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Atmospheric Sulfur Hexafluoride $(SF_6)$ near the Kwanak Mountain, Seoul (서울 관악산 대기 중의 $SF_6$에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Junghyun;Kim, Kyung-Ryul
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.225-235
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    • 2008
  • Sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$), man-made compound, has been paid attention as a potent greenhouse gas. After Kyoto Pototcol on Climate Change in 1997, nations established the policy aimed at minimizing release of $SF_6$ to atmosphere. We have developed and operated an automatic analytical system for monitoring atmospheric $SF_6$ using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and packed separate-column. Here, we report and discuss 4-month record of atmospheric $SF_6$ concentrations monitored at Seoul National University (SNU) pilot station near the Kwanak Mountain, Seoul. Most of observed $SF_6$ concentrations were excessively high compared with Northern Hemisphere (NH) background trend obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) monitoring stations. And the observed $SF_6$ showed extremely wide variability ranging from 4.6 pptv to $1.1{\times}10^3$ pptv, which may be affected by local sources placed nearby. Simultaneous wind data with $SF_6$ measurements show that relatively high values of $SF_6$ correspond to weak wind as well as southerly. There are many engineering installations to the south of the station. The regional value of the atmospheric $SF_6$ estimated from the data selection by wind conditions is about 6.8 pptv. This value, which is similar to concentrations of urban areas, is higher than NH background concentration.

Optimal Routing Path Selection Algorithm in Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Network (Ad-hoc 센서 네트워크를 위한 최적 라우팅 경로 설정 알고리즘)

  • Jang In-Hun;Sim Kwee-Bo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.736-741
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    • 2005
  • The highly popular algorithm to determine routing path for the multi-hopping wireless sensor network is DSR(Dynamic Source Routing), which is one of the Demand-Driven way to makes the route only when there is a request for sending data. However, because DSR attaches the route's record on the sending packet, the bigger number of sensor node is, the heavier packet in DSR becomes. In this paper, we try to propose the new optimal routing path selecting algorithm which does not make the size of packet bigger by using proper routing table even though the number of sensor node increases, and we try to show our algorithm is more stable and reliable because it is based on the cost function considering some network resources of each sensor node such as power consumption, mobility, traffic in network, distance(hop) between source and destination.

Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review

  • Shi, Guanglin;Shen, Qin;Zhang, Caixin;Ma, Jun;Mohammed, Anaz;Zhao, Huan
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.81 no.3
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 2018
  • Despite recent clinical guidelines, the optimal therapeutic strategy for the management of refractory chronic cough is still a challenge. The present systematic review was designed to assess the evidence for efficacy and safety of gabapentin in the treatment of chronic cough. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and publications cited in bibliographies was performed. Articles were searched by two reviewers with a priori criteria for study selection. Seven relevant articles were identified, including two randomized controlled trials, one prospective case-series designed with consecutive patients, one retrospective case series of consecutive patients, one retrospective case series with unknown consecutive status, and two case reports comprising six and two patients, respectively. Improvements were detected in cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire score) and cough severity (visual analogue scale score) following gabapentin treatment in randomized controlled trials. The results of prospective case-series showed that the rate of overall improvement of cough and sensory neuropathy with gabapentin was 68%. Gabapentin treatment of patients with chronic cough showed superior efficacy and a good safety record compared with placebo or standard medications. Additional randomized and controlled trials are needed.

