• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 1997

Vertical and temporal characteristics of desalinized reclaimed soil were analyzed from reclaimed coastal land on the western coast of Korea. Of the vertical changes during desalting, pH valuse were the lowest at the topsoil without regard to reclaimation time. The content of C1 were designated as the early period (the first 2-4 years) which decreased exponentially and the later period(the last 5-7 years) which was almost constant, from top to down. In temporal changes of the soil attributes, pH values increased for 5 years and decreased at 6 year after reclamation. Chlorine leaches more rapidly than Na does, K and Ca are constant but Mg increases as time elapsed after reclamation. Sometimes the content of Ca and K in the reclaimed soil are of higher concentration than that of the seawater after reclamation. During desallinization as exemplified by decreasing EC of the soil, Cl and Na are rapidly leached, but K, Ca and Mg are somewhat enhanced. The ration of Na/Cl in the soil equals 1 when the EC registers 5 mmho and then increases dramatically as the EC decreases. Rapid leaching of $Cl^{-}$ elicits an increasing pH valus. The electrostatic balance of the soil is achived by replacement of $Cl^{-}$ with $OH^{-}$ until stationary or until a decreasing pH value is reached again.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to produce basic data for silty reclaimed tidal lands and to develop techniques of environmentally-friendly utilization in agricultural system. We chose the two sites in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal lands, one (Site I) has been treated with cultivating green manure and conducting the desalinization process through submergence since April, 2007 and the other (Site II) has been under natural condition without artificial treatment. In situ and ex situ physic-chemical properties were determined and comparisons were made for soil profiles examined at these two sites in April 2009. Surface soil of Site I had lower EC and higher field saturated hydraulic conductivity than those of Site II, uncultivated land. Especially, exchangeable sodium content was lowest in Site I Ap1 layer than in other layers. This is probably due to flooding desalination and green manure cultivation. Besides, Ap1 and A2 layers of soil profile in Site I showed brighter soil color and more root observation than those of Site II. This is probably due to green manure cultivation. By the large, for high cash upland crops and intensive agricultural use of silty reclaimed tidal land, site-specific soil ripening such as flooding desalination and green manure cultivation could be useful.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2021

The effects of green manure crops, hairy vetch and sesban, supplemented with HS (humic substance) on biological soil health indicators was studied in a pot containing two kinds of reclaimed soil previously contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons; a soil remediated by land-farming (DDC) and another soil by low-temperature thermal desorption (YJ). Treatments include no plant (C), plants only (H), and plants+2% HS (PH), which were evaluated in a pot containing respective soil. Biological indicators include microbial community analysis as well as soil enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, 𝛽-glucosidase, N-acetyl-𝛽-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), acid/alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and urease. Results showed an increase of enzyme activities in pot soils with plants and even greater in soils with plants+HS. The enzyme activities of DDC soil with plants (DDC_P) and with plants+HS (DDC_PH) increased 1.6 and 3.9 times on average, respectively than those in the control. The enzyme activities YJ soil with plants (YJ_P) and with plant+HS (YJ_PH) increased 1.8 and 3.8 times on average, respectively than those in the control. According to microbial community analysis, the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in DDC and YJ soil was increased from 1.5% to 7% and from 0 to 5%, respectively, after planting hairy vetch and sesban. This study showed that mixed planting of green manure crops with a supplement of humic substance is highly effective for the restoration of biological health indicators of reclaimed soils.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2007

계화간척지의 간척지구별 숙답화에 따른 토양특성을 구명하여 시비 및 토양관리계획을 수립하고자 논토양 100필지의 토양특성과 177농가에 대한 영농설문을 조사 분석한 결과 유효토심은 17.8 cm로 적정값(50 cm 이상)에 비하여 크게 미달되었으며 특히 심토의 경우 토양경도 $12.40kg\;cm^{-2}$, 용적밀도 $1.59g\;cm^{-3}$ 로 매우 높아 토양의 물리성이 불량하였다. 토양의 염농도는 0.03~0.12%로 거의 제염이 되었으며, 작토의 pH는 6.0, 유기물함량은 $8.6g\;kg^{-1}$, 유효 인산 및 규산은 각각 58과 $85mg\;kg^{-1}$, CEC는 $7.4cmol\;kg^{-1}$, ESP는 10.3%로 나타나 토양 중 양분의 불균형 현상이 나타났다. 또한 계화간척지 논에서 벼재배시 농가의 시비량($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$, kg $ha^{-1}$)은 200-54-61이었으며 경운시기는 84%가 춘경을 하였으며 벼 재배 시 볏짚을 매년 시용하는 농가는 14%에 불과하였다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 1968

