• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2016

It is imperative to develop an effective pathway to depolymerize lignin into liquid fuel that can be used as a bioheavy oil. Lignin can be converted into liquid products either by a solvent-free thermal cracking in the absence air, or thermo-chemical degradation in the presence of suitable solvents and chemicals. Here we show that the solvent-assisted liquefaction has produced promising results in the presence of metal-based catalysts. The supercritical ethanol is an efficient liquefaction solvent, which not only provides better solubility to lignin, but also scavenges the intermediate species. The concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (CSAHL) was completely liquefied in the presence of solid catalysts (Ni, Pd and Ru) with no char formation. The effective deoxy-liquefaction nature associated with scEtOH with aid hydrodeoxygenation catalysts, resulted in significant reduction in oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) molar ratio up to 61%. The decrease in oxygen content and increase in carbon and hydrogen contents increased the calorific value bio-oil, with higher heating value (HHV) of $34.6MJ{\cdot}Kg^{-1}$. The overall process is energetically efficient with 129.8% energy recovery (ER) and 70.8% energy efficiency (EE). The GC-TOF/MS analysis of bio-oil shows that the bio-oil mainly consists of monomeric species such as phenols, esters, furans, alcohols, and traces of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The bio-oil produced has better flow properties, low molecular weight, and high aromaticity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2002

The hepato-protective activity of the GODEX (Hepadif-s capsule) has been studied in the rats against $CCl_4$-ethanol induced liver toxicity. The rats were oral1y treated with $CCl_4$ (corn oil/ $CCl_4$ 1:1, 1 mg/kg). And one week passes, $CCl_4$(0.4 mg/kg) administered two times a week for 7 weeks. The drugs have been administered every two days for 4 weeks after $CCl_4$ injection. The experimental groups have consisted of the GODEX (250 mg/kg), Hepadif (200 mg/kg), DDB complex (DDB 50 mg/kg and garlic oil powder 50 mg/kg), DDB (50 mg/kg), and vehicle control respectively. There was a significant decrement on the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin in all treated groups. Specially, ALT level of GODEX and Hepadif only treated groups was decreased c1early. Also, serum albumin level was significantly enhanced in GODEX treated group compared with control and DDB treated groups. In histological results, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, lobular restructure and necrosis of bile duct were severely showed in control. But other treated groups showed centerilobular degeneration and mild hyper-plasia. Hepadif or DDB has a effects of the recovery on serum parameters and structure ill liver injury. When it was compared GODEX to Hepadif alone or DDB complex or DDB, it suggested to have the best activity of the liver recovery.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2008

청정대체에너지로 관심이 고조되고 있는 바이오에탄올의 경제적 생산은 고유가시대에 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 곡물의 주정발효를 통해 얻어진 바이오 에탄올의 회수공정에 대하여 공장설계를 위한 열역학적 해석을 통해 신뢰성 있는 공정모사결과를 얻을 수 있도록 하고, 본 모델을 통하여 매우 성공적으로 운전이 되어 제품을 생산할 수 있고 향후 공정개선에 대한 기초를 마련했다. 연료용 무수에탄올 생산 공정은 실제공정에서 사용되고 있는 기술은 공비증류, 추출증류, 압력스윙 흡착공정 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 추출증류 공정에 대한 공정모사를 통해 경제성 및 영향성을 평가해보았다. 에틸렌글리콜을 이용한 추출증류에 대한 공정연구는 매우 에너지 효율적이고 무수에탄올 생산에 있어 에틸렌글리콜을 이용한 추출증류는 발효 불순물의 영향을 받지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 공비증류와 비교할 때 가장 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 무수에탄올 회수에 있어 다양한 구성이 가능하며, 에탄올의 회수율을 극대화할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 또한 공비를 제거하기위한 에틸렌글리콜 등의 첨가제는 공정의 성분들과 끓는점의 차이가 높고 서로의 용해도가 낮아서 공정중에 거의 100% 회수가 가능한 특징을 있고 공비증류에 비해 매우 환경친화적이다. 한편 개발된 공정에서는 매우 낮은 에너지(1.37198 kg steam/kg anhydride ethanol from 3.05 mol% ethanol)로 99.85%의 무수에탄올을 생산할 수 있으며, 본 연구의 결과 발효된 원료로부터의 무수에탄올의 생산은 공비를 제거하기위한 agent의 선택도 중요한 사항으로 첨가제에 따른 효율이나 에너지 필요량을 알아보았고 공정의 에너지를 절약하기 위해 공정을 효율적으로 구성하여 열회수를 극대화 할 수 있었다.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mustard leaf diet on the lipid metabolism under chronic alcohol administration. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either AIN-76 diet(control), control with ethanol, AIN-76 diet plus 5% mustard leaf(mustard leaf), or mustard leaf with ethanol lot 30 days. On the 21st day, all of the rats were given an oral dose of ethanol and blood-ethanol concentration were monitored for the next 5 hours. Lipid and enzyme determinations in serum and liver were carried out after 30 days. The results obtained were summarized as following: 1) Supplementing 5% of mustard leaf did not recover the body weight loss due to chronic alcohol administration. 2) There were no significant differences in blood ethanol concentrations among the experimental groups. 3) Mustard leaf diet decreased the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride levels increased due to the chronic alcohol administration, but not HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, and liver lipids. 4) Mustard leaf diet decreased ${\gamma}$ -GTP level increased by chronic alcohol administration. Overall, these data suggest that mustard lear can have a recovery function, which was not via ethanol metabolism on the symptoms of alcohol related diseases.(Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 94~102, 1998)

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1292-1295
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• 2005

