• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to investigate relationships between shopping orientations and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities by internet fashion companies. Futhermore, the study was to explore differences in shopping orientations and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities according to consumer groups who were classified by their frequency of buying fashion merchandise through the internet. A total of 954 questionnaires were administered to internet users, and 943 questionnaires were returned. Data was analyzed by SPSS 10.0, and factor analysis, Cronbach＇ $\alpha$ coefficient, ANOVA, Duncan＇s Multiple Range test and Multiple regression were used. The findings of the study were as follows: There were differences in shopping orientations and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities among consumer groups. Frequent shoppers had most and non-frequent shoppers had the least shopping enjoyment, fashion orientation, and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities than any other group. There were significant positive relationships between 3 factors of shopping orientations and 3 dimensions of receptive attitudes. All three factors of shopping orientations affected each three dimensions of receptive attitudes of internet fashion consumers towards sales promotion activities.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of clothing behavior with such psychological variables as self-esteem and impulsiveness, to disclose the relationship between children's clothing behavior and their mother's child-rearing attitueds, to investigate the levels of clothing behavior according to children's sex and their mothers having job. Questionaires for clothing behavior and child-rearing attitudes were chosen from ones which were used in privious studies, and the items were selected on the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient. For mearsurement of impulsiveness, a portion of "personality Inventory" by Beommo Chung was used, while Robinson and Shaver's self-esteem scale was adopted for mearsutement of self-esteem. Clothing behavior was composed of 6 variables: clothing interest, clothing satisfation, clothing management, clothing sex-role, clothing comfort, and clothing independence. Samples were 380 boys and girls (4th, 5th, 6th grade) of three elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed by correlation coefficient, t-test, F-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Self-esteem had positive relations with clothing satisfaction, clothing management, and clothing sex-role. Girls who had higher self-esteem were less interested in traditional sex-role attitudes in clothing. Boys who had higher self-esteem were higher in clothing independence. 2. Those who had higher impulsiveness were higher in clothing interest, but lowere in clothing satisfaction, clothing management, and clothing independence. 3. Loving and receptive child-rearing attitude had positive relations with clothing satisfaction and clothing management, but a negative relation with clothing sex-role. When mothers had higher loving and receptive child-rearing attitude, their sons had higher traditional attitude in clothing sex-role. Democratic and self-regulating child-rearing attitude had no relation with clothing behavior. 4. To lpredict clothing satisfaction, 4 independent variables (selfesteem, impulsiveness, mother's loving and receptive child-rearing attitude, and mother's democratic and self-regulating child-rearing attitude) were selected. The explanatory power of the four variables was 15%. Clothing satisfaction was most influenced by self-esteem, and not significantly influenced by mother's child-rearing attitudes. 5. Clothing interest and clothing management were higher with the girls than with the boys, while clothing comfort was higher with the bodys. 6. When children's mothers had a job, the children tended to have higher liberal attitudes in clothing sex-role.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.202-214
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• 2017

This study figured out the influence of parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy on parents educational needs. Accordingly, it is for the purpose of being tried to establish a basic data for educational programs and intervention strategy to promote parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy for marriage immigration women. This is a study on descriptive correlation among 130 marriage immigration women with adolescent children. As the results of this study, parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy showed to be affected on the parents educational needs and had positive correlation(r=.248, p<.01). Receptive parenting attitudes and autonomous ones in the parenting attitudes had also positive correlation(r=.192, p<.05). It showed that the higher the excessive expectant parenting attitudes are, the higher the educational needs of social instruction are, and the higher the receptive parenting attitudes are, the higher the educational needs to understand growth development are. Also it showed that the lower the parenting efficacy is, the higher the social instruction and the educational need on growth for parents themselves are. The parents educational needs were high in the educational needs on learning, career instruction and education of effective communication. Based on the results above, this study hoped to develop structured education program develop for marriage immigration women and have more education opportunities for enhancing receptive parenting attitudes, autonomous ones and parenting efficacy.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.15-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on male consumers' apparel buying behavior and appearance management behavior. The subjects were 353 males aged from 40 to 59 years old. The research method was a survey and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance items, apparel buying behaviors items, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographic characteristics items. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple response analysis, ${\chi}2$ test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows. Three dimensions (appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance, and subjects were divided into 4 groups(receptive, unreceptive, awareness, and internalized group) by this variable. The 4 groups by sociocultural attitude toward appearance showed many differences on apparel buying behaviors and appearance management behaviors. Receptive and internalized group more importantly regarded fashion trend and store display as apparel buying motives, design and trend as selection criteria, and did shopping to buy clothes more often than awareness and unreceptive group. Receptive and internalized group recognized higher the need for various appearance management behaviors and spent more expense to enhance their appearance than other groups.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.605-634
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate families' responses and attitudes and the experiences of Korean LGBT individuals after revealing their sexual identity and sexual orientation and to determine how families' attitudes affected the mental health of these individuals. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were performed with 12 male and female LGBT participants, ranging from 19-30 years of age, who resided in Seoul and metropolitan areas, and reported coming out to or being outed by their families. One-to-one interviews were carried out using semi-structured questions, and the data from the interviews were analyzed using consensual qualitative research (CQR). Most of the families had very negative responses and attitudes to the participants coming out and exhibited rejection or avoidant attitudes; only a few of the families responded with receptive attitudes. As a result, the LGBT participants reacted with friction and coping behaviors, such as persuasion, participation in professional counseling, abandonment or avoidance, and running away from home. Most of the effects of the families' attitudes on the participants were negative psychological effects, such as anger, sadness, a sense of alienation, depression, anxiety, fear, trauma, helplessness, lowered self-esteem, alcohol dependence, and suicidal ideation and attempt, while receptive attitudes provided a sense of stability. For all participants, they reported that they were more likely to be hurt by their families' negative attitudes than by social attitudes. This study is significant because it provides framework for specifying families' attitudes and LGBT individuals' experiences after coming out in Korean society. It also outlines LGBT individuals' coping behaviors, psychological difficulties, and the process of coming out and provides suggestions for individuals to overcome. The results are expected to help counselors create practical strategies to better understand LGBT individuals and the psychological difficulties they may experience and provide proper interventions while counseling both the individual and the family.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.167-183
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• 2010

