• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

인간은 풍요로움과 편리함을 위하여 지구의 생태계를 외면한 채 산업화의 길을 걸어왔으며 이로 인한 폐품의 처리, 자원의 고갈, 오존층의 파괴, 대기 및 수질, 토양의 오염 등의 생태계 균형이 깨지면서 인간의 생존권마저 위협하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 상황하에 최근에 와서는 전 세계에 걸쳐 기업경제활동 방식과 소비의식 변화를 요구하고 있으며, 기업들은 환경친화적 디자인 활동을 추진하고 있다. 그러나 기업과 소비자 측면에서의 직접적이고 현실적인 불이익은 환경의 중요성을 알면서도 적극적인 환경친화적 제품의 생산활동을 어렵게 하고 있으며, 특히 고집적, 다품종 소량의 부품으로 이루어진 가제제품의 경우에는 타 분야의 활동에 비해 소극적인 자세를 취하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 디자인적인 측면에서도 아직 재활용 소재의 사용 및 천연소재의 적용 등 물리적 측면에서의 소극성은 여전하며, 그 적용사례도 드물다. 그러므로 디자인 단계에서의 자연생태계를 위한 적극적인 사고와 실행은 더욱 중요한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이상과 같은 현실에 비추어 기업과 소비자 그리고 환경이 함께 공존할 수 있는 환경친화적 디자인을 위하여 기초가 되는 개념을 이해하고, 디자이너의 입장에서 보다 적극적이고 실질적인 환경친화적 디자인의 실천방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2013

DME 제조공정에서 발생하는 혼합가스 중, $CO_2$를 제거하기 위하여 폴리술폰 고분자를 이용하여 지지체 중공사막을 제조하고, Hyflon AD를 코팅하여 복합막을 제조하였다. 제조된 중공사막을 이용하여 Flaring 모사가스에 대한 모듈의 성능을 측정하였다. 분리막 1단 평가 결과 1.2 MPa에서 Stage cut 0.24 이상의 $CO_2$농도는 3% 이하이며, 동일조건에서 $CO_2$ 제거율 및 $CH_4$ 회수율은 각각 약 80%이다. 분리막 2단 평가결과 Product 가스의 $CO_2$ 농도를 5%로 고정하였을 때, stage cut 0.074에서 recycle 되는 $CO_2$ 농도는 공급가스와 같은 농도를 가지며, 이때 $CH_4$의 회수율은 약 99%이다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.22-40
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• 2015

Cellulose fibers is one of the most abundant in nature. It has many distinctive features: abundant in nature, biodegradable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, sustainable, easy to fabricate, hydrophilic, and cost-effective. Cellulose fibers, known as pulp, is produced from cellulose-containing materials by the pulping process. As the raw material, wood has been most commonly used while recycled pulp has been also used to some degree. Thus, pulp usually refers to wood pulp. Generally, the pulp and paper industry is regarded as the commodity market where the cost should be much more important than the quality. It also belongs to a mature market where the growth is slow, or even in decline. Accordingly, technological development has been rather stagnant for the industry. Recently, however, the pulp and paper industry has faced very serious challenges. First, due to digital technology, there has been a steady decline in the need for pulp and paper products. The digital industry has continuously replaced printed products such as books, newspapers, and magazines. Second, there has been a trend initiated by developed countries to limit the use of wood as the raw material for the sake of environmental protection. This forces the industry to find a more efficient use of wood pulp as well as finding alternative, non-wood sources. Third, as an individual becomes wealthier and more conscious of health-care, the quality of a product becomes more important than the cost. Thus, a paradigm shift is needed from the cost-conscientious to the quality conscientious. The objective of this article is to review the technologies aimed at engineering cellulose fibers for producing high-value added paper products.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