Effects of the Seokchangpo-Wonji-Tang on recovery from disorder of stomach, liver and mental-faculty in alcoholism were studied using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were assigned into 4 groups; normal, control and Seokchangpo-Wonji-Tang(SWT) group. Control group administered ethanol(25 v/v %) at a dose 3g/kg, while SWT group administered 50mg/kg of SWT 30min before treating same dose of ethanol as control group for 10 days, orally. The gastric ulceration and also GOT and GPT activities in rats were checked, and all groups were subjected to trials of straight channel on the 1st day and to those of multiple T-maze during the following 3 days. The gastric ulceration, GOT and GPT activities were increased in control group, but decreased in SWT group significantly. The time required in normal group for the straight channel of the 2nd and 3rd trials was significantly shorter than that of the 1 st, while the control group showed no significance. In the time required for the multiple T-maze trials, the control group showed no significance. But in the straight or T-maze trials, the SWT group showed significant decrease in the time required against the control group.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 1991

The present study was undertaken in an effort to investigate the effects of alcohol on survival of mice and on their humoral and cellular immune responses, The immune responses examined were Arthus and delayed-type hyperrsnesitivity(DTH) reactions to sheep red blood cells(SRBC), contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzend(DNFB), antibody response to thymus - dependent SRBC and to thymus -independent polyvinylpyroridone(PVP), and the recovery of Crytococcus neoformans from the liver, spleen, kidney and brain of experimentally infected mice. The administration of ethanol concentrations of 20% or less did not cause any change in survival rates as compared withs saline injected control group. In general, ethanol administration inhibited the Arthus and DTH reactions to SRBC, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB, and antibody response to both SRBC and PVP and it also decreased the resistance of mice to C. neoformans infection. Taken together, the present study stongly suggested that ethanol inhibits immune response and decrease the resistance of mice to C. neoformans infection.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2014

The effects of additives on gas sensing properties of $In_2O_3$ ethanol gas sensor were investigated. Gas sensors were fabricated by the painting method. The $In_2O_3-La_2O_3-Pt$ sensor heat treated $400^{\circ}C$ displayed fast response and recovery behavior with a maximum sensitivity to ethanol gas in air at an operating temperature of $300^{\circ}C$.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 $Ca(LA)_2$의 침전조건을 최적화하고 침전된 $Ca(LA)_2$ 용액에 황산을 처리하여 고순도, 고수율의 lactic acid를 회수할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 특히 $Ca(LA)_2$의 용해도를 낮추기 위하여 여러 종류의 유기용매 첨가에 따른 영향을 평가하였다. 모델용액의 경우 침전을 위한 최적의 석회종류, 석회량, 교반속도, 시간, 온도, 유기용매 첨가량은 각각 CaO, 0.0175 g/mL, 220 rpm, 24 h, $5^{\circ}C$, ethanol 25% (v/v)이었으며 최적 조건 하에서 가장 높은 순도 (98%)와 수율(69%)을 얻을 수 있었다. 발효배양액 (lactic acid 순도: 69%, pH: 7.3)의 경우, 모델용액으로부터 얻은 최적의 조건 하에서 $Ca(LA)_2$ 회수 과정에서 64%, 회수된 $Ca(LA)_2$에 황산을 첨가 ($Ca(LA)_2/H_2SO_4$ molar ratio = 1:1)하여 lactic acid를 회수하는 과정에서 86%의 회수율을 각각 얻어 발효배양액으로부터 총괄 수율 55%로 lactic acid (순도: 88.6%)를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2007

The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and n-butanol fraction (NBF) of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri aerial parts were screened for hepatoprotective activity and in vivo antioxidant activity on ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats. Ethyl acetate fraction was found to be more potent even though both the fractions were endowed with significant hepatoprotective activity. EAF and NBF were investigated for hepatoprotective activity in albino rats at 300 mg/kg, p.o. dose and compared with standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg, p.o.). Results show that both the fractions were effective in blunting ethanol-induced enhanced activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, level of serum bilirubin (both total and direct), liver weight loss and was also effective in reducing ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the fractions could also enhance ethanol-induced suppressed activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreased level of reduced glutathione. Results of hepatocellular damage caused by ethanol and its recovery by EAF and NBF, suggest that they might be considered as a potential source of natural hepatoprotective agents, which could be related to the free radical scavenging properties of saponins present in high concentration in the fractions.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2021

Ethanol often causes critical health problems by altering the neuronal activities of the central and peripheral nerve systems. One of the cellular targets of ethanol is the plasma membrane proteins including ion channels and receptors. Recently, we reported that ethanol elevates membrane excitability in sympathetic neurons by inhibiting Kv7.2/7.3 channels in a cell type-specific manner. Even though our studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on the Kv7.2/7.3 channel was diminished by the increase of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P₂), the molecular mechanism of ethanol on Kv7.2/7.3 channel inhibition remains unclear. By investigating the kinetics of Kv7.2/7.3 current in high K⁺ solution, we found that ethanol inhibited Kv7.2/7.3 channels through a mechanism distinct from that of tetraethylammonium (TEA) which enters into the pore and blocks the gate of the channels. Using a non-stationary noise analysis (NSNA), we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ethanol is the result of reduction of open probability (P_O) of the Kv7.2/7.3 channel, but not of a single channel current (i) or channel number (N). Finally, ethanol selectively facilitated the kinetics of Kv7.2 current suppression by voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP)-induced PI(4,5)P₂ depletion, while it slowed down Kv7.2 current recovery from the VSP-induced inhibition. Together our results suggest that ethanol regulates neuronal activity through the reduction of open probability and PI(4,5)P₂ sensitivity of Kv7.2/7.3 channels.