This study examined the relationship between maternal attitudes toward children's expressiveness, children's emotional intelligence and problem behaviors. The question as to whether emotional intelligence mediated the relationship between maternal attitudes and problem behaviors was also explored. A sample of 307 preschool children were used as subjects. Mothers rated their levels of acceptance toward their children's emotions, while teachers reported on the children's emotional abilities and behavioral problems. The data were analyzed by means of regression analyses. Our results indicated that mothers' controlling attitudes were associated with low levels of worry-anxiety. Additionally, it was found that children with high emotional intelligence showed low levels of worry-anxiety, hostility-aggression, and hyperactivity-inattention. While multiple factors of emotional intelligence had differential impacts, the self-control factor was the most powerful predictor for all the problem behaviors. It was further found that a mother's receptive attitude was related to higher levels of self-awareness in children. Instead of the significant mediating effect of emotional intelligence, it was revealed that emotional intelligence had greater effects upon problem behaviors than maternal attitudes toward children's expressiveness.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the attitudes of nursing college students to North Korean refugees (NKR) and to examine factors influencing these attitudes. Methods: A total of 195 participants completed a structured questionnaire between September and October 2016. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results of this study were as follows: attitudes toward NKR was 2.74 out of 4 points; cultural receptivity was 3.25 out of 5 points; nationalism was 2.46 out of 4 points. Cultural receptivity (r=.26, p<.001) and nationalism (r=-.18, p=.036) were significantly related to attitudes toward NKR. Unification attitude (${\beta}=0.27$, p <.001) and cultural receptivity (${\beta}=0.20$, p=.005) explained 13.7% of the variance in attitudes toward NKR. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide fundamental data for the development of a nursing education program on multicultural perspectives. Furthermore, these findings might highlight the need for a nursing education program that could enhance understanding of patients from different backgrounds and recognize their differences, going beyond a national point of view as commonly found in Korea. The nursing education program should also promote an open and receptive attitude.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

Purpose: This study compared stress, self-esteem and perception of parents' nurturing attitudes perceived by school-age children between Korea and China in order to supply information for health promotion of the children. Methods: The subjects of the study consisted of 287 elementary students in Korea, and 185 elementary students in China. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: The comparisons showed that Chinese children reported higher stress than that of Korean children. The Korean children perceived more receptive, more self regulative, and less accomplishment pressure about their parents' nurturing attitudes compared to the Chinese children. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships among total stress, self-esteem and the perception of parents' nurturing attitude in Korean and Chinese children. Conclusion: From the results of this study in order to promote the health of school-age children, it is necessary to develop a program which helps School-age Children reduce stress and increase self-esteem.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2014

This research looks at the effects of portfolio-based lessons to help female middle school students understand and develop their self identity, and to examine the influence of various factors within the school and home environment. The participants were 256 female middle school students in Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do and the analysis was done using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. The 6 portfolio-based teaching lessons were made with the aim of developing each subordinate scope in every module for development of self-receptiveness, uniqueness, closeness, tendency of planning the future, and independence. Results of the pre and post-test revealed that scores of self-receptiveness and uniqueness increased. Content analysis revealed that the students pursued their talents and interests through the portfolio activities, and made specific plans for their future careers. In sum, the results demonstrate that the students became specifically and systematically concerned about their future career. The results of hierarchical regression showed that self-receptiveness developed when their parents' attitudes were not rejecting and their peer relationships were positive. Uniqueness was shown to develop as the fostering attitudes of parents were receptive. Closeness developed as fostering attitudes of parents were receptive and as their relationships with peers were positive. The students' tendency to plan the future developed as fostering attitudes of parents were receptive and as their relationships with teachers were good, and independence was shown to develop as the fostering attitudes of parents were not rejecting. Results of a two-year follow-up study appeared that self-receptiveness scores decreased as time passed, so students had highest scores in their first year and lowest scores in their third year. Scores of uniqueness, tendency of planning the future, and identity increased in the students' second year and then remained steadily afterward.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.88-97
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• 2013

This study aims to find out various users' diverse interior design needs for their housing and interior design through the personality, which is intrinsic and consistent traits of the individual. The survey research followed the literature reviews including personality studies and interior design assessments. 176 undergraduate and graduate students as controlled by age, sex, and major answered the questionnaire. Their housing and interior design attitudes, the semiotic assessment of interior design styles, and interior design preference were compared in accordance with four pairs of preference dichotomy of MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator): Extraversion -Introversion, Sensing-iNtuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving. As a result, the framework of housing and interior design needs by the users' personality types are proposed. It shows specific needs for 16 types of personality based on eight preference dichotomy: extroversion-open, introversion-closed, sensing-functional, intuition-emotional, thinking-restricted, feeling-receptive, judging-simple, and perceiving-creative.