본 연구는 최근 제주도 지역에서 현무암 가공과정에서 발생되는 폐기물인 석분슬러지를 재활용하기 위한 방안으로써 일반 시멘트몰탈에 사용되는 잔골재 대신에 현무암 석분슬러지의적용가능성에 대해 실험하였다. 드라이 몰탈의 재료로서의 기초적인 성능을 평가하기 위해 압축강도와 휨강도를 평가하고, SEM을 통해 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 현무암 슬러지 대체율 21%까지는 압축 및 휨강도는 증가하였으며, 보통 드라이몰탈보다 약 40% 강도 증진 효과가 있다. 현무암 슬러지의 대체율 약 20%이상에서는 상대적으로 수화생성물이 적게 생성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 현무암 슬러지 폐기물의 활용성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 콘크리트 2차 제품의 성형에도 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.911-919
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was evaluated economical effect to apply alternative external carbon source. Conventional activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment plant was adapted and introduced to Biological nutrient removal processes to meet the newly enforced effluent quality standard for nutrient removal in Korea. Low $COD/NH_4^+-N$ ratio and higher nutrient concentration of influent characteristics force to inject external carbon source for denitrifying recycled nitrate. In the most case, methanol was used as external carbon source. But Methanol is expensive and very dangerous in handling. So we could find cheaper and safer external carbon source substituted methanol in last study. This alternative external carbon source is named RCS(recoverd carbon source) and a by-product of fine chemical product at chemical plant. When RCS was applied real municipal wastewater treatment plant, average $55\~65\%$ of T-N removal efficiency, 8.8mg/l of effluent T-N concentration, 11.3mg/l of effleunt COD concentration were obtained without effluent COD increase as against used methanol. To apply RCS in municipal wastewater treatment plant obtain approximately $\74.5%$ expenditure cost reduction in comparison with methanol dosage cost.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2004년도 수소연료전지공동심포지움 2004논문집
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• pp.103-108
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• 2004

The present paper relates to an apparatus in which all carbonaceous material such as coal, oil, plastics and any substance having carbon atoms as part of its constituents are reformed(gasified) into syngas at temperature above $1,200^{\circ}C$(KR patent No.0391121, and PCT/KR2001/01717 and PCT/KR2004/001020). It comprises a single-stage reforming reactor without catalyst and a syngas burner as shown in Fig.2. syngas is combusted with $O_2$ gas in the syngas bunter to produce $M_2O$ and $CO_2$ gas with exothermic heat. Reaction products are introduced into the reforming reactor, reaction heat from syngas burner elevate the temperature of reactor above $1,200^{\circ}C$, and reaction products reduce carbonaceous material down to CO and $H_2$ gases. Reactants and heat necessary for the reaction are provided through the syngas burner only, Neither $O_2$ gas nor steam are injected into the reforming reactor. Reformer is made of ceramic inner lining and sst outer casing. Multiple syngas burners may be connected to the reforming reactor in order to increase the syngas output, and a portion of the product syngas is recycled into syngas burner. The present reformer as shown in Fig.2 is suitable to gasify carbonaceous wastes without secondary pollutants formed from oxidation. Further, it can be miniaturized to accompany a fuel cell system as shown in Fig.3 The output syngas may be used to drive a fuel cell and a portion of electrical power generated in a fuel cell is used to heat a compact reformer up to $1,200^{\circ}C$ so that gas/liquid fossil fuel can efficiently reformed into syngas. The fuel cell serves as syngas burner in Fig.2. The reformation reaction is sustained through recycling a portion of product syngas into a fuel cell and using a portion of electric power generated to heat the reformer for continuous operation. Such reforming reactor may be miniaturized into a size of PC, then you have a Personal Reformer(PR).

• 공업화학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 열병합 발전소의 원료로서 목질계 바이오매스로 임목 부산물, 폐목재, 야자수 부산물, 야자수 껍질의 연소 특성을 조사하기 위하여 열중량 분석기를 이용하여 연소 실험을 수행하였다. 목질계 바이오매스의 비교군으로는 일반적인 석탄을 사용하였다. 열중량 분석기 결과로부터, 목질계 바이오매스의 연소는 석탄과 비교하여 낮은 온도인 $280^{\circ}C$에서 $420^{\circ}C$ 구간에서 가장 활발한 연소반응을 보였음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 열중량분석에 의하여 측정된 활성화 에너지에 있어서 임목 부산물은 석탄 및 기타 목질계 바이오매스와 비교하여 가장 낮은 활성화 에너지 값을 나타내었으며, 또한 목질계 바이오매스의 경우 석탄과 비교하여 연소반응속도가 크게 증가함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 목질계 바이오매스의 높은 연소개시 속도를 보이는 것을 나타내며, 이러한 결과는 석탄과 비교하여 낮은 비등점의 휘발분을 많이 포함하는 목질계 바이오매스의 특성에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2023

