• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.645-654
• /
• 2002

Purposes : This study was conducted to examine nursing effects after using a new method of nasogastric tube feeding with recycled PETE bottle making use of gravity, and to compare with those of bolus method using syringe and pressure. Methods : The data collected from patients with nasogastric tube feeding more than a week at an internal medicine unit of C university hospital located in G-city from January 1st, 1998 through June 30th, 2000. For this nonequivalent control group posttest non-synchronized design, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group and 35 patients to a control group. The homogeneity of two groups and the dependent variables were tested with use of $x^2-test$ and t-test. Results : The duration of hemostatic use was significantly shorter in the experimental group than control group(t=2.63, p=0.02). Also, the patients with PETE bottle feeding had a lower cost of material(t=3.51, p=0.01) and a lower rate of the time of direct nursing care(t=2.44, p=0.04) than those of control group. But, there was no significant difference between two groups in the length of hospital stay. Conclusion : This results indicates that nasogastric tube feeding with PETE bottle is superior to nasogastric tube feeding with syringe. This findings gave us an evidence to enhance nursing effectiveness in clinical setting.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2016

It was found that there was no problem in recycling by-products (waste rock and tailings) from Yangyang iron mine themselves through matter conversion because they are not hazardous according to results of KSLT method. In case of using tailings as sub-materials of cement, it recommended the use of less than 3% tailings dosage not to exceed 0.6% of total alkali ($R_2O$) content based on standard quality of portland cement (KS L 5201). Non sintered eco-brick corresponding to class 1 quality of recycled clay brick (KS I 3013) can replace 15% of cement with tailings and 100% of general fine aggregate with waste rock from iron mine. As mentioned above, recycling the by-products (waste rock and tailings) as sub-materials of cement and non sintered eco-brick could gain both environmental and economic benefits, that is, reduction of scale and maintenance cost of tailing ponds, decrease of energy use and $CO_2$ emission.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.210-225
• /
• 2004

Statement of problem: Implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. Surface treatment of screw plays a role of preventing screw from loosening in implant screw mechanism. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate surface characteristics of TiN and ZrN film ion plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate wear resistance, surface roughness, and film adhesion on screw surface using various instruments. Material and methods : GoldTite screws and titanium screws provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite screws or titanium screws by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screws and titanium screws by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) were selected. Ion plating which is much superior to other surface modification techniques was carried out for gold screws and titanium screws using Ti and Zr coating materials with nitrogen gas. Ion nitrided surface of each abutment screw was observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, micro-diamond scratch tester, vickers hardness tester, and surface roughness tester. Results : 1) The surface of gold screw and GoldTite is more smooth than ones of other kinds of non coated screw. 2) The ZrN and TiN coated surface is the more smooth than ones of other kinds of screw. 3) The hardness of TiN and ZrN coated surface showed higher than that of non coated surface. 4) The TiN coated titanium screw and ZrN coated gold screw have a good wear resistance and adhesion on the surface. 5) The surface of ZrN coated screw showed low surface roughness compared with the surface of TiN coated screw. Conclusion : It is considered that the TiN and ZrN coated screw which would prevent a screw from loosening can be applicable to implant system and confirmed that TiN and ZrN film act as lubricant on surface of screw due to decrease of friction for recycled tightening and loosening.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2012

In this study, a recycling plan for waste concrete fine aggregate as fill material was researched by investigating environmental engineering properties. It is noted that the environmental influence of waste concrete fine aggregate is little since chemical level is satisfied the waste management standard. Waste concrete fine aggregate is not suitable for materials of anti-frost layer and sub-base layer since the particle-size distribution and engineering properties are not partially satisfied the quality standard. However, waste concrete fine aggregate can be recycled as materials of anti-frost layer and sub-base layer if we improve the engineering properties by mixing bigger aggregates than maximum particle size (5 mm) more than 25 percent of total weight.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2000

More recently, the ecocide like an environmental shocks of acid rain, oil spills and now the ozone layer have driven home the fact that we're all responsible for looking after our natural environment and threaten the our right to live. At such a situation enterprises has been to develop techniques of enhancing environment friendly design. However it is difficult to producing environment friendly product - especially at electronic product like a high accumulated thing and produced with a small amount - while they know the importance of environment. Because of a direct and actual disadvantage of enterprise and customer. Moreover it is rare and negative for physical point that an adaptation case of recycled material or natural one for designing. Therefore it is important to positive consideration and action of design process for the nature. In this paper the focus of interest is find out the active and real environmental friendly design practice scheme as a designer and understanding of basic of the environmental friendly design for a coexistence of the enterprise, customer, and environment.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2002