An Investigation on Solution of Insecurity Sense Using a Music Performing Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case report (자기공명영상 검사 시 음악을 이용하여 환자의 불안감 해소에 관한 고찰: 사례 보고)

  • Goo, Eun-Hoe;Kang, Soo-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.59-62
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to know about solution of insecurity sense for solving the tediousness and inducing comfortableness in long time MRI examination. Studies were examined with total of 117 patients that the intention expression of self is possible for a month without dividing man and woman in november 2006. Examination methods were filled in questionnaire after testing using Siemens Impact 1.0T. The musical art were selected through intranet search and record sale inquiry using CD player and speaker. That kind of a music were selected with Korean classical music's 10 chapter, pop song 10's chapter, classic's 10 chapter and Korean popular song's 10 chapter. With analytical method, patients of under 40 year-old, or older and patients using ear-pad and head-phone were classified into groups. As analysis result with question item of questionnaire, most of the patients were showed a favor(36.72%) in playing a music, specially, examination of about 15.38% which uses the headphone prefer a music as older generation of over 40 year-old. In conclusion, with installing of the professional musical program in MRI test rooms, if listening to the music with selection by oneself before testing by season, age, time through development of appropriate musical program will be able to expect the more effect.

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Multi-Valued Decision Making for Transitional Stochastic Event: Determination of Sleep Stages through EEG Record

  • Nakamura, Masatoshi;Sugi, Takenaop;Morota, Yukinao;Tachibana, Naoko;Shibasaki, Hiroshi
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.493-493
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    • 2000
  • Multi-valued decision making for transitional stochastic events was newly derived based on conditional probability of database. The two values (on-off) decision making method without transition had been proposed by one of the author in a previous work for a purpose of realizing human on-off decision making. The current method is an extension of the previous on-off decision making. By combining the conditional probability and the transitional probability, the closed form of the algorithm for the multi-valued transitional decision making was derived. The proposed multi-valued decision making was successfully applied to the determination of the five levels of the vigilance of a subject during the EEG recording; awake stage, drowsy stage and sleeping stages (stage 1, stage 2/3, REM (rapid eye movement)). The method for determining the vigilance level can be directly usable for the two purposes; selection of awake EEG segments for automatic EEG interpretation, and determination of sleep stages through sleep EEG. The proposed multi-valued decision making with a mathematical background of the probability can be applicable widely, in industries and in medical fields for purposes of the multi-valued decision making.

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A study on the enhancement and compression algorithm for the fingerprint (지문 영상에 대한 개선 및 압축 알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • 신재룡;김백기;곽윤식;조기형;이대영
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.1482-1489
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    • 1998
  • This paper aims to extract characteristics of the spectrum of fingerprint image and to apply them to image enhancement techniques in spatial frequency domain. Based on 1$\times$64 window as a processing unit and the different record lengths(32, 16, 8), the estimate of power spectrum density for each length was made. Each acquired spectrum characteristics was applied to the re-synthesis process of the fingerprint image, an improved gray scale image was obtained. In order to select an optimal predictor and the Huffman table for the fingerprint iamge, the lossless JPEG algorithm was used. Experiments were performed for extracting distribution characteristics for the each of 7 predictors from the fingerprint image and modeling processes, and the result was applied to the data compression algorithm and the selection of the optimal predictor.

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A Comparative Study of Blood Pressure According to Cuff Size and Measurement Site (커프크기와 측정부위에 따른 혈압측정치 비교 연구)

  • Song, Mi-Ryeong;Kim, Eun-Kyung
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.6-13
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in blood pressure according to cuff size and measurement sites of the participants. Method: The participants consisted of 50 women and 50 men whose upper arm circumference was $26\sim30cm$. They had no chronic illness and gave consent to participate. Blood pressure of the wrist was measured in the sitting position, the upper arm with a standard cuff, large and small cuffs were used for measurement in supine position and the thigh in prone position. The data were analyzed with paired t-test using SPSS 12.0 program. Result: The data for the upper arm showed a difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure depending on the site of measurement. There was a significant difference between measurements with a standard cuff and measurements with large and small cuffs. The systolic blood pressure of the wrist and the thigh were significantly lower than that of the upper arm. Conclusion: These results suggest that the selection of an appropriate cuff is an essential element in ensuring accuracy when measuring blood pressure and differences in systolic blood pressure for the upper arm, wrist and thigh indicate the need to record the measuring site when measuring blood pressure.

