• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

Vehicle safety device such as active headrest and rear detection system has been developing as people are interested about rear end collision more than head on or than front. However, there is no any standard or criterion in order to evaluate vehicle safety device for rear end collision. Also there is no test protocol about rear end collision in vehicle experiment. Therefore, this research developed scenario for experiment about rear end collision in vehicle experiment. Also this research evaluated dangerousness about vehicle test and fitness about re-enacting rear end collision using scenario developed using commercial software (PC-Crash) which can re-enact vehicle collision in virtual vehicle experiment. Scenario developed according to statistics from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and German In-Depth Accident Study. Scenario has twelve cases which composed of Re-LVS (Rear end Leading Vehicle Stop), Re-LVM (Rear end Lead Vehicle Moving) and scenario for evaluation about malfunction of active headrest.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

This study deals with the rear-end collision at roundabouts. The purpose of this study is to develop the accident models of rear-end collision in Korea. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attention to developing the appropriate models using Poisson, negative binomial model, ZAM, multiple linear and nonlinear regression models, and statistical analysis tools. The main results are as follows. First, the Vuong statistics and overdispersion parameters indicate that ZIP is the most appropriate model among count data models. Second, RMSE, MPB, MAD and correlation coefficient tests show that the multiple nonlinear model is the most suitable to the rear-end collision data. Finally, such the independent variables as traffic volume, ratio of heavy vehicle, number of circulatory roadway lane, number of crosswalk and stop line are adopted in the optimal model.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2000

Although a number of neck injuries are generated, the data which quantify the kinematic response of the human head and cervical spine in low-speed rear-end automobile collisions is very limited. On this problem, just few in vitro experimental research or some experimental research using dummy on neck injury by rear-end collision was conducted, thus systematic research is requested on full scale injury mechanism. An occupant model for the response of the occupant subject to rear-end collision using commercial dynamics package DADS was developed. Developed model shows more close agreement with the experimental data compared with the MADYMO simulation results for the cases of ${\delta}V=16$ kph in sled test. For the case of ${\delta}V=8$ kph and 33.5 kph with production seat, model also shows its reliable response compared with experimental results using Hybrid III and Hybird III with RID.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2012

다중추돌사고의 형태는 연쇄 추돌이라고 불리우는 뒤로부터의 순차적인 추돌과 앞으로부터의 순차적인 추돌, 그리고 순서가 섞여 있는 추돌형태로 구분된다. 다중추돌사고에 대하여 몇가지 효과적인 재구성 해석 방안을 제시한다. 브레이크 다이브 등으로 인한 차량 파손과 승객 부상을 활용하는 전통적인 경험적 수법과 강체역학 범주내에서의 이론적인 해석 결과를 구하여 당장에의 실용적인 적용이 가능하도록 하였다. 국내에 보급이 확산되고 있는 영상사고기록장치를 활용하고 시뮬레이션 프로그램 등을 병행 활용하여 다중추돌사고를 효과적으로 해석하는 방안을 제시하였다. 저장 동영상에 대한 단순 직관적인 조사를 넘어설 수 있도록 동영상 분석 결과에 근거한 시뮬레이션 해석을 수행하여 다중추돌사고에 대한 구체적이고 다양한 정보의 획득을 가능하게 하여 원인 규명 및 책임 소재 등을 명확하게 구분할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2010

The position of the automobile's head restraint is very important for the neck injury in rear end collision. This study is about influence of the head restraint height and distance on neck injury during rear end collision. The effects of the position have been evaluated experimentally. The neck injuries are calculated by the relative acceleration between the upper and lower neck. As a result, It is found that the head restraint should be close enough to the back of the head and high enough to the top of the head.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

In this driving simulation study, the impairing effects of various types of electronic devices usage(i. e., destination search by using in-vehicle navigation system, TV watching and dialing cellular phone) during driving on front-to-rear-end collision avoidance were investigated. Percentage of collisions, driving speeds when the drivers collided, and initial reaction time for collision avoidance were analyzed and compared as the dependent measures. The results indicated that (1) any types of electronic devices usage during driving induced more serious collision-related impairment than control condition where no additional task was required, and (2) in general, destination search task appeared to impair drivers collision avoidance performance more than the other task requirements in terms of percentage of collisions and initial reaction time for collision avoidance, but TV watching induced most serious collision impact. These results suggested that any types of electronic device usage could distract drivers attention from the primary task of driving, and be resulted in serious outcome in potentially risky situation of front-to-rear-end collision. In particular, mandatory use of eye-hand coordination and receiving feedback seemed to one of essential factor leading the drivers visual attentional distraction.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.179-180
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• 2009

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.724-729
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• 2016

This case study carried out a rear-end collision accident analysis and physical simulation of an SUV and passenger car. The speed of the SUV by physical analysis is 71 ~ 87 km/h, while the speed of the passenger car is 6 ~ 22 km/h. Simulation results showed the optimal speed conditions for the SUV was 71 km/h, and 7 km/h for the passenger car. Simulations can be verified for the collision analysis. The findings of this study are expected to increase the reliability of accident reconstructions.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.58-76
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• 2019

국내에서 발생하는 교통사고에 의한 인적피해의 정도는 꾸준히 감소하고 있으나 경상자와 부상신고자수는 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 도덕적 해이로 인한 허위 과다 치료와 입원으로 발생하는 사회적 비용은 전 세계적으로 사회, 경제적 문제로 대두되는 실정이다. 경미한 교통사고의 유형 중, 추돌사고의 경우 피해차량 즉, 피추돌차량 탑승자가 주로 호소하는 질병은 해부학적, 방사선학적 근거가 없는 임상적 추정에 의한 목 상해(경추염좌)이다. 그러나 국제적인 상해 분류기준인 AIS(Abbreviated Injury Scale)와 경추염좌를 비교했을 때 임상적 추정에 의한 목 상해는 상해라 보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추돌사고에 연루된 추돌차량과 피추돌 차량의 중량과 충돌속도가 탑승자의 목 상해에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해, MADYMO를 활용하여 중량과 충돌속도를 다양하게 반영한 총 100가지 시나리오의 추돌사고를 재현하였다. 그리고 결과 값인 피추돌차량의 속도변화량과 충격가속도 값을 상해역치와 비교하였다. 그 결과 동일한 중량 간의 추돌사고에서 충돌속도 15km/h 이상일 때 상해가 발생할 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 중량을 고려하지 않을 경우 충돌속도 15km/h 일 때 36%, 20km/h이상일 때 약 84%의 상해 발생 가능성이 나타났다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2016

Whiplash injuries in low-speed rear-end collisions are the most common injuries and has been a social issue in insurance industry, such as excessive medical claim costs along with exaggerated injuries of victims and treatments from hospitals. According to the Korea Insurance Development Institute reports, the number of claims by rear-end collision was approximately 703,000, which accounts for 53.6 % of the total car-to-car collisions in 2014. Part of the neck injury claims in the Korea car insurance was approximately 28.3 %. Furthermore, approximately 98.4% of the injured persons in rear-end collisions sustained minor injuries under AIS2. In order to improve this situation as well as find out the severity of neck injuries from rear-end collision, the Korea Automobile Insurance Repair Research and Training Center conducted car-to-car rear-end crash tests that striking vehicles(SUV) collided into different sizes of struck-vehicles(small, middle, and large sedan) at the impact speeds of 8 km/h ~ 16 km/h. In order to analyze the whiplash injury, the BioRID-II was seated in each struck-vehicles, and the neck injury criteria(NIC), head contact time, maximum vehicle accelerations, and mean vehicle accelerations were calculated from values from the accelerations of the dummy and the struck-vehicles.