• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1970

This experiment was undertaken to examine the injurious environment conditions for occuring of the virus disease, grasserie and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis in rearing of silk worms, to observe of cytoplsamic polyhedrosis diseased silkworms with histological preparation and to define the virus origin on the gattine and the disease of shrinked form after moulting (Okichijimi). The results obtained are as follows. 1) The grasserie in spring season rearing was remarkably infected in highly percent with 20.1 % in high temperature condition during 3rd to 4th instar, the high temperature during 1st to 2nd instar and 5th instar in 16.5% and 16.3%, respectively. In the fall season rearing, the disease was infected by the feeding of soft leaves plot in 5.3% and 4.8%, respectively with significant difference in 5% level, accordingly, it was thought to the nutritional condition is a factor in occuring of the disease. 2) In spring season rearing, the number ofl infected silk worms of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was increased in the high temperautre and high humidity conditions, and in fall season rearing, order of the low temperature and high humidity plot, first feeding plot and feeded with hard leaves plot were found insome high infected ratio of the disease than control plot. 3) The occuring of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was observed even in control rearing plot with the examining of anatomical and histological preparation in spring and fall. 4) It was found that the high diseased ratio of the gattine and disease of shrinked form after moulting in 21.8% of control and 93.2% in feeded with inocylated plot in the biosassay of inoculum. It was defined as a virus flacherie acoording to the Danaka and Shimizu's examine method.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.415-426
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relations among the parenting stress, maternal sensitivity to infant cues, parenting environment of first-time mothers. Method: The participants were 194 first-time mothers of babies aged 1-6 months who visited well-baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. Results: The parenting stress level was moderate with a mean score of 2.4(range 1-5). The parent domain and parent-child relationship domain of the parenting stress scale were significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity to infant feeding cues (r=-.178, p<.05; r=-.197, p<.01). Parenting stress was significantly correlated with childrearing environment(r=-2.19, p<.01). Parenting stress and childrearing environment were significantly different according to the educational level of the mothers and their prenatal care. Conclusions: Nursing interventions to reduce parenting stress in first-time mothers are needed to improve maternal sensitivity to infant cues and childrearing environment which foster infant development.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.453-464
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• 2016

This study started from the basis of necessity on the researches which asserts that parental rearing behavior in the modern society should change reflecting the social change of sociocultural environment. For this, parental rearing behavior of social constructivism and existing parental rearing behavior were contemplated while construct of parental rearing behavior was explored on the basis of main causes from Vygotsky's theory in order to prepare paradigm of new parental rearing behavior. As far as the method of study goes, various literature from relevant scholars were analyzed, centering various previously conducted studies pertaining to parental rearing behaviors as well as Vygotsky's theory. Also, the validity of the contents was confirmed through consult and revision from three experts. As the result, five factors were extracted. First, factor of cooperative interaction on social interaction. Secondly, emphasis on Internalization factor on social constructive behavior. Thirdly, potential development factor in zone of proximal development. Fourthly, instructional conversation factor as semiotic medium. Lastly, assistance factor as scaffolding. As a result, new paradigm of parental rearing behavior was presented and opened a prospect in developing the touchstone of parental rearing behavior pursuant to social constructivism.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the reasonable rearing technique of Japanese oak silkworm under the different rearing condition as environment, feeding materials and rearing methods. The results are summerized as follows. The optimum temperature for the indoor rearing of Japanese oak silkworm was 25~26$^{\circ}C$ a in young silkworm and 22~23$^{\circ}C$ in grown silkworm, and generally in the condition of variable day/night temperature the growth of silkworm was faster than in that of constant temperature. The optimum relative humidity for it's growth was 80~90% at young silkworm stage and 60~70% at grown silkworm stage. The photoperiod was not affected to the growth of Japanese oak silkworm. The earlier brushing, the shorter the young silkworm stage, and the cocoon quality improved compared to the later brushing time. As a feeding materials aok (Auercus acutissima Crruthers) leaves were better than those of chestnut tree (Castanea Crenata Siebold & Zuccarini) and feeding value of cultivated oak tree leaves was better than that of natural oak tree leaves. The moving time when revealed the better cocoon production of Japanese oak silkworm from indoor condition to outdoor was 15 days after hatched, and the cocoon production was decreased by the earlier moving to outdoor.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.112-115
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• 2012

To develop an efficient mass rearing system for Cadra cautella(Walker) and Orius laevigatus(Fieber) were investigated under the conditions of photoperiod 16L : 8D, $70{\pm}5%$ RH and $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. The highest efficiency rate(multiply 28.6) of C. cautella was achieved when using the rearing cage of $20{\ell}$ than $3{\ell}$. The highest efficiency rate(multiply 16.3) of O. laevigatus was achieved when using the rearing cage of $5{\ell}$ (adult 1,500, 10 pcs(10 cm) of plant of egg taking). The moth could be successfully reared with all food substrates tested, of which rice bran(43%) + chick feed(43%) + yeast(14%) assumed to be proper for mass-rearing in view of cost.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2022

