• 대기
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2008

Sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$), man-made compound, has been paid attention as a potent greenhouse gas. After Kyoto Pototcol on Climate Change in 1997, nations established the policy aimed at minimizing release of $SF_6$ to atmosphere. We have developed and operated an automatic analytical system for monitoring atmospheric $SF_6$ using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and packed separate-column. Here, we report and discuss 4-month record of atmospheric $SF_6$ concentrations monitored at Seoul National University (SNU) pilot station near the Kwanak Mountain, Seoul. Most of observed $SF_6$ concentrations were excessively high compared with Northern Hemisphere (NH) background trend obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) monitoring stations. And the observed $SF_6$ showed extremely wide variability ranging from 4.6 pptv to $1.1{\times}10^3$ pptv, which may be affected by local sources placed nearby. Simultaneous wind data with $SF_6$ measurements show that relatively high values of $SF_6$ correspond to weak wind as well as southerly. There are many engineering installations to the south of the station. The regional value of the atmospheric $SF_6$ estimated from the data selection by wind conditions is about 6.8 pptv. This value, which is similar to concentrations of urban areas, is higher than NH background concentration.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.736-741
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• 2005

다단계 호핑(multi-hop) 무선 센서네트워크의 라우팅 경로를 설정하는데 있어서 데이터 전송의 요구가 있는 경우에만 경로를 만드는 Demand-Driven 방식의 대표적인 방법이 DSR(Dynamic Source Routing)인데 라우트 레코드를 패킷에 실어 보내기 때문에 이 또한 센서노드들의 수가 많아질수록 패킷이 무거워질 수밖에 없다. 본 논문에서는 DSR 프로토콜을 기반하면서도 라우팅 테이블을 적절히 이용하여 노드 수 증가에 대해 고정된 패킷크기를 가지도록 하였으며 라우팅 비용함수를 적용하여 각 센서노드들의 전원 소모량, 이동성(Mobility), 네트워크 내에서의 Traffic, 거리(Hop) 등을 복합적으로 고려한 안정적이고 신뢰성 있는 최적의 라우팅 설정알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

Despite recent clinical guidelines, the optimal therapeutic strategy for the management of refractory chronic cough is still a challenge. The present systematic review was designed to assess the evidence for efficacy and safety of gabapentin in the treatment of chronic cough. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and publications cited in bibliographies was performed. Articles were searched by two reviewers with a priori criteria for study selection. Seven relevant articles were identified, including two randomized controlled trials, one prospective case-series designed with consecutive patients, one retrospective case series of consecutive patients, one retrospective case series with unknown consecutive status, and two case reports comprising six and two patients, respectively. Improvements were detected in cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire score) and cough severity (visual analogue scale score) following gabapentin treatment in randomized controlled trials. The results of prospective case-series showed that the rate of overall improvement of cough and sensory neuropathy with gabapentin was 68%. Gabapentin treatment of patients with chronic cough showed superior efficacy and a good safety record compared with placebo or standard medications. Additional randomized and controlled trials are needed.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to know about solution of insecurity sense for solving the tediousness and inducing comfortableness in long time MRI examination. Studies were examined with total of 117 patients that the intention expression of self is possible for a month without dividing man and woman in november 2006. Examination methods were filled in questionnaire after testing using Siemens Impact 1.0T. The musical art were selected through intranet search and record sale inquiry using CD player and speaker. That kind of a music were selected with Korean classical music's 10 chapter, pop song 10's chapter, classic's 10 chapter and Korean popular song's 10 chapter. With analytical method, patients of under 40 year-old, or older and patients using ear-pad and head-phone were classified into groups. As analysis result with question item of questionnaire, most of the patients were showed a favor(36.72%) in playing a music, specially, examination of about 15.38% which uses the headphone prefer a music as older generation of over 40 year-old. In conclusion, with installing of the professional musical program in MRI test rooms, if listening to the music with selection by oneself before testing by season, age, time through development of appropriate musical program will be able to expect the more effect.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.493-493
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• 2000

Multi-valued decision making for transitional stochastic events was newly derived based on conditional probability of database. The two values (on-off) decision making method without transition had been proposed by one of the author in a previous work for a purpose of realizing human on-off decision making. The current method is an extension of the previous on-off decision making. By combining the conditional probability and the transitional probability, the closed form of the algorithm for the multi-valued transitional decision making was derived. The proposed multi-valued decision making was successfully applied to the determination of the five levels of the vigilance of a subject during the EEG recording; awake stage, drowsy stage and sleeping stages (stage 1, stage 2/3, REM (rapid eye movement)). The method for determining the vigilance level can be directly usable for the two purposes; selection of awake EEG segments for automatic EEG interpretation, and determination of sleep stages through sleep EEG. The proposed multi-valued decision making with a mathematical background of the probability can be applicable widely, in industries and in medical fields for purposes of the multi-valued decision making.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1482-1489
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• 1998

