• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

In order to prevent the spread of non-indigenous aquatic species through the ballast water in commercial ships, International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted in 2004 the International Convention for Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments. The Convention mandates treatment of ballast water for most transoceanic voyages and its confirmation of treatment is made with plankton live/dead assay. Fluorescein diacetate assay (FDA), which produces bright green light for live phytoplankton, has been a de facto standard method to determine the survival of marine plankton, but its staining efficacy has been in dispute. In the present study, we examined the limitation of FDA, and compared its efficacy with Neutral red (NR) staining, another promising assay and widely used especially for zooplankton mortality. For all phytoplankton species studied in the present study, except Ditylum brightwellii, the staining efficiency was <50% with FDA. The green FDA fluorescence interfered with phytoplankton autofluorescence in most samples. In contrast, NR assay stained over 90% of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species tested in this study. FDA assay also showed that green FDA fluorescence rapidly faded when phytoplankton cells were exposed to microscope light. Both FDA and NR assay were negative on formalin-killed individuals of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Our results suggest that NR assay is more effective for determining the survival of marine plankton and can be applied to test the efficacy of ballast water treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.733-741
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• 2022

Among the various evidence found in maritime crimes, fingerprints and DNA are very important in that they can identify a suspect. In this study, 5 types of non-porous surfaces (plastic, stainless, glass, ceramic, FRP), which are often found as evidence in the actual marine environment, were selected, and latent and blood fingerprints were passed down and immersed at the Donghae Maritime Police Station's exclusive pier for about 7 days. After that, DNA extraction, quantification, and STR profile were analyzed after fingerprint developing CA fumming method and 4 powder methods (Swedish black powder, Concentrated black powder, Supranano red powder, Dazzle orange powder). Among the fingerprint developing methods, when Supranano red powder was applied, a relatively high amount of DNA was found. As a result of STR profile analysis, an average of 16.8 to 9 loci were secured, and all 20 were confirmed in glass and ceramic materials. As a result of the study, it was possible to secure the STR profile by extracting and quantifying DNA after applying the fingerprint developing method to virtual evidence immersed for about 7 days, and further research is needed to secure the STR profile by analyzing DNA after applying various fingerprint developing methods such as VMD and SPR.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22
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• pp.11-29
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• 2004

This study was conducted bimonthly from June 2001 to June 2003 to investigate the seasonal variation of the zooplankton community in Gwangyang Bay, Zooplankton were collected at 9 stations using a NORPAC net from surface layer. The zooplankton community consisted of 47 taxa and the mean abundance was 6,205 inds. $m^{-3}$ during the survey period. The maximum abundance was observed to be 20,060 inds. $m^{-3}$ in June 2002 and the minimum in August 2001 with 630 inds. $m^{-3}$. Copepods were the predominant constituent, wihich comprised 4.6~84.1% (mean 38.2%) of the total zooplankton abundance. Dominant species of copepods were Acartia omorii, Acartia erythraea, Centropages abdominalis, Paracalanus parvus. Paracalanus parvus dominated from June 2001 to December 2002. A red tide causative dinoflagellate, Noetiluca scintillans, dominated from June 2002 to February 2003, Acartia omorii and Centropages abdominalis dominated in winter and spring seasons. While, Acartia erythraea dominated in summer and fall seasons. In June and August, Cladocerans and Cirriped larvae dominated. The abundance of zooplankton according to the tidal cycle showed considerable fluctuations with a range of 2,768~15,856 inds. $m^{-3}$ $(\risingdotseq$ 5.7 times).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2020

Here, we generated maps of primary production in the coastal waters of the East Sea using sea surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (CHL), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), euphotic depth induced by GOCI along with sea surface temperature (SST) from satellites of foreign countries as input parameters, and carried out a sensitivity analysis for each parameters. On 25th of July in 2013 when a wide cold waters appeared and on 13th of August in 2013 when a big harmful algal bloom existed in the study area, it shows high productivities with averages 1,012 and 1,945 mg C m^-2 d^-1, respectively. On August 25, 2013, when the cold waters and red tide retreated, it showed an average of 778 m^-2 d^-1, similar to the results of the previous analysis. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, PAR did not significantly affect the results of the primary production, but the euphotic depth and CHL showed aboveaverage sensitivity. In particular, SST had a large influence to the results, thus we could imply that an error in SST could lead to a large error in the primary production. This study showed that GOCI data was available for primary production study, and the accuracy of input parameters might be improved by applying GOCI, which can acquire images 8 times a day, making it more accurate than foreign polar orbit satellites and consequently, it is possible to estimate highly accurately primary production.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.129-139
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• 2002

