• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

Recovery of pure cobalt and nickel from diverse resources is important due to the increased demand for these metals. In order to get cobalt and nickel with high purity, separation of them from other metal ions is necessary. In this review, several methods to obtain pure cobalt or nickel solution, such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation were introduced and compared. For solvent extraction, the advantage and disadvantage of the separation process together with detailed process conditions were investigated.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of environment conscious logistics(ECL) system which is essential to make material recycling economic society. ECL management which meant simply recycle is tend to promote material reduction, reuse and recycling. We have made case studies about advanced ECL system. To examine manufacture companies' ECL system, we made survey form which is consist of 82 questionnaires and 129 companies have participated for this. And we have analyzed the survey responses. As a result, we propose the way of constructing ECL system in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• v.y2004m10
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• pp.87-90
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• 2004

Serious problems of the environment protection and resource exhaustion are exhibited. due to the increase of the construction materials and activation of the remodeling, recently. Especially, most of the advanced countries. recycling plan for the waste concrete is vigorously progressing. The purpose of this study is making advances in the recycling of waste concrete material for use as recycled aggregate to make secondary concrete product. Using recycled aggregates form demolished concrete, we manufactured cement bricks to experiment overall performance in Korean Standard and feasible performances. On the recycled cement, in the case of cement : aggregate is 1 : 7 is satisfied with KS F 4004 : dimensions, water absorption, compressive strength of quality of a standard. So we concluded that it has great feasibility to apply these products to construction industry.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.3-8
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• 2001

This study was examed about leaching behavior in order to separate plasticizer selectively before dechlorination from flexible PVC material in alkali solutions at $80~120^{\circ}C$. The dechlorination of that was not almost occurred below $100^{\circ}C$. But the yield of elution of plasticizer was 100% above 5M NaOH. Therefore, by controlling alkali concentration and reaction temperature, it is possible to extract the plasticizer selectively without taking dechlorination.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.81-95
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of environment conscious logistics system which is essential to make material recycling economic society. Environment conscious logistics management which meant simply recycle is tend to promote material reduction, reuse and recycling. We have made case studies about advanced environment conscious logistics system. To examine korean companies' environment conscious logistics system, we made survey form which is consist of 81 questionnaires in Korea between 2003 and 2005. And we have analyzed the survey responses. As a result of this study, we propose the way of constructing environment conscious logistics system in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.90-96
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• 2011

In order to remediate contaminated soils with heavy metals, many techniques have been developed and proposed. However, weakness for the various techniques has been making application for actual process difficult. They have been led to the necessity for novel techniques. Therefore, in this study, novel techniques which are developing and commercializing recently in domestic/foreign country will be introduced, especially it will be focused on remediation technique for contaminated soil with heavy metals using magnetic material.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

This study was executed for utilizing it as basic data in appropriate recycling way and design by examining and analyzing various characteristics of food waste which is being discharged from various restaurant and apartment house. In general, there were differences in restaurants classification and Japanese restaurant showed big differences as compared to other restaurants. Vegetable had the highest composition and its contents had big difference according to seasons. In alien substances, oyster shells were the highest and restaurants showed high rate of alien substances than apartments, therefore it was required to divide them in advance. Salinity was the highest in Japanese restaurants and most restaurants had rate of up to 1%, so it was not appropriate for recycling. However, it was considered that if there is cleaning operation in the whole process, there might not be a problem. Feed Ingredient had 28% of fiber, 25% of protein, and 11% of fats. We analyzed noxious germs and heavy metal too. However microorganisms of etiological cause were not detected and each harmful material showed less values of control concentration. In the result of analysis of each characteristic, it is required to consider collection rate from restaurants and apartments and seasonal cause into design regarding recycling. And apartments are compatible to compost than feed and food waste from Chinese, flour restaurant and collective feeding facilities are compatible for feed, as it is evaluated.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2018

The rapid increase in the consumption of products that contain rare metals has highlighted the importance of recycling and recovering resources from these products when they enter the waste stream. Among various metal resources that can be recovered, this study analyzes the waste streams of cobalt and palladium to determine how their waste resource circulation can be improved at each stage of the waste stream. The findings of this study point to improvements and strategies that can be made at individual stages. First, at the discharge/import stage, the implementation of tariff quotas for specific recycled metal resources is suggested to allow the systemic categorization of waste metals as resources. At the collection/discarding stage, a major problem is the instability in the supply of scrap metals, which may be better managed by changing the bidding process for the scrap metals. At the pretreatment stage, possible areas for improvement are uncovered concerning technical areas, such as technological development and improving the efficiency of material recycling, as well as policy-wise, for instance, expanding the regulation for manufacturers to produce products that are designed to facilitate resource recovery, increasing incentive for closed recycling, and refining the guidelines and standards for recycling. At the resource recovery stage, as the waste metal recycling industry consists of businesses that vary in size, policies to promote cooperation and coexistence between large and smaller enterprises will benefit the industry in the long-run. Lastly, at the product production/export stage, a tariff on exporting waste resources that contain cobalt and palladium will help control the amount of waste metals that are shipped abroad.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.606-615
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• 2018

Over the past two decades, the options for solid waste management have been changing from land disposal to recycling, waste-to-energy, and incineration due to growing attention for resource and energy recovery. In addition, the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has become an issue of concern in the waste sector because such gases often released into the atmosphere during the waste management processes (e.g., biodegradation in landfills and combustion by incineration) can contribute to climate change. In this study, the emission and reduction rates of GHGs by the municipal solid waste (MSW) management options in D city have been studied for the years 1996-2016. The emissions and reduction rates were calculated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines and the EU Prognos method, respectively. A dramatic decrease in the waste landfilled was observed between 1996 and 2004, after which its amount has been relatively constant. Waste recycling and incineration have been increased over the decades, leading to a peak in the GHG emissions from landfills of approximately $63,323tCO_2\;eq/yr$ in 2005, while the lowest value of $35,962tCO_2\;eq/yr$ was observed in 2016. In 2016, the estimated emission rate of GHGs from incineration was $59,199tCO_2\;eq/yr$. The reduction rate by material recycling was the highest ($-164,487tCO_2\;eq/yr$) in 2016, followed by the rates by heat recovery with incineration ($-59,242tCO_2\;eq/yr$) and landfill gas recovery ($-23,922tCO_2\;eq/yr$). Moreover, the cumulative GHG reduction rate between 1996 and 2016 was $-3.46MtCO_2\;eq$, implying a very positive impact on future $CO_2$ reduction achieved by waste recycling as well as heat recovery of incineration and landfill gas recovery. This study clearly demonstrates that improved MSW management systems are positive for GHGs reduction and energy savings. These results could help the waste management decision-makers supporting the MSW recycling and energy recovery policies as well as the climate change mitigation efforts at local government level.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

It was found that there was no problem in recycling by-products (waste rock and tailings) from Yangyang iron mine themselves through matter conversion because they are not hazardous according to results of KSLT method. In case of using tailings as sub-materials of cement, it recommended the use of less than 3% tailings dosage not to exceed 0.6% of total alkali ($R_2O$) content based on standard quality of portland cement (KS L 5201). Non sintered eco-brick corresponding to class 1 quality of recycled clay brick (KS I 3013) can replace 15% of cement with tailings and 100% of general fine aggregate with waste rock from iron mine. As mentioned above, recycling the by-products (waste rock and tailings) as sub-materials of cement and non sintered eco-brick could gain both environmental and economic benefits, that is, reduction of scale and maintenance cost of tailing ponds, decrease of energy use and $CO_2$ emission.