Odor generated during composting of livestock manure is mainly due to ammonia emission. Biofiltration is a desirable method to control composting odor. This study was conducted to analyze the efficiency of using fresh compost as a biofilter. A mixture of cattle manure and recycled compost was composted in a bin equipped with a suction-type blower. The exhaust gas was filtered through the fresh compost. Residence time was controlled by the flow rate of exhaust gas and the depth of filtering materials. At the aeration rate of 30 L/min(experiment I), ammonia reduction rate varied from 100% to -15% for biofilter A(residence time 56.5 s) and almost 100% for biofilter B(residence time 113 s). At the aeration rate of 30 L/min, the cumulative ammonia reduction rate was 80.5% for biofilter A and 99.9% for biofilter B. At the aeration rate of 50 L/min(experiment II), the lowest reduction rate showed a negative value of -350% on the 8th and 9th day for biofilter A(residence time 33.9 5), and 50% on the loth day for biofilter B(residence time 67.8s). At the aeration rate of 50 L/min, the cumulative ammonia reduction rate was 82.5% fur biofilter A and 97.4% for biofilter B. Filtering efficiency was influenced by residence time. The moisture content(MC) and total nitrogen(T-N) of the filtering material were increased by absorbing moisture and ammonia included in the exhaust gas, while pH was decreased and total carbon(T-C) remained unchanged during the filtering operation.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2001

Aluminum dross should be recycled in consideration of characteristics of the dross and its reutilization after processing. In this study, aluminum dross generated in the domestic secondary aluminum industry was processed to use it as raw material for producing aluminum hydroxide. Sample dross was classified according to its size. The dross smaller than $850\mu$m was leached with sodium hydroxide solution to extract the remaining aluminum from the dross into the solution, and then aluminum hydroxide precipitate was recovered (rom the leach liquor. Purity of the obtained aluminum hydroxide was above 98% and size of the sample was in range of $\3~39mu$m. Recovery of aluminum hydroxide precipitate was highest on condition that A/C ratio of the solution was 0.5 and pulp density was 14~16% at the leaching step. From the result, it was suggested that this process could be applicable to recycling of aluminum dross.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2009.12a
• /
• pp.1026-1029
• /
• 2009

현재 남해안 굴양식산업은 어업인들의 중요한 소득원이 되고 있으나, 굴양식장에서 발생되는 굴패각은 처리곤란 및 악취발생으로 인해 또 다른 해양오염원으로 그 문제성이 심각하게 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 굴양식장에서 연간 약 28~30만여톤의 굴패각이 발생되고 있으며, 그 중 10~20%는 종패부착용이나 비료로 재활용되고 있고, 80~90%는 매립되거나 야적 방치된다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴패각을 재활용하고자 굴껍질의 성분분석을 실시하여 나노고분자세라믹 코팅제의 세라믹 소재로써의 적용 가능성여부를 확인하였고, 경기도 P정수장 내 여과지 콘크리트 벽면에 코팅처리하여 그 성능을 확인하였다. 그 결과 패각의 굴껍질은 90%이상이 탄산칼슘($CaCO_3$)로 이루어져 있었으며, 굴껍질을 재활용한 나노고분자세라믹 코팅제는 pH 7.5~8.5로서 일반수도를 측정한 pH 7.3~7.8과 유사한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 나노고분자세라믹 코팅제의 콘크리트 벽면에 대한 부착강도는 한국산업규격에 제시된 폴리머의 방수재료 부착강도인 8~10(kg.f/$cm^2$)이상의 값이 나타남에 따라 패각의 굴껍질을 재활용한 나노고분자세라믹 코팅제의 경기도 P정수장 내 여과지 콘크리트 벽면 코팅제로써 적용이 가능한 것으로 확인 되었다.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2009

Paper mill sludges are discharged around 870,000 M/T annually. Only 30% of the paper mill sludge have been recycled and the rest has been disposed by land fill, incineration, ocean abandonment and other ways. Because of overall prohibition of sludge disposal by London Dumping Convention in 2012, a urgent counter measure for paper mill sludge must be provided. In this paper, some basic experiments were carried out to develop a tray cell pot using paper mill sludge for increasing the recycling potential of the wasted sludge. To establish the manufacturing parameters, the tray cell pots were made with three types of materials including virgin pulp, old news paper and corrugated board mixed in a blend tank of a molding machine. The bending force and moisture content of the produced tray cell pots was measured to confirm the application capability. The tray cell pot could be manufactured under the condition of over 20% of virgin pulp, 40% of old news paper added. However, the corrugated board could not be used because of the glutinous substance included. The produced tray cell pot absorbed water very easily and the bending force decreased rapidly. The waterproof material must be used to applicate the produced tray cell pot in plant growing fields.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2015

Commercial Zr-based amorphous alloy was recycled and oxygen was introduced during the recycling process. The oxygen content can have a great effect on the glass forming ability and the mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, it was closely examined. The initial oxygen content in the raw material was 1,244 ppm. It was increased to 3,789 ppm in the alloy after ten recycling processes. As the recycling processes were repeated, the oxygen content increased. Specifically, after four recycling processes, it increased sharply as compared to that after three recycling processes. After ten recycling processes, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 613 K to 634 K and the crystallization temperature (Tx) increased from 696 K to 706 K. On the other hand, the super-cooled liquid region (${\Delta}T=Tx-Tg$) decreased slightly from 83 K to 72 K while the reduced glass transition temperature (Trg = Tg/Tm) was 0.63, remaining constant even when the oxygen content was increased. These results indicated that the increased oxygen content deteriorated the glass forming ability. The bending strength as determined in a three-point bending test showed a sharp decrease from 3,055 to 2,062 MPa as the oxygen content was increased from 1,244 ppm to 3,789 ppm; the extension was also decreased from 3.02 to 1.74 mm. These findings meant that the alloy became brittle.