• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate moisture sorption and desorption characteristics followed by tobacco type. Experiments were performed at various temperature(5, 15, 25, 40 $^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity range (11～84 %) controlled by saturated salt solution. Regression equation was obtained to predict equilibrium moisture according to various relative humidity, temperature and tobacco types. The obtained regression equation showed high $R^2$(above 0.95) and predicted accurate equilibrium moisture. Equilibrium moisture contents declines in the following order when a relative humidity is 50 % or above: expanded stem, flue-cured, expanded tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, USA flue-cured, orient, burley. To maintain 13 % moisture of each tobacco type in the range of 5～40 $^{\circ}C$ it is recommendable to control relative humidity 49～56 % for expanded stem, 50～57 % for flue-cured, 54～61 % for USA flue-cured, 56～60 % for reconstituted tobacco, 57～62 % for expanded tobacco, 58～64 % for orient and 58～65 % for burley, respectively. It means that the relative humidity of each tobacco type should be differently controlled to maintain the same moisture under the same temperature. In the range of 5～25 $^{\circ}C$, the lower temperature showed the higher equilibrium moisture content.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the sidestream smoke concentration, nicotine, tar, and CO, by the characteristics of tobacco leaves and their combinations. 20 kinds of tobacco leaves and 15 types of their combinations were selected for this study. After collecting the sidestream smoke by fishtail chimney, the concentrations of nicotine, tar, and CO in sidestream smoke were analyzed. Variation in nicotine concentration of sidestream smoke among tobacco leaves and their combinations was as much as 9-times. Heavy leaves and burley leaves were higher in nicotine concentration than light leaves and flue-cured leaves, respectively, the reconstituted tobacco leaf had the minimum concentration of nicotine. Tar concentration of sidestream smoke also was changed by the characteristics of tobacco leaves and their combinations. As the american C4F had the maximum concentration of tar in sidestream smoke, the reconstituted tobacco leaf showed the minimum concentration. Blending 50 % flue-cured B1-0 plus 50% burley B1-T grade showed the highest value in the nicotine concentration. Also, in case of adding B3K and izmir tobacco leaves, the nicotine concentration was decreased. The tar concentration in the sidestream smoke increased as increasing the amount of flue-cured heavy leaf. The CO concentration was not so much Changed by the characteristics of tobacco leaves and their combinations.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.341-353
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• 2016

Papermaking reconstituted tobacco is an important strategy for recycling the waste tobacco residues. To indentify the influences of the inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made electrodialysis stack was assembled to desalt the tobacco extract. The influences of the applied current and extract content on the removal rate of the inorganic ions were investigated. Results indicated that the applied current was a dominant impact on the desalination performance. High currents lower than the limiting current density could accelerate the desalting efficiency but cause higher energy consumption. A current of 2 A, or current density of ${\sim}11mA{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, was an optimal choice by considering both the energy consumption and desalting efficiency. A 20% tobacco extract was an appropriate content for the electrodialysis process. More than 90% of inorganic ions could be removed under the optimum condition. The preliminary result indicated that removal of inorganic components was beneficial to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. Naturally, ED is an environmentally friendly and high-effective technology for desalting the tobacco extract.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

The amount of nitrate in the tobacco leaf has been shown to be correlated with the levels of alkaloids and nitrosamines. Also the nitrate content of the tobacco correlated closely with the smoke delivery of nitric oxide and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). These are related with the effect of the reconstituted tobacco leaf(Recon) using the tobacco stems. Adsorption process is gaining interest as one of the effective processes of advanced liquid treatment for liquid containing unnecessary materials. This study is focused on the evaluation of four anion exchangers, a cation exchanger and an activated carbon, as adsorbents for reduction of nitrate anion from Recon extract. In order to analyze the nitrate anion, the IC method used in this work was carried out with a Dionex ICS-2000 system. The effects of dosages of adsorbents and concentration of extract on the removal of nitrate anion were examined. Experimental results showed that for nitrate-anion exchanger, nitrate-cation exchanger and nitrate-activated carbon adsorption system, approximately 70 %, 10 %, and 4 % removal efficiencies were achieved at the Brix 10 and the 20 % addition. Although the activated carbon was little efficient for removal of nitrate ion, the removal of nicotine was very efficient at given conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-46
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out for the purpose of reducing alkaloid in reconstituted tobacco sheet and effluent of reconstituted tobacco sheet manufacturing company by treating oxidizing agents such as ozone, sodium hypochlorite, perchloric acid and hydrogen peroxide to tobacco extract created from the manufacturing process of reconstituted tobacco sheet. The effect of alkaloid reduction in tobacco extract by the volume added, time of treatment and pH of oxidizing agents were as follows: 1. When the solid rate of tobacco extract stood at 10 percent, the content of alkaloid, total sugar, total nitrogen and chlorine was 1,600mg/l, 11,000mg/l, 3,200mg/l and 4,000mg/l, respectively. 2. The effect of alkaloid reduction through ozone treatment was in proportion to time of ozone treatment. Alkaloid showed a 31.2 percent reduction under 8 hours' ozone treatment and 0.23g ozone consumed to remove lmg alkaloid. 3. Alkaloid reduction through sodium hypochlorite treatment was influenced by quantity of chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solution. To remove lmg alkaloid, 36.3mg chlorine was used. Reduction of alkaloid was not affected by time of sodium hypochlorite treatment, while showed the best reaction under pH 5-7. 4. The effect of alkaloid reduction by perchloric acid was under the control of the volume added and time of treatment of perchloric acid. The volume of perchloric acid required to remove alkaloid was on the decrease as time of treatment was getting longer. lmg alkaloid was removed by 0.15g perchloric acid under 8 hours' perchloric acid treatment. 5. Alkaloid reduction reacted slowly to the volume added and time of treatment of hydrogen peroxide. Under 8 hours' hydrogen peroxide treatment, it showed maximum removal, registering 10 percent alkaloid reduction.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 1997

