• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.191-193
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• 2011

A 3-month-old intact male, Labrador retriever was presented with the history of coagulopathy and anemia. The results of initial screening tests of the hemostatic system yielded a tentative diagnosis of hemophilia. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was distinctly prolonged (106 seconds) and prothrombin time (PT) was not detected due to markedly prolonged test time. Whole blood transfusions (20 me l/kg body weight) were carried out prior to assays of coagulation factor. After transfusion, the patient recovered well and hemorrhage ceased. Blood samples were assessed for coagulation factor activity. The patient showed markedly low factor IX coagulation activity (5%, reference range: 7~140%) and was diagnosed with hemophilia B. After recovery, the patient was discharged from the hospital. However, 4 months later the patient was re-hospitalized for recurrence of the initial symptoms. The owner did not want to pursue further treatment and the patient died of respiratory distress two days later.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2005

Mountain watersheds are a lot of problems about soil erosion because of frequent wildfire occurrence. Runoff and soil erosion caused by the rain on a hillslope after wildfire are dependent on cover factor. And these has been a decrease by the cover factor recovery following time passage. The present paper defines the dynamic sensitivity of runoff and soil erosion that is the rate of runoff volume and soil erosion weight to rainfall energy and analyzes characteristics of the sensitivity for variation of cover factor, In according to the correlation analysis between other parameters and sensitivities, the sensitivity is the most dependent on the cover factor and the relation is exponential. The sensitivities after wildfire have suitable relation with treatment method for the mitigation of burnt forest and wildfire intensity. It was confirmed that the variation of soil erosion sensitivities come upon the range of stability in 5 years after wildfire.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.23 no.11 s.170
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• pp.1904-1911
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• 1999

The most effective material in the shape memory alloy(SMA) is the TiNi alloy, because its shape recovery characteristics are very excellent. We molded the composite material with shape memory function. The fiber of it is $Ti_{50}-Ni_{50}$ shape memory alloy and matrix of it is epoxy resin(Araldite B41, Hardner HT903. Ciba Geigy), its adhesive and optical sensitivity are very excellent. It was assured that the composite material could be used as model material of photoelastic experiment for intelligent materials or structures. In this research, the composite material with shape memory function is used as model material of photoelastic experiment. Photoelastic experimental hybrid method is developed in this research, it is assured that it is useful on the obtaining stress intensity factor and the separation of stress components from only isochromatic data. The measuring method of stress intensity factor of intelligent material by photoelastic experiment is introduced. In the mode I state, we can know that stress intensity factors are decreased more than 50% of stress intensity factor of room temperature when temperature of fiber is greater than 4$0^{\circ}C$, prestrain greater than 5% and fiber volume ratio greater than 0.42% and that stress intensity factors are decreased by 100% when fiber volume ratio is greater than 0.84%, prestrain greater than 5% and temperature greater than 60 $^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.435-443
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• 2005

Purpose: This study investigated the degree of fatigue of hemodialysis patients, and finds the relationship between fatigue and self-efficacy, family support, and sleep factor. Also, this study was purposed to provide fundamental data to help set up a nursing plan and intervention for recovery and mitigation of hemodialysis patient's fatigue. Method: The subjects in this study were patients treated as hemodialysis patients in Kwangjoo City. Data, subjects are 143 patients. Fatigue was measured using Lee's scale(1991), Self-efficacy using Kim's scale(1995), and Family support using Kim's scale(1993). For the analysis of collected data, Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression were used for statistical analysis by SPSSwin(version 11.0) program. Result: Fatigue degree of hemodialysis patients averaged 4.22. Among 143 hemodialysis patients, 70.63% patients answered that they had felt fatigue as noted in this study. The weariest time was after hemodialysis for 21.0% patients. There was significant difference according to the diagnosis period. The patients who were diagnosed over one year had felt more fatigue than ones who were diagnosed within one year. Fatigue was significantly associated with self-efficacy, family support, and sleep factor. Self-efficacy could explain 14.6% of fatigue. Conclusion: The fatigue degree relates with all, self-efficacy, family support, and sleep factor. Especially, it is affected by self-efficacy among them. Thus, the program should be developed to mitigate fatigue as the self-efficacy of hemodialysis is enhanced.