Silkworms are very sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, and unless it is a suitable temperature and humidity to grow, the productivity and quality of silkworms are greatly reduced. Therefore, it is very important to manage temperature and humidity for silkworm feeding facilities. In particular, it is essential to install heating facilities in Asian countries with distinct seasonal changes. During the feeding period, many farms manage the temperature and humidity of feeding facilities by installing and using electric heaters inside the facilities. However, it is very difficult to manage the room temperature stably by the heaters. In addition, unlike the temperature inside the facility, silkworms could undergo severe temperature changes as the inside of the rearing tray could not be warm enough. In this study, in order to improve the previous heating method, the new rearing method that directly heats the bottom of the rearing tray was developed. Compared to the previous room-heating system, the novel heater-installed tray (HIT) system significantly reduced the change in temperature during the experimental period. In addition, the number of days of silkworm growth up to harvest was shortened, which was effective in growth performance, and it was also found that silkworms grew more uniformly in HIT system than in previous system. Moreover, as the heater tubes were installed directly under the rearing tray, it quickly dried mulberry leaves and silkworm feces after feeding, and as a result, the environment in the tray was greatly improved with decrease the labor of breeder. In conclusion, these results suggest that the heater-installed rearing tray method greatly improves silkworm quality, increases weight of silkworms, and final profits compared to the previous room heating system with electric heaters.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.114-125
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• 1993

In an attempt to investigate the psycho-social environment of, and to identify contributing factors to asthma, an explorative study was designed. An in-depth interviews of thirteen mothers nth asthmatic children on their child-rearing experiences were carried out from May through October, 1992. Data were gathered and analysed concurrently. The child-rearing experiences were classified into five categories; perceiving the attributes of, perceiving the health status of, affective interactions with, socialization of, and health management of asthmatic children. Thus, a comprehensive approach for the care of asthmatic children, and studies of family on multi-dimensional contributing factors on asthma are strongly recommended.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

Livestock industry in Korea has been growing rapidly and has reached 23 trillion Korean won in 2021. This study focuses on broiler, which is one of the largest sectors in livestock industry. As the effects of climate change get more serious, primary industry such as livestock industry is fragile to climate change since it directly interacts with nature. Therefore, maintaining suitable rearing environment is important. One of the most frequently used ventilation type for controlling the rearing environment of broiler house, tunnel ventilation, causes frequent air velocity fluctuation which makes maintaining the rearing environment important. By measuring the air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in various points inside the broiler house, the internal thermal environment uniformity was analyzed according to length, width and zone. The experimental house was found to have dead zone with high air temperature, relative humidity and low air velocity near the end of the inlet and at the end of the broiler house. By using heat stress index to analyze quantitatively, zone with highest heat stress index was found to increase by 7.55% compared to the lowest zone. As a result, to maintain uniform rearing environment inside the broiler house, different factors must be measured and analyzed and used to operate the environmental control facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the actual state of extra curricula education for kindergarteners and maternal beliefs regarding child rearing. This study included 238 mothers who had a child that was either four or five years old and currently attending private kindergarten in Seoul, Korea. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) 222 of the subjects indicated that their children participated early in extra curricula education, and 56 of the respondents reported that their children were involved in four types of extra curricula education. 2) In general, the respondents indicated that they felt extra curricula activities were more important for instilling values regarding humanity to children of very young ages than for learning and that the environment in which a child is raised is more important than maturity when rearing children. 3) Parental beliefs regarding humanity and learning were significantly correlated with the actual state of extra curricula education in kindergarteners.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the experiential meaning of child-rearing for marriage immigrant women in Korea in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Using the hermeneutic descriptive phenomenology framework developed by Colaizzi, 10 marriage immigrant women rearing preschool and school-age children were invited through purposive and snowball sampling from two multicultural support centers in Korea. The participants were rearing one or two children, and their original nationalities were Vietnamese, Japanese, Cambodian, and Chinese. Individual in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted from September 1 to November 30, 2021. We extracted significant statements from the transcripts, transformed these into abstract formulations, and organized them into theme clusters and themes to authentically capture the essence of the participants' subjective experiences. Results: Four theme clusters with 14 themes were derived. The four theme clusters identified were "navigating child healthcare alone," "guilt for not providing a social experience," "worry about media-dependent parenting," and "feelings of incompleteness and exclusion." This study explored the perspectives of mothers raising children as marriage migrant women who experienced physical and emotional health crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The findings underscore that marriage immigrant women encountered heightened challenges in managing their children's health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic due to linguistic and cultural barriers limiting access to healthcare and information. Additionally, these women experienced considerable emotional stress from perceived inadequacies in providing a holistic social and developmental environment for their children under extensive social restrictions.