Deliveries of tar, nicotine, CO and $CO_2 in main stream smoke decreased as the potassium salt content of reconstituted tobacco leaves increased. The peak temperatures of the central region of a burning cone during a puff was in the range 940$^{\circ}C$∼430$^{\circ}C$ by IR thermal video system. The exogenous Potassium salt contents influenced the reduction of carbon-monoxide delivery through a decrease in the Peak temperature of the burning cone. Consequently, the amount of CO formed in the combustion Process was reduced by potassium salt. Moreover, the temperature of the burning cone was lowered, and the CO formed from carbonaceous reduction was decreased.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2008

The application of RECON(Reconstituted tobacco sheet) and the ventilation technology has been considered as very useful methods for controlling the tar and nicotine deliveries in modern blended tobacco. In this study, the effects of RECON contents in simulated blends on the smoke delivery and burning temperature were evaluated in three different ventilation levels. The ventilation showed a great influence on the burning temperature and smoke deliveries. The nicotine, tar and CO deliveries was greatly reduced by the ventilation. The amount of RECON showed the minor impacts on the smoke delivery. In high ventilation level such as 85 % ventilation, there was no distinct change in smoke deliveries by the amount of RECON.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2006

The pulping process in a papermaking process for a reconstituted tobacco sheet (RECON) was evaluated. For the practical information, the experiments were conducted in a real mill. Two pulping conditions were chosen and changed depending on the feasibility, such as the pulping temperature and the properties of pulping water. The higher pulping temperature resulted in the easier dissolution of solubles from the raw materials. However, the efficiency of screw press process was decreased by the higher pulping temperature, which resulted in the reduction of the HWS and the concentration in the #1 screw press filtrate. The addition of SEL(Strong extracted liquor) to pulper affected the efficiency of dissolution and the final concentration of #1 screw press filtrate. Although the higher SEL resulted in the less dissolution of the solubles from the raw materials, the concentration of the #1 screw press filtrate was greatly increased by the higher addition of SEL, which could provide much better efficiency to the following evaporation process of the filtrate and could increase the whole productivity.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2006

The papermaking process for a reconstituted tobacco sheet (RECON) has been preferred more because of the various merits such as a wide range of Recon products with better quality. The screw press is one of the very important process in RECON making process which divides the mixed raw materials into the soluble material and the insoluble material and could greatly affect the productivity and product quality. In this study, the characteristics of the screw press process in a Recon making mill were evaluated for two different RECON products. Three different efficiency index were proposed for the more detailed analysis of the screw press process. The result showed that the difference in the raw material might result in the difference in the efficiency and the properties of the extracts and the filter cake, especially in the HWS. The washing technique which applied in this experiment showed the amount of residual HWS in the fiber portion were not much changed by the each steps of the screw press.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 1993

1. Average moisture content of tobacco in BIB silo was about 19: 1% until 4hours conditioned time, and then moisture variation of tobacco after 2hr conditioned was very small. 2. Application of mathematical model for ordering system. 1) The constant K in the exponential equation varies inversely with both relative humidity and equilibrium moisture. 2) Time needed to order blending tobacco leaves with standard moisture from bulking and blending silo was 4 hours. 3) Reconstituted tobacco sheet had higher moisture absorption ratio than Oriental and Burley tobacco. 4) For minimize of conditioning time in BIB silo, the values of K and Mo given in this study can be used in equation(1) to calculate moisture absorption ratio and optimum conditioning time. 3. Average moisture content and water activity of conditioned tobacco for 4 hours in BIB silo was about 20% and 0.65. In this condition. microbial life will inhibite 4. Physical properties of conditioned tobacco in bulking and blending silo for 4hours was virtually no change.