본 논문은 지문 영상에 대한 스펙트럼 특성을 추출, 이를 영상 개선기술에의 활용을 위하여 처리단위를 $1{\times}64$의 부영역으로 설정하고 레코드의 길이를 32, 16, 8로 설정하여 지문영상의 스펙트럼 특성을 추출하였으며, 이를 영상의 재 합성과정에 적용, 개선된 명암값 영상을 획득하였다. 또한 무손실 JPEG을 근거, 지문영사에 대한 최적의 호프만 표 및 최적의 예측기 선정을 목적으로 7개의 예측기에 대한 예측오차 분포특성을 실험적으로 추출, 모델링 과정을 수행하여 새로운 호프만 표를 제안하였으며 이를 이용하여 지문영상에 대한 압축과 최적의 예측기를 선정하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in blood pressure according to cuff size and measurement sites of the participants. Method: The participants consisted of 50 women and 50 men whose upper arm circumference was $26\sim30cm$. They had no chronic illness and gave consent to participate. Blood pressure of the wrist was measured in the sitting position, the upper arm with a standard cuff, large and small cuffs were used for measurement in supine position and the thigh in prone position. The data were analyzed with paired t-test using SPSS 12.0 program. Result: The data for the upper arm showed a difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure depending on the site of measurement. There was a significant difference between measurements with a standard cuff and measurements with large and small cuffs. The systolic blood pressure of the wrist and the thigh were significantly lower than that of the upper arm. Conclusion: These results suggest that the selection of an appropriate cuff is an essential element in ensuring accuracy when measuring blood pressure and differences in systolic blood pressure for the upper arm, wrist and thigh indicate the need to record the measuring site when measuring blood pressure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

Knowing the response of buildings to earthquakes is very important in order to ensure that a structure is able to withstand a given level of ground shaking. Thus, nonlinear dynamic earthquake engineering analyses are unavoidable and are preferable procedure in the seismic assessment of buildings. In order to estimate seismic performance on the basis of the hazard at the site where the structure is located, the selection of appropriate seismic input is known to be a critical step while performing this kind of analysis. In this paper, seismic analysis is performed for a four-story reinforced concrete ISPRA frame structure which is designed according to Eurocode 8 (EC8). A total of 90 different earthquake scenarios were selected, 30 for each of three target spectrums, EC8 spectrum, Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS), and Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the average maximum Inter-story Drift Ratio (IDR) for each target spectrum. Time history analysis for every earthquake record was obtained and, as a result, IDR as the main measure of damage were presented in order to compare with defined performance levels of reinforced concrete bare frames.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2008

기업의 지식자원은 내부성과물인 기록과 외부에서 획득한 정보자료로 구분된다. 지식자원의 디지털화로 인해 내부 생산 기록과 외부 획득 정보자료의 생산 및 획득과정, 저장 및 검색기술, 이용자의 자료이용 패턴등이 유사해지고 그로 인해 생산에서 유통, 저장, 보존까지의 수명주기도 유사해졌다. 따라서 기록과 일반 정보자료의 구분 혹은 분리 개념의 전통적인 관리 방법에서 벗어난 통합관리의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이 연구는 기록관리와 정보자료 관리의 분야 특성을 비교하고 통합관리를 위해 KM 기반의 구축 전략의 필요성과 구체적인 방법론을 제시하였다. 특히 정부예산의 상당부분이 투입되는 공기업의 지식자원 관리를 중심으로 통합대상의 선정과 통합방법, 통합주체에 대한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1978년(年)부터 1983년(年)까지 국립종축원(國立種畜院)에서 사육(飼育)된 Landrace, Hampshire, Large Yorkshire 및 Duroc 종(種) 54 두(頭)의 종모돈(種牡豚)에서 생산(生産)된 253 두(頭)의 웅돈(雄豚)의 검정자료(檢定資料)를 이용(利用)하여 이유전(離乳前) 체중(體重)과 이유후(離乳後) 형질(形質)에 대한 유전력(遺傳力)과 유전상관(遺傳相關) 및 표현형상관(表現型相關)을 추정(推定)하였던바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유전력(遺傳力) 추정치에 있어서는 이유전체중(離乳前體重)인 생시체중(生時體重), 21 일령체중(日齡體重) 및 56 일령체중(日齡體重)에서 각각(各各) $0.233{\pm}0.160$, $0.485{\pm}0.185$ 및 $0.758{\pm}0.214$이었으며, 이유후체중(離乳後體重)인 일당증체량(日當增體量), 사과요구율(飼科要求率), 등지방(脂肪)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수(選拔指數)에서 각각(各各) $0.270{\pm}0.164$, $0.350{\pm}0.174$, $0.272{\pm}0.165$, $0.887{\pm}0.221$ 및 $0.565{\pm}0.195$이었다. 2. 유전상관(遺傳相關) 추정치(推定値)에 있어서는 생시체중(生時體重)과 21 일령체중(日齡體重) 및 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에 각각(各各) 0.349 및 0.198 이었으며, 21 일령체중(日齡體重)과 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에는 0.907이었고, 일당증체중(日當增體重)과 사료요구율(飼料要求率), 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關) 각각(各各) -0.552, 0.107, -0.903 및 0.71 이었으며, 사료요구율(飼料要求率)과 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 각각(各各) -0.058, 0.699 및 -0.942이었고, 등지방층(脂肪層)두께와 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 각각(各各) -0.237, -0.025 이었다. 3. 표현형상관(表現型相關) 추정치(推定値)에 있어서는 생시체중(生時體重)과 21 일령체중(日齡體重) 및 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에 각각(各各) 0.341, 0.287이었고, 21 일령체중(日齡體重)과 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에는 0.893이었으며, 일당증체량(日當增體量)과 사료요구율(飼料要求率), 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 표현형상관(表現型相關) 각각(各各) -0.062, 0.093, -0.651 및 0.540이었고, 사료요구율(飼料要求率)과 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 표현형상관(表現型相關)은 각각(各各) 0.105, 0.601 및 -0.613이었으며, 등지방층(脂肪層)두께와 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 표현형상관(表現型相關) 각각(各各) -0.040, -0.416 이었다.