This study examines customer reviews from online stores of Korean vegan fashion brands to determine the qualities that customers value in vegan fashion items. For this purpose, we conducted a case study of online reviews-2,285 reviews were collected and analyzed. The results are as follows: The clothing evaluation criteria for vegan fashion products can be divided into four categories: aesthetics, material characteristics, affordability, and characteristics. This suggests that evaluation standards for vegan fashion items operate at multiple levels. The animal welfare aspect of the product was the most important factor, followed closely by how well the clothes fit. High-quality vegan materials and the use of recycled materials that are environmentally friendly were emphasized. The findings of this study suggest that even for vegan products, stylistic features remain an essential component of fashion items. To understand the main aspects of clothing evaluation criteria in the current vegan fashion market, this study differs from other studies in that it examined online reviews of vegan fashion brands. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of customer preferences and highlights the importance of ethical considerations alongside style in the evaluation of vegan fashion items, providing valuable insights for the industry. Moving forward, this study is significant in suggesting that vegan fashion brands should develop their products as well as their brands, capitalizing on the demand for ethically conscious and stylish options.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

绿色环保或者环境意识已经成为商业、政府机关, 以及消费者和世界关注的重要问题. 针对这一情况, 韩国政府宣布, 在本世纪初, "环保建设" 将被作为一种用以鼓励与环保相关的商业活动的方式. 不同层次的韩国服装业, 提出了不同的产品环保的绿色计划. 这些服装产品包括有机产品和回收的衣服. 要想使这些公司成功, 他们需要那些, 在做产品购买,使用, 处置时, 将绿色问题(如环境的可持续性发展)作为一个人判断的一个组成部分的顾客的信息. 这些消费者可以被看成是生态学的关注者. 过去的研究已经对消费者对于环保产品的购买意愿进行了检测. 此外, 还研究了影响生态保护者或绿色消费者的因素. 但是, 只是关注生态保护者在处置或者回收利用衣服上与采购绿色产品相比较是不够的. 服装处置行为有多种途径, 消费者可以用淘汰, 传承(例如: 把它送给一个年幼的弟弟), 赠与, 交换, 出售或者简单的把他扔掉等多种方式来暂时或者永久的摆脱闲置的衣服或贷款项目. 因此, 购买环保产品的行为应该结合服装处置的行为, 从而进一步了解消费者的消费行为与对环境的态度. 本项研究的目的在于提供韩国生态保护者从有利于生态学的角度出发来购买和处理衣服的生活方式的相关信息. 本研究的目标有: 1, 基于韩国对服装处置行为进行分类; 2, 调查人 们人口统计数据, 生活方式和服装消费价值观赏的差异; 3, 在环保的时尚物品的购买意愿和影响因素之间进行比较. 自填式的调查问卷是基于以往的研究设置出来的. 问卷包括10项处置衣服的条款, 22项可持续并且健康的生活方式的条款, 以及19项消费观念的条款. 根据利克特模板的五分量表设置. 此外, 购买两个时尚物品的意愿和每个物品属性的11项特征都是根据利克特模板的七分量表而来, 两种制成羊毛套衫的可以从PET识别代码的回收瓶子中创造出来的涤纶织物这两种套衫选自一个韩国和一个美国的户外运动服装的品牌. 我们对每一种产品的简介和颜色都进行了调查, 人口统计学(即性别, 年龄, 婚姻状况, 教育程度, 收入, 职业)也被包括在内. 在2009年5月份, 研究数据通过一个专业网站的调查机构进行采集, 最后有600份调查问卷可供分析, 这个调查的受访者年龄从20到49岁不等, 平均年龄为34岁. 百分之50的调查者为男性, 大约58%的受访者是已婚者, 其中62%的受访者有大学学位. 主要成分分析和因素最大方法差的方法用以识别衣服处理规模的潜在尺度. 共有三个因素生成(比如: 倒卖行为, 捐赠行为, 不回收利用行为). 基于他们处置衣服的方式对受访者进行了分类, 群类分析被使用, 最终得到了三个部分. 