• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2011

The provisions regarding the standard cost for recycling stated under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) since 2002, include different and complicated obligatory steps to be taken on a variety of subject items regarding the collection, the transportation and the treatment, making the corporations face in their calculating and executing the standard cost. This study presents more objective calculation scope and standard for the purpose of efficient operation of the standard cost for recycling, in consideration of the general industry perception toward cost issue as well as domestic/overseas case studies regarding the standard cost for recycling. Besides, the study presents the checking items and the calculation contents per step to calculate the standard cost for recycling. Therefore, it is expected not only to be used as the objective standard to calculate the standard cost for recycling, but also to contribute to increasing the work efficiency in the following ongoing re-calculation process and to maintaining the consistent operation of the institution.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1757-1763
• /
• 2011

In recent years, accordance to industrial development project on railway investment, adverse environmental issues of the investment, such as disputed cases about recycling and usage of Ballast Cleaner excavated soil, have been continuously increasing. It will not only enhance the regulation of soil contamination but take considerable time and cost in future. In this study, we investigated soil contamination and burnability with soil of Chungang Line, Taebaek Line, Chungbuk Line, in order to seize a possibility of recycling Ballast Cleaner excavated soil for the natural materials and substantial heat sources, which are necessary resources for cement manufacturing process. As a result of this study, It is found that Ballast Cleaner excavated soil is satisfied with a standard. The excavated soil contains a lot of cement ingredients and fossil fuel dust incurred from freight transportation, so it is expected to use for ingredients of cement and replacement of heat sources.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권11호
• /
• pp.1015-1024
• /
• 2020

Using the waste(sand wastr and boiler ash) in fluidized bed inciverator, lightweight aggregate concrete was produced and a recycling plan was prepated. The first, the result of the leaching test shows that the waste fluid sand and boiler ash did not exceed the effluent standard. This indicates that there is no harmful effect for recycling. The second, in the lightweight aggregate test using waste fluid sand and boiler ash, the sample that combined cement, waste fluid sand, and sand showed the highest compressive strength, and the mix proportion was 10: 7: 3. Lightweight aggregate concrete that combined cement, waste fluid sand, boiler ash, and sand had a low compressive strength by and large. The third, the same results were identified in the relation between the content of SiO₂ and that of Na₂O. As the SiO₂ content is lowered, the overall viscosity and plasticity of the concrete also decrease, which is not a good condition to form concrete. As for Na₂O, as the content increases, the viscosity of the sample and the viscosity of the cement are remarkably lowered, and the strength of the finished concrete is lowered. Therefore, it was concluded that the higher the content of SiO₂ and the lower the content of Na₂O, the more suitable it is to mix with cement to produce concrete. Fourth, from the fluidized bed incinerator currently operated by company A in city B, a total of 14,188 tons/year were discharged as of 2016, including 8,355 tons/year of bottom ash (including waste fluid sand) and 5,853 tons/year of boiler ash. The cost for landfill bottom ash and boiler ash discharged is 51,000 won/ton, and the total annual landfill cost is 723,588,000 won/ year. Assuming that the landfill tax to be applied from the year 2018 is about 10,000 won/ton, and if there is no reduction in waste disposal charge, an additional landfill tax of 141,880,000 won/year will be imposed. Consequently, the sum total of the annual landfill cost will be 865,468,000 won/year. Therefore, if the entire amount is used for recycling, the annual savings of about 8.7 billion won can be expected.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.491-499
• /
• 2008

점점 더 강화되는 수질기준, 연료 및 에너지비용 증가 등으로 경제성, 소요부지의 최소화, 운전의 용이성, 슬러지 발생의 최소화, 높은 처리효율을 지니는 폐수처리시스템의 개발은 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 난분해성물질을 함유한 오 폐수에 대해 대기노출형 백색부후균 생물막을 이용하여 생물막의 침지형태, 체류시간, 재순환비, 모듈회전수에 따른 유기물 처리 특성을 연구하였다. HBC 링 여재에 부착된 백색부후균 생물막을 대기중에 완전히 노출하여 운전시 침지형 포기조건과 거의 비슷한 제거율을 나타냈다. 대기노출형의 최적조건은 HRT 3$\sim$4 hr, 재순환비 6$\sim$10 Q, 모듈회전수 0.5$\sim$2회/min이며, 이때 유기물 제거율은 COD$_{Cr}$ 65.0$\sim$69.9%, NBDCOD 70.4$\sim$72.7%, BOD$_5$ 88.8$\sim$90.1%, SS 84.2$\sim$90.4%를 나타냈다. 또한 본 연구에서 BOD$_5$의 유출수 평균농도는 8.9 mg/L로 중수도 수질기준 BOD$_5$ 10 mg/L이하를 만족하였으나, NBDCOD의 경우 평균농도가 29.6 mg/L로 중수도 수질기준 20 mg/L보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2014