We investigated the outbreak of red tides dominated by harmful dinoflagellates from August to November 1999 in the coastal waters off the southern Saemankeum areas where a huge red tide dominated by Cochlodinium polykrikoides had been first observed in 1998. We took water samples from 2~5 depths of 4 stations (with 3-4 additional stations during red tides) in this study period and then measured the abundance of phytoplankton, water temperature, salinity, and the concentrations of nutrients. In the study period harmful dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense, C. polykrikoides, Gymnodnium catenatum, Gyrodinium aureolum, Gymnodnium impudicum were present, and of these G. aureolum and C. polykrikoides formed red tide patches on September 16 and October 18, respectively. The date of the outbreak of red tide dominated by C. polykrikoides in the study area was approximately 50 days later than that off the Kohung areas in 1997 and the surface water temperature when the red tides outbroke in the former area was 6$^{\circ}C$ lower than that fur the latter area. The maximum abundance of C. polykrikoides on September 16, October 7 and 18 were 5, 14, and 463 cells $m\ell$$^{-1}$ , respectively. The growth rate of C. polykrikoides, isolated from the study area, was 0.3~0.4 d$^{-1}$ at 20~$25^{\circ}C$, which enable this species to reach the maximum concentration without being transported from the adjacent waters containing already made red tide patches. The outbreaks of red tides dominated by C. polykrikoides in the study area and off Kohung have occurred when and/or where the concentrations of diatoms were low. This evidence suggests that the outbreak of red tides dominated by C. polykrikoides is adversely affected by the high diatom concentrations or the conditions favorable for the growth of diatoms.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.237-241
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 한국 남해해역의 해양환경 중 해수표면온도의 변화와 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조의 시공간 분포가 밀접한 관련성을 가지고 있음을 파악하였다. GIS와 원격탐사기술은 한국 중남부해역에 적용되었고, 이 지역은 매년 하계에 적조가 최초로 발생하는 지역이다. 해수표면온도를 포함한 적조의 이동 경향을 비교하기 위해 현장조사에 의한 적조 분포가 조사선에 의해 수집되어졌다. 또한, 적조의 위성영상과 해수표면수온 분포를 Landsat 위성자료를 통해 획득하였다. 위성자료에 의해 추정된 적조의 분포와 해수표면온도분포는 유사한 패턴을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 여름철에 한반도 남동부 연안해역에서 나타나는 적조의 분포와 이동경향은 이 지역의 해수온도 분포의 시공간적인 분포에 밀접한 관계가 있다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1-3
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• 2003

In this study, spectroradiometer data were coupled with fluorometer data to find out the best suited bands ratio to monitor the chlorophyll a concentration for inland water. Remote sensing reflectance measurements were used to evaluate the performance of several default ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS data. This study shows that the chlorophyll a concentration from fluorometer and reflectance from spectroradiometer lies in exploiting the signal provided by the chlorophyll a red absorption peak near 670nm. Two-band ratio based on a ratio of reflectance 670 and 700nm provided a good correlation for a linear model, compare with blue-green two band ratio.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.250-255
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• 2011

In multicellular organisms, including humans, understanding expression specificity at the tissue level is essential for interpreting protein function, such as tissue differentiation. We developed a prediction approach via generated sequence features from overrepresented patterns in housekeeping (HK) and tissue-specific (TS) genes to classify TS expression in humans. Using TS domains and transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBSs), sequence characteristics were used as indices of expressed tissues in a Random Forest algorithm by scoring exclusive patterns considering the biological intuition; TFBSs regulate gene expression, and the domains reflect the functional specificity of a TS gene. Our proposed approach displayed better performance than previous attempts and was validated using computational and experimental methods.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1997

Composite membranes having different mixing ratio of Wool(SCMK) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were prepared by dissolving wool/PET in hexafluoro-2-propanol(HFIP), casting the obtained solution on a glass plate and evaporation the solvent in the presence and absence of an electric field. The internal structure of the prepared membrane was investigated using polarise microscope dyeing and dye permeation method. In the composite membrane prepared under electric field, both components were micro mixing, while in the membranes prepared under nonelectric field, the two components formed a random sea/island structure according to different mixing ratio. Such characteristic membrane structure was influenced the permeation behavior of C.I. Acid Red 118 through the membranes from an aqueous solution.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2016

Over recent years the offshore wind turbines are becoming more feasible solution to the energy problem, which is crucial for Egypt. In this article a three floating support structure, tension leg platform types (TLP), for 5-MW wind turbine have been considered. The dynamic behavior of a triangular, square, and pentagon TLP configurations under multi-directional regular and random waves have been investigated. The environmental loads have been considered according to the Egyptian Metrological Authority records in northern Red sea zone. The dynamic analysis were carried out using ANSYS-AQWA a finite element analysis software, FAST a wind turbine dynamic software, and MATLAB software. Investigation results give a better understanding of dynamical behavior and stability of the floating wind turbines. Results include time history, Power Spectrum densities (PSD's), and plan stability for all configurations.