• Plant Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.48-53
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• 2021

In the case of a 900 MW combined cycle power plant, most of the load on the site is a rotating device and is operated at a low power factor, and the power factor decrease increases the reactive power, which causes the efficiency of the device to be consumed and unnecessary unnecessary power consumption. This study intends to present the results by installing and operating a reactive power compensation device that absorbs and removes reactive power, which is a solution to this problem, on a 6.9 kV on-board bus. As a result of application of this system, first, it was confirmed that the power factor of the rotating machine was improved to 0.22 and the load power in the house was reduced by 1.4%, and the thermal efficiency of the generator was increased by 0.1% and the power generation power by 810 kW. Next, it was confirmed that the cost of construction and operation can be reduced in the future due to economic feasibility, with a decrease of 200 million won/year in electricity loss compared to 1.5 billion won in investment, an increase of 1 billion won/year in sales, and a one-year capital recovery period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Korea is constructing the disaster management system to prevent various disasters and minimize damages. In spite of these efforts, however, Korea lately suffered from a number of diverse disasters. These disasters once again lead to the questions and criticisms concerning the effectiveness of the disaster management system. So research into how to quantify the disaster management system is very significant in securing the right of the people to lead a safe life, keeping human life and properties from being injured. The purpose of this study is to prioritize policies which can be considered for establishing and operating disaster management system. To do that, this study conducts a questionnaire survey, targeting for 282 fire man. The survey includes various factors according to four stages in disaster management process: prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. The method used is AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique using expertchoice 2000. Results of the analysis are as follows. At the first stage of analysis, prevention is found as the most significant factor. The other significant factors are response, preparedness, and recovery factor in order. At the second stage of analysis, share of role among disaster facilities is the most significant factor. Reorganization of disaster facilities and connection of law are significant in order.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.437-441
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• 2016

Objective : Recently, regenerative therapies have been used in clinical trials (heart, cartilage, skeletal). We don't make use of these treatments to spinal cord injury (SCI) patients yet, but regenerative therapies are rising interest in recent study about SCI. Neural precursor/stem cell (NPSC) proliferation is a significant event in functional recovery of the central nervous system (CNS). However, brain NPSCs and spinal cord NPSCs (SC-NPSCs) have many differences including gene expression and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of neural growth factor (NGF) on the proliferation of SC-NPSCs. Methods : NPSCs ($2{\times}10^4$) were suspended in $100{\mu}L$ of neurobasal medium containing NGF-7S (Sigma-Aldrich) and cultured in a 96-well plate for 12 days. NPSC proliferation was analyzed five times for either concentration of NGF (0.02 and 2 ng/mL). Sixteen rats after SCI were randomly allocated into two groups. In group 1 (SCI-vehicle group, n=8), animals received 1.0 mL of the saline vehicle solution. In group 2 (SCI-NGF group, n=8), the animals received single doses of NGF (Sigma-Aldrich). A dose of 0.02 ng/mL of NGF or normal saline as a vehicle control was intra-thecally injected daily at 24 hour intervals for 7 days. For Immunohistochemistry analysis, rats were sacrificed after one week and the spinal cords were obtained. Results : The elevation of cell proliferation with 0.02 ng/mL NGF was significant (p<0.05) but was not significant for 2 ng/mL NGF. The optical density was increased in the NGF 0.02 ng/mL group compared to the control group and NGF 2 ng/mL groups. The density of nestin in the SCI-NGF group was significantly increased over the SCI-vehicle group (p<0.05). High power microscopy revealed that the density of nestin in the SCI-NGF group was significantly increased over the SCI-vehicle group. Conclusion : SC-NPSC proliferation is an important pathway in the functional recovery of SCI. NGF enhances SC-NPSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. NGF may be a useful option for treatment of SCI patients pending further studies to verify the clinical applicability.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