The soil of the reclaimed tidal land, located in Chogi-ri, Is. Kanghwa, Korea was used in this experiment. The experimented soil samples were collected from 18 sites with its time elapsed after the shore-protection works, soil-depth and the vegetation of saline plants, and at each site samplings were conducted monthly from March through October, 1968, for the purposes of examining the changes of microbial populations for the microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, by using the dilution plate method. The numbers of the microbes in these soils generally showed lower levels comparing with those of other soils. The more time elapsed after the reclamation, the higher numbers of the microbes inhibited the soils. Higher populations were there in the surface soils than in the lower part of the area. The surface soils included comparatively better conditions in aeration and contents of organic matter than in the lower part, and this fact was. same as in general soils. However, not so was this in the case of March, April and October due to the higher soil temperatures in the lows. At the experimental sites where the halophytes such as Salicorniu were grown vigourously, the more densly the plants grew, the higher populations of actinomycetes and fungi were, but not in the case of bacterial population. This means, in this soil with dense Salicornia, it is difficult to obtain good-natured soils in short time without a higher population of bacteria. For the rapid utilization of the land soil, in this view of point, the methods increasing the number of bacteria in the soil are needed as well as the cultivation and harvesting Salicorniu which indicated in the privious paper(Hong, et al., 1969a). According to the results of this experiment, the changes of soil-microbial populations in the reclaimed tidal land soil containing high salinity depend deeply upon the interrelations of many environmental factors such as soil-salinity, soil-components and contents, concentration of organic matters, pH, aeration, and air and soil temperatures, as in the general soils.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2021

This study examined the possibility of reutilization of soil reclaimed from contaminated sites after completing remediation. The current status of soil remediation methods in Korea was reviewed and physicochemical properties of soil before and after remediation processes were examined to access the recycling possibility of reclaimed soils based on Recycling Aggregate Quality Standard. The most commonly practiced soil remediation techniques are soil washing, land farming, and thermal desorption. These techniques tend to deteriorate various soil properties including electrical conductivity(EC), organic matter content(OM), available P₂O₅, and cation exchange capacity(CEC). Evaluation of the properties of soil retrieved after each remediation process indicated soil washing may yield the most suitable soil for use as a filling, covering, back-filling, road pavement, and blocking materials, In addition, the soils reclaimed from land farming and thermal desorption have potential utility as a filling, covering and road pavement materials.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2008

간척지에서 식생의 분포에 대한 평가는 토양관리 및 환경적 연구를 위해 필요하다. 본 연구는 한국 중부 서해안 경기만 내의 3개 간척지에서 식생의 분포와 토양 염농도 간의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 식생이 연속분포를 보이는 지점에서 토양 염농도를 측정하고 출현식물종을 분류하여 연속분포의 특성을 기술하였다. 간척지 내에 나타나는 식생의 공간변이는 부분적으로 이루어지지만 각각의 공간변이를 토양 염농도를 기준으로 연결한 결과 토양 염농도 구배와 내염성 식물종의 분포가 일치하는 연속분포(continuum distribution)를 보여, 토양 염농도가 높은 곳은 내염성 식물종이, 낮은 곳은 비내염성 식물종이 분포하였다. 연속분포는 간척 경과 년 수가 오래된 곳에서 유형이 다양하고 명확하게 구분되나, 간척 초기 지역에서는 연속분포 현상이 뚜렷하지 않았다. 연속분포 유형은 순차적 유형과 비순차적 유형으로 구분되었다. 순차적 유형은 토양 염농도가 높은 곳을 기점으로 할 경우 토양 염농도가 연속적으로 낮아지는 방향으로 이어지며 식물종도 이에 따라 선구종 염생식물(pioneer halophyte)에서 저염생식물(facultative halophyte), 중성식물(glycophyte)의 순으로 변화하였다. 비순차적 유형은 비연속적 토양 염농도의 변화에 의해 형성되며, 식생의 분포도 단계적 변화를 보이지 않고 비정형적이다. 간척 경과 년 수가 오래된 지역에서는 토양 염농도가 높은 식생 고사지역이 있고 식생 비분포지와 함께 이 지점을 기점으로 식생의 연속분포가 형성되었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2020

