temperature, salinity, DIN). In this result, we clarified the growth and maturation period of M. palpulosa, and provided effective data on the protection and management of natural populations and basic data for mass culture of the alga.