• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 1997

To recover protopectinase (PPase) secreted from Bacillus subtilis IFO 12113, culture filtrate of the microorganism was treated with acetone, methanol, and ethanol, respectively. In the case of treatment with acetone at a ratio of 1: 1 (culture filtrate: acetone, v/v), PPase was purified 1.7-fold with 59.2% recovery The recovery of PPase was increased by increasing the acetone concentration. PPase was purified 4-fold with 100% recovery when the culture filtrate was precipitated with methanol at a ratio of 1 : 2 (culture filtrate: methanol, v/v). However, recovery of PPase was decreased by increasing the methanol concentration. PPase was purified 13.5-fold resulting in 68% recovery by the addition of ethanol with the final ratio 1 : 1(culture filtrate: ethanol, v/v) to the supernatant, which was obtained after precipitation of the culture filtrate with ethanol at a ratio of 1 : 0.5. These results show that methanol treatment is better than other organic solvent treatments for the simple recovery of PPase, whereas fractionated treatment of ethanol can recover PPase with higher purification fold.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of the supplementation of carnitine and/or ${\gamma}$ -aminobutric acid (GABA), Sprague-Dawley male rats were orally treated with either an AIN-76 diet (control), a control diet plus ethanol (CE, 4 g ethanol/kg bw), CE plus L-carnitine (CEC, 0.5 g/kg bw), CE plus GABA (CEG, 0.5 g/kg bw), or CE plus L-carnitine plus GABA (CECG, 0.25 g/kg bw each) for 6 weeks. Serum triglyceride levels were increased in the CE group and were decreased significantly in the CEC, CEG and CECG groups. HDL-cholesterol was increased and LDL-cholesterol was decreased in the CEG and CECG groups compared with the CE group. Serum GOT and GPT levels increased by the chronic ethanol administration were decreased in the CEC group. In addition, we have evaluated the mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I in those groups. Supplementation of carnitine/GABA had some recovery effects on the liver CPT-I mRNA levels which decreased by chronic ethanol administration. These results may suggest that supplementations of either L-carnitine or GABA aye effective on the recovery of chronic ethanol-related symptoms, but no combined effects were shown.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.190-201
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• 2003

Object : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang) on cytotoxicity, growth inhibition, apoptosis and expression of cytokine in damaged HepG2 cells. Method : Toxicity on HepG2 cell induced by ethanol and acetaldehyde was measured for viability, cell growth, DNA replication and generation of apoptosis and cytokine. The recovery of the cell activity by Chungganhaeju-tang was estimated for the measured parameters using PCR with different cycle numbers, DNA gel-electrophoresis, and densitometric analysis, Results : Chungganhaeju-tang improves the recovery of HepG2 cells damaged by ethanol or acetaldehyde. The suppressed DNA synthesis of the cell damaged by ethanol or acetaldehyde is improved by Chungganhaeju-tang. A liver-protection effect was shown by the reduction of apoptosis and $TNF-{\alpha},{\;}IL-1{\beta}$ expressions that are induced by ethanol or acetaldehyde. Conclusion : The result indicates that Chungganhaeju-tang reduces toxicity induced by ethanol or acetaldehyde and recovers damaged liver function.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

Batch enzymatic hydrolysis of egg yolk protein by protease was carried out at laboratory scale coupled to an ultrafiltration module. Effect of ethanol concentrations on the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis was studied to determine the optimum condition of recovery of hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted stepwise with following conditions, $50^{\circ}C$, pH 10.0 and pH 6.5. Ethanol concentration was changed from 10 to $40\%$ (w/w). As ethanol concentration was increased, the recovery yield of total solid and protein in enzymatic hydrolysate was also increased. The content of sialic acid and protein in hydrolysate was independent of ethanol concentration. We also investigated the effect of ethanol concentration on the performance of ultrafiltration. As the concentration of ethanol in yolk protein was increased, the recovery yield of product was increased. Ultra­filtration of egg yolk protein hydrolysate was conducted to increase the content of sialic acid. Four ultrafiltation modules were used in this study, and we evaluated the performance of the UF modules. When Amicon module was used, the recovery percentage of total solid in retentate was $6.0\%$, which is the highest among the modules used. In spite of the difference in the recovery yield of total solid, the purity of sialic acid in retentate was about $2.0\%$, which was 5 times higher than that in feed. It was concluded that the recovery yield and the purity of sialic acid did not correlate with the types of modules and the size of MWCO.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.752-757
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• 1997

Crude papain extracted at optimum condition was purified with an ethanol precipitation method. Four factors of protein recovery method were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the function was expressed in terms of a quadratic polynomial equation. Adequacy of the model equation for optimum response values was tested and optimum conditions of protein recovery were 38.2 mg/mL of protein, ethanol concentration of 40% and precipitation temperature of $-8^{\circ}C$. The experimental value (68.97%) for recovery yield was closed to the predicted value (77.28%) under these conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.845-850
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• 2009

Bioethanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to replace gasoline. Cellulose is naturally recalcitrant to enzymatic attack, and it also surrounded by the matrix of xylan and lignin, which enhances the recalcitrance. Therefore, lignocellulosic materials must be pretreated to make the cellulose easily degraded into sugars and further fermented to ethanol. In this work, hydrothermal pretreatment on corn stover at $195^{\circ}C$ for 15 min with and without lower concentration of formic acid was compared in terms of sugar recoveries and ethanol fermentation. For pretreatment with formic acid, the overall glucan recovery was 89% and pretreatment without formic acid yielded the recovery of 94%. Compared with glucan, xylan was more sensitive to the pretreatment condition. The lowest xylan recovery of 55% was obtained after pretreatment with formic acid and the highest of 75% found following pretreatment without formic acid. Toxicity tests of liquor parts showed that there were no inhibitions found for both pretreatment conditions. After simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the pretreated corn stover with Baker's yeast, the highest ethanol yield of 76.5% of the theoretical was observed from corn stover pretreated at $195^{\circ}C$ for 15 min with formic acid.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1995

The role of neurohumoral mechanisms in the regulation of cardiovascular functions and the effects of ethanol (EOH) on these mechanisms were examined in hemorrhaged conscious Wistar rats. The rats were bled at a constant rate (2 ml/kg/min) through the femoral artery until mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by 30 mmHg. We studied the responses to hemorrhage 1) under normal conditions (Normal), and after pretreatments with 2) neural blockade (NB), pentolinium, 3) arginine vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist (AVPX) + NB, 4) angiotensin II ATI-receptor antagonist (AngIIX) + NB, 5) combined humoral blockade (HB), and 6) neurohumoral blockade. Intravenous administration of 30% EOH (6.3 ml/kg) attenuated the baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, and enhanced the depressor action of AngIIX. During hemorrhage, NB produced a faster fall ill MAP than Normal both in the saline and EOH groups. However, HB accelerated the rate of fall in MAP only in the EOH group. The recovery from hemorrhagic hypotension was not different between NB and Normal rats, but was attenuated in HB rats in the saline group. Under NB, AngIIX, but not AVPX, retarded the recovery rate compared with NB alone. EOH attenuated the recovery of MAP after hemorrhage in Normal rats, but completely abolished the recovery in HB rats. We conclude that 1) the maintenance of MAP during hemorrhage is mediated almost entirely by the autonomic functions, 2) angiotensin II plays an important role in the recovery from hemorrhagic hypotension, but AVP assumes little importance, 3) AVP release largely depends on the changes in blood volume, whereas renin release depends on the changes in blood pressure rather than blood volume, and 4) EOH increases the dependence of cardiovascular regulation on angiotensin II and impairs the recovery from hemorrhagic hypotension through the attenuation of autonomic functions.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.242-247
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• 2024

Pure and 0.3 wt% Au-doped In₂O₃ hollow spheres were synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of droplets containing an In-source and sucrose in air and their gas sensing characteristics to 1 ppm ethanol, 1 ppm toluene, 1 ppm xylene, 2 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and 30 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) were measured at 400 - 450℃. The pure In₂O₃ hollow spheres exhibited relatively low gas responses and sluggish recovery kinetics. In contrast, the doping of Au into In₂O₃ hollow spheres significantly increased the gas response (S= resistance ratio) to 1 ppm ethanol (S= 20.6) at 400℃ with low cross-responses (S = 1.3-8.8) to other interference gases. Furthermore, the hollow spherical morphology of In₂O₃ provides a large surface area and facilitates rapid gas diffusion, resulting in fast response and recovery times. The sensor exhibited excellent performance with a low detection limit of 1.6 ppb. These findings indicate that the Au-In₂O₃ hollow spheres are promising candidates for advanced ethanol-sensing applications, particularly in breath-alcohol monitoring for ignition interlock devices.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.347-351
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• 2003

The extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO$_2$) was investigated with respect to the effects of extraction parameters such as the kind and amount of modifier, temperature, pressure, and extraction time. The conventional organic solvent extraction was also conducted for a quantitative comparison. The content of glycyrrhizic acid in crude extracts was analyzed by HPLC and the yield of glycyrrhizic acid was computed as a weight percent recovery. The optimal pressure and temperature for SCCO$_2$ extraction were found to be 40 MPa and 80$^{\circ}C$, respectively, when SCCO$_2$ was modified with 70% aqueous ethanol. Under the same pressure and temperature, the highest recovery was attained to be 104.57% in the first 60 min when the concentration of 60%, aqueous ethanol in SCCO$_2$ was 15%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 1995

Direct contact heat exchange (DCHE) method has been employed to investigate the separation of ethanol from dilute aqueous solutions. Bubbles at high temperature were dispersed into a continuous liquid phase, generating temperature gradient in air-liquid interface, which causes heat and mass transfer accordingly. The experiments were performed in the ranges of jet regime air flow. The air-water stripping coefficient increased $5{\sim}10,\;and\;1{\sim}1.5$ times as temperature and air flow rate increased, respectively. The recovery ratio based on the initial ethanol concentration reached into 80% at the air flow rate of 84.88 m/min. The initial ethanol concentration showed little effect on the stripping coefficient and the recovery ratio.