With an exponential increase in electronic commerce (e-commerce), marketers are attempting to gain a competitive advantage by emphasizing service quality and post interaction service aspects, which leads to customer satisfaction or behavioral consequence. Particularly for apparel, service quality is one of the key determinants in encouraging customer e-loyalty, and hence the success of apparel retailing in the context of electronic commerce. Therefore, this study explores e-service quality (E-SERVQUAL) factors and their unique effects on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping based on Parasuraman et al' s (2005) framework. Specific objectives of this study are to identify underlying dimension of E-SERVQUAL, and analyze a structural model for examining the effect of E-SERVQUAL on e-loyalty for online apparel shopping. For the theoretical framework of service quality in the context of online shopping, literatures on traditional and electronic service quality factors were comparatively reviewed, and two aspects of core and recovery services were identified. This study hypothesized that E-SERVQUAL has an effect on e-loyalty; customer satisfaction has a positive effect on e-service loyalty for apparel online shopping; and customer satisfaction mediates in the effect of E-SERVQUAL on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on literatures. A total of 252 usable questionnaires were obtained from online consumers who had purchase experience with online shopping for apparel products and reside in standard metropolitan areas, in the United States. Factor analysis (e.g., exploratory, confirmatory) was conducted to assess the validity and reliability and the structural equation model including measurement and structural models was estimated via LISREL 8.8 program. Findings showed that the E-SERVQUAL of shopping websites for apparel consisted of five factors: Compensation, Fulfillment, Efficiency, System Availability, and Responsiveness. This supports Parasuraman (2005)'s E-S-QUAL encompassing two aspects of core service (e.g., fulfillment, efficiency, system availability) and recovery related service (e.g., compensation, responsiveness) in the context of apparel shopping online. In the structural equation model, there are five exogenous latent variables for e-SERVQUAL factors; and two endogenous latent variables (e.g., customer satisfaction, e-loyalty). For the measurement model, the factor loadings for each respective construct were statistically significant and were greater than .60 and internal consistency reliabilities ranged from .85 to .88. In the estimated structural model of the e-SERVEQUAL factors, the system availability was found to have direct and positive effect on e-loyalty, whereas efficiency had a negative effect on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. However, fulfillment was not a significant predictor for explaining consequences of E-SERVQUAL for apparel online shopping. This finding implies that perceived service quality of system available was likely to increase customer satisfaction for apparel online shopping. However, it was not supported that e-loyalty was determined by service quality, because service quality has an indirect effect on e-loyalty (i.e., repurchase intention) by mediating effect of value or satisfaction in the context of online shopping for apparel. In addition, both compensation and responsiveness were found to have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, which influenced e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. Thus, there was significant indirect effect of compensation and responsiveness on e-loyalty. This suggests that the recovery-specific service factors play an important role in maximizing customer satisfaction levels and then maintaining customer loyalty to the online shopping site for apparel. The findings have both managerial and research implications. Fashion marketers can establish long-term relationship with their customers based on continuously measuring customer perceptions for recovery-related service quality, such as quick responses to problem and returns, and compensation for customers' problem after their purchases. In order to maintain e-loyalty, recovery services play an important role in the first choice websites for consumers to purchase clothing. Given that online consumers may shop anywhere, a marketing strategy for improving competitive advantages is to provide better service quality, maximize satisfaction, and turn to creating customers' e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. From a researcher's perspective, there are some limitations of this research that should be considered when interpreting its findings. For future research, findings provide a basis for the further study of this important topic along both theoretical and empirical dimensions. Based on the findings, more comprehensive models for predicting E-SERVQUAL's consequences can be developed and tested. For global fashion marketing, this study can expand to a cross-cultural approach into e-service quality for apparel by including multinational samples.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2005

Background : Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are thought to be associated with increased airway inflammation, and the $NF-{\kappa}B$ is known to be an indicator of cellular activation and of inflammatory mediator production. This study was undertaken to investigate the change of cytokine characteristics and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity in induced sputum of COPD patients during exacerbation and recovery of the disease. Methods : Sputum induction was performed in 37 patients with COPD during exacerbation and during recovery and in 15 healthy subjects. Cell counts, levels of IL-6, IL-8 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in induced sputum and NF-kB activity in macrophage of induced sputum were measured. Results : Patients with COPD showed significantly increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and $TNF-{\alpha}$(p<0.01) and increased $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity in induced sputum(p<0.05) as compared with control subjects. Level of IL-8 during exacerbation of COPD decreased significantly during recovery(p<0.05). $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and levels of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ tended to be decreased during recovery, but not siginificantly. Conclusion : Activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were thought to be associated with pathogenesis and exacerbations of COPD.