This study was aimed at investigating a filtration bed system for the production of liquid fertilizer using wastewater generated after anaerobic digestion of animal manure. Slurry, Compost, & Biofiltration-Methane System, designed by Korean National Institute of Animal Science, is now a standard method to recycle anaerobic digestion wastewater. However, currently provided protocol to run the system needs continuous upgrades as the system is relatively new and can be more cost-effective if few adjustments are made. In this study, we tried to enhance the capability of the system to process anaerobic digestion wastewater by replacing the bed materials with the cheaper one, and determining the time point of operation from which filtrates can be utilized for fertilization.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 1984

우리 나라는 수공급(水供給)을 주로 댐개발(開發)에 의존(依存)하여 왔으나 이와 같은 방식(方式)은 앞으로 댐적지(適地)의 감소(減少), 건설비(建設費)의 앙등(昻騰), 수몰지역주민(水沒地域住民)의 생활재건대책(生活再建對策), 환경영향(環境影響) 등의 제요인(諸要因)으로 인하여 계속하여 개발(開發)하기 어려운 상황(狀況)에 있다. 한편 수수요(水需要)는 도시(都市)로의 인구집중(人口集中), 생활수준(生活水準)의 향상(向上), 산업발전(産業發展) 등으로 인하여 계속 증가(增加)되고 있으며 앞으로도 인구(人口)의 증가(增加)와 경제활동(經濟活動)의 고도화(高度化)에 따른 도시기능(都市機能)의 향상(向上)에 의해 증가(增加)될 것으로 예상(豫想)된다. 따라서, 앞으로 늘어날 수수요(水需要)에 대처(對處)하기 위해서는 지하수(地下水)의 개발(開發), 해수(海水)의 담수화(淡水化), 그리고 물을 순환재이용(循環再利用)하는 중수도(中水道)의 도입(導入)이 절실(切實)하며 그 연구(硏究) 또한 시급하다. 중수도(中水道)란 종래(從來) 수도(水道)에 의해서 급수(給水)되고 있던 용도(用途)가운데 반드시 음용수(飮用水)와 같은 정도(程度)의 청정(淸淨)을 요(要)하지 않는 용도(用途)에 대(對)하여 각(各) 용도(用途)에 적합(適合)한 수질(水質)의 중수(中水)를 공급(供給)하는 것으로써 사람이 마시기에 적합(適合)하지 않은 물을 공급(供給)하는 시설(施設)의 총체(總體)라고 정의(定義)한다. 이와 같은 중수도(中水道)의 용도(用途)로는 수세식(水洗式) 변소용수(便所用水), 에어컨냉각용보급수(冷却用補給水), 세차용수(洗車用水), 살수용수(撒水用水), 가로청소용수(街路淸掃用水), 조경용보급수(造景用補給水), 소화용수(消火用水) 등을 들 수 있으며, 원수(原水)로는 건물내(建物內)에서 발생(發生)하는 잡배수(雜排水), 수세식(水洗式) 변소용수(便所用水), 냉동냉각배수(冷凍冷却排水), 하수처리수(下水處理水), 오탁하천수(汚濁河川水), 그리고 우수(雨水), 지하수(地下水) 등을 생각할 수 있다. 그러나, 원수(原水)를 선정(選定)할 때는 수질(水質)과 함께 수량(水量)이 풍부(豊富)한가에 대해서도 고려(考慮)하여야 한다. 중수도(中水道)의 형태(形態) 및 분류(分類)는 개방계(開放系) 순환방식(循環方式)과 폐쇄계(閉鎖系) 순환방식(循環方式)으로 대별(大別)되며, 이를 규모(規模)에 따라 개별순환방식(個別循環方式), 지구순환방식(地區循環方式), 광역순환방식(廣域循環方式)의 3 가지로 나눈다. 중수도처리방식(中水道處理方式)은 활성오니법(活性汚泥法), 회전원판법(回轉圓板法), 접촉폭기법(接觸曝氣法)을 포함(包含)한 생물화학적(生物化學的) 처리법(處理法)과 의집심의법(擬集沈擬法), 사려과법(砂濾慮過法), 활성탄처리법(活性炭處理法), ozone 처리법(處理法), 염소처리법(鹽素處理法), 막처리(膜處理) 등을 포함(包含)한 물리화학적(物理化學的) 처리법(處理法)으로 대별(大別)된다. 또한 현재(現在) 외국(外國)에서 실시(實施)하고 있는 중수도(中水道)의 예(例) 조사(調査)하였으며, 중수도이용(中水道利用)의 효과(效果)를 직접적(直接的) 효과(效果)와 부수적(附隨的) 효과(效果)로 나누어 기술(記述)하였다. 또한 중수도(中水道) 개발시(開發時)의 문제점(問題點)을 순환방식별(循環方式別)로 조사(調査)하였으며, 기술(技術), 위생(衛生), 관리상(管理上)의 문제(問題)와 비용문제(費用問題), 법령상(法令上)의 문제(問題)를 다루었다. 중수도(中水道)를 개발(開發)하기 위해 사업자(事業者)(설치자(設置者))와 행정기관(行政機關)의 역할(役割) 중수도(中水道)를 위한 시설(施設)의 구조기준(構造基準) 및 유지관리기준(維持管理基準), 재정적(財政的) 조치(措置) 등에 대해서 연구(硏究)하였다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.89-114
• /
• 2012

For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.