不同的消费者, 被分别贴上 "转售集团", "捐资团体" 以及 "不回收组织" 的标签加以分类, 其中98%是正确的分类. 从人口统计学角度来看, 这三个类别的人在性别, 婚姻状况, 职业和年龄上有显著的差异. 健康可持续的生活方式被缩减为以下5个因素: 自我满意度, 家庭定位, 健康问题, 环境问题和自愿的服务. 这是三个群体中健康可持续的生活方式的最显著的差异. 转售集团和捐赠组表现出在健康可持续的生活方式上的相同倾向, 同时, 不回收集团在生活方式方面呈现最低的平均值. 转售和捐赠团体自称享受和满意这种生活和消费方式, 并且能够利用空余的时间陪伴家人. 另外, 这两组的人关心健康和有机食品, 并试图保护能源和资源. 对服装消费的价值观产生主要影响的三个因素是: 个人价值, 社会价值和实用价值. 因素的方差测试表明转售集团和其他两组之间的因素差异最大. 转售集团相比其他价值更关注个人价值和社会价值. 相比之下, 非回收集团比捐赠集团更关注高层次的社会价值. 比较购买环保产品的意愿上, 转售集团表现出最高的购买A类产品的意愿. 另一方面, 捐赠集团则在小市场中表现出购买B类产品的最高意愿. 此外, 平均分数表明, 购买韩国的产品(B类产品)相比购买美国的产品(A类产品)更合韩国人的心意. 多元线性回归分析法确定了对环保产品的购买的意愿对制造业产品属性的影响. 产品的设计, 价格, 贡献, 对环境的保护, 价格, 兼容性是影响转售集团的显著因素, 另外, 以及对自身形象的影响是捐赠团体的重要因素. 对于非回收集团来说, 设计, 价格等因素是相同的, 自我的形象,对环保运动的贡献, 和环境保护也是很重要的. 而价格因素具有显著性的共通性. 对于B类产品来说, 设计, 合理的价格, 形象等因素是同等的重要, 但是不同的组对购买的特征和意愿有不同的倾向. 健康可持续的生活方式以及服装消费的意向对购买A类产品和B类产品的影响同样被我们所关注. 实际操作者的健康状况和个人价值都是影响购买意愿的重要因素; 然而, 在这三个群体中说服的力度都很低. 结果表明, 分类出来的每组处理服装的行为, 显示着不同服装产品的属性, 个人价值, 和实践者的特点, 这些都影响了他们的购买环保产品的意愿, 结果会使生态保护者提出并组织更合理的生态设计的战略决策.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.566-575
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• 2015

The study aims to identify the generation and treatment of fishery by-products in Korea and suggests future directions and strategies for their eco-friendly utilization and industrialization. First, the study focuses on the identification of the generation and their treatment in Korea since merely few study were conducted and they did not provide enough information regarding the overall generation and treatment at the national level. According to the estimation, Korea generates 800 thousand to 1,200 thousand tones of fishery by-product every year. The fishery by-products generated at large seafood markets and processing facilities are used or processed as fish meal and feed, but those generated from households and small seafood restaurants are currently treated as food waste. In addition, inadequately treated fishery by-products cause various problems such as spoiling urban landscape, creating odor and incubating pest. After identifying the generation and treatment of fishery by-products, the study suggests directions for the formulation of infrastructure for transition into resource circulation society, minimization of dumped waste and their eco-friendly recycling as resources, diversification of recycled goods and development into a high-value added industry. Finally, the study suggests detailed strategies for the directions such as establishment of legal and institutional foundation, separation of fishery by-products from wastes, development of technology tailored for commercialization, introduction of pilot projects for industrialization and cultivation of social enterprises.