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Efficient damage assessment for selected earthquake records based on spectral matching

  • Strukar, Kristina;Sipos, Tanja Kalman;Jelec, Mario;Hadzima-Nyarko, Marijana
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.271-282
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    • 2019
  • Knowing the response of buildings to earthquakes is very important in order to ensure that a structure is able to withstand a given level of ground shaking. Thus, nonlinear dynamic earthquake engineering analyses are unavoidable and are preferable procedure in the seismic assessment of buildings. In order to estimate seismic performance on the basis of the hazard at the site where the structure is located, the selection of appropriate seismic input is known to be a critical step while performing this kind of analysis. In this paper, seismic analysis is performed for a four-story reinforced concrete ISPRA frame structure which is designed according to Eurocode 8 (EC8). A total of 90 different earthquake scenarios were selected, 30 for each of three target spectrums, EC8 spectrum, Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS), and Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the average maximum Inter-story Drift Ratio (IDR) for each target spectrum. Time history analysis for every earthquake record was obtained and, as a result, IDR as the main measure of damage were presented in order to compare with defined performance levels of reinforced concrete bare frames.

A Study of Integrated RM & IM with KM Governance: Public Enterprise Centered (KM 기반의 기록관리 및 일반 정보관리 통합화 연구 - 공기업을 중심으로 -)

  • Jeong, Ki-Ae;Nam, Young-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.23-43
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    • 2008
  • Knowledge resources are classified with two groups, the records produced by internal parts of company and general information materials from external organizations. Production, acquisition, storage, retrieval and utilization patterns of two groups became similar due to digitization of knowledge resources. And separated RM and IM should be changed integrated management concept. This paper compares RM and IM based on KM governance strategy and several methods to integrate RM and IM. Especially the selection and identification of knowledge resources, information systems to be integrated and the methods of integration and integrators of public enterprises are presented.

Estimation of Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations on Preweaning Body Weights and Postweaning Traits in Swine (돼지의 이유전체중(離乳前體重)과 이유후형질(離乳後形質)에 대한 유전력(遺傳力)과 유전상관(遺傳相關)의 추정(推定))

  • Han, Sung Wook;Sang, Byung Chan;Lee, Han Ok
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 1987
  • The study was conducted to estimate the heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations on preweaning body weight and postweaning traits. The data analysis were the record of 253 male pigs produced from 54 boars of Landrace, Hampshire, Large Yorkshire and Duroc purebreds raised at National Animal Breeding Institute from 1978 to 1983. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1. The heritabilities of body weight at birth, 21days and 56days were $0.233{\pm}0.160$, $0.485{\pm}0.185$ and $0.758{\pm}0.214$, respectively, and the heritabilities estimated on postweaning traits were $0.270{\pm}0.164$ for average daily gain, $0.350{\pm}0.174$ for feed requirement, $0.272{\pm}0.165$ for backfat thickness, $0.887{\pm}0.221$ for days to 90Kg and $0.565{\pm}0.195$ for selection index. 2. Genetic correlations of body weight at birth with 21 days and 56 days were 0.349 and 0.19& and body weight at 21 days with 56 days was 0.907, and daily gain with feed requirement, backfat thickness, days to 90 Kg and selection index were -0.552, 0.107, -0.903 and 0.716, and feed requirement with backfat thickness, days to 90Kg and selection index were -0.058, 0.699 and -0.942, and backfat thickness with days to 90 Kg and selection index were -0.237 and -0.025, respectively. 3. Phenotypic correlations of body weight at birth with 21 days and 56 days were 0.342 and 0.287, and body weight at 21 days with 56 days was 0.893 and daily gain with feed requirement, backfat thickness, days to 90Kg and selection index were -0.062, 0.093, -0.651 and 0.540, and feed requirement with backfat thickness, days to 90Kg and selection index were 0.105, 0.601 and -0.613, and backfat thickness with days to 90Kg and selection index were -0.040, -0.416, respectively.

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