Traction performance of a tractor varies depending on soil conditions. Sinkage and slip of the driving wheel for tractor frequently occur in a reclaimed land. The objective of this study was to develop a tractor suitable for a reclaimed land. Traction performance was evaluated according to soil conditions of reclaimed land and paddy field. Field experiments were conducted at two test sites (Fields A: paddy field; and Field B: reclaimed land). The tractor load measurement system was composed of an axle rotation speed sensor, a torque meter, a six-component load cell, GPS, and a DAQ (Data Acquisition System). Soil properties including soil texture, water content, cone index, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. Referring to previous researches, the tractor traveling speed was set to B3 (7.05 km/h), which was frequently used in ridge plow tillage. Soil moisture contents were 33.2% and 48.6% in fields A and B, respectively. Cone index was 2.1 times higher in field A than in field B. When working in the reclaimed land, slip ratios were about 10.5% and 33.1% for fields A and B, respectively. The engine load was used almost 100% of all tractors under the two field conditions. Traction powers were 31.9 kW and 24.2 kW for fields A and B, respectively. Tractive efficiencies were 83.3% and 54.4% for fields A and B, respectively. As soil moisture increased by 16.4%, the tractive efficiency was lowered by about 28.9%. Traction performance of tractor was significantly different according to soil conditions of fields A and B. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the traction performance of tractor for smooth operations in all soil conditions including a reclaimed land by reflecting data of this study.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 간척지 친환경농업 기반조성을 위하여 신간척지 토양개량을 위한 내염성 식물 활용성을 평가하고자 국내외에서 내염성 식물 18종을 수집하여 시험을 수행하였다. 신간척지 토양에서 파종된 식물의 출현율은 FL478(벼)>Barnyard grass>Pokkali>Atriplex>Sesbania>Rumex>Alfalfa>Tall Fescue>Ryegrass>Sudan grass의 순이었다. 신간척지 토양에서 생육후기까지 생육이 가능한 식물은 Limonium, Atriplex, Barnyard grass 및 Sesbania 등 4종이었다. Barnyard grass의 생체중은 $1.21kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.48kg\;m^{-2}$이었다. Sesbania의 생체중은 $1.55kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.68kg\;m^{-2}$로 가장 많았으며, Atriplex의 생체중은 $1.04kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.42kg\;m^{-2}$이었다. 그리고 Limonium의 생체중은 $1.04kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.32kg\;m^{-2}$이었다. Sesbania와 Barnyard grass를 시용한 결과 인산함량은 시험전 $62.5g\;kg^{-1}$에 비하여 각각 $76.1g\;kg^{-1}$, $78.1g\;kg^{-1}$으로 증가하였다. 유기물함량은 시험 전 토양이 $2.65g\;kg^{-1}$이었지만 내염성 식물을 시용함으로서 $2.81{\sim}4.60g\;kg^{-1}$으로 증가하였다. 녹비 시용 전 토양 용적밀도는 $1.42Mg\;m^{-3}$이었으나 Sesbania와 Barnyard grass를 시용한 토양의 용적밀도는 $1.39Mg\;m^{-3}$로 낮아졌다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.364-364
• /
• 2017

Saemangeum reclaimed land is a part of Saemangeum Development Project. Most of the persistent problems of Saemangeum reclaimed land remain to be related to soil salinity. Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor related to microbial community structure and also fungi have been reported to be more sensitive to salinity stress than bacteria. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil salinity levels on the microbial communities in Saemangeum reclaimed land using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Soil samples was collected from 12 sites of in Saemangeum reclaimed land. For pyrosequencing, 27F/518R (bacteria) and ITS3/ITS4 (fungi) primers were used containing the Roche 454 pyrosequencing adaptor-key-linker (underlined) and unique barcodes (X). Pyrosequencing was performed by Chun's Lab (Seoul, Korea) using the standard shotgun sequencing reagents and a 454 GS FLX Titanium sequencing System (Roche, Inc.). In the soil samples, Proteobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi) shows the highest relative abundance in all the soil sample sites. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Parcubacteria were shown to have significantly higher abundance in high salinity level soils than low salinity level soils, while Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae has significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The abundance of fungal, Ascomycota has the highest relative abundance in soil samples, followed by Basidiomycota, Chlorophyta, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota and Cerozoa were show significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and correlation analysis shown to salinity-related soil parameters such as ECe, Na+, SAR and EPS were affected to bacterial and fungal community structure. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes exhibited significantly positive correlation with soil salinity, while Acidobacteria exhibited significantly negative correlation. In the case of fungal community, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were seen show significantly negative correlation with salinity related soil parameters. These results suggest that provide understanding effect of soil salinity on microbial community structure and correlation of microbial community with soil parameters in Saemangeum reclaimed land.