• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

Objectives: In Mongolian housing, they use coal as a fuel for indoor heating and cooking. The combustion of coal releases particulate matter, which can affect indoor air quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of indoor $PM_{2.5}$ in winter time dwellings in ger town. Methods: In this study, indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, temperature and humidity in houses were measured by a real-time PM monitor, while the time activity patterns of the residents were also observed. Results: The correlation between factors that may affect the indoor air quality was analyzed.The indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were $178.4{\pm}152.7{\mu}g/m^3$ (n=37). Five types of indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations have been classified, which were associated with indoor activity. The stove type, fuel types and indoor activities such as cleaning, cooking and opening the stoves were not significantly associated with indoor $PM_{2.5}$ levels. Conclusions: Further study is needed to determine the effect of stove type through 24hours of indoor air quality monitoring.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1010-1013
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• 2009

The youths of the farming village have moved to the metropolis, thus the most of the manpower which engages to a production remained in the village reaches layer old age and all thing sprouts long the whole and it is one. So to remove the waste of barn rather than to give feed to the livestock is hard that what step all automation of this part is necessary. Consequently we have developed the automation system in order to reduce the massive death of the livestock at the time of intense cold and hot. The system will be able to clean the waste of the barn and confront quickly in the change of temperature which is sudden it came. And we proposed also the system that will be able to watch at real-time and monitor the operational environment from a remote using CCD camera. In this paper, we proposed the remote control system which uses PDA in order to control the automation system of a stall while moving. The proposed system was embodied in order for the control and the monitor while the user is mobile using PDA screens. We also added a protection system in that system. The system sends the case warning and SMS while will have the fire and the intrusion from the outside and prevents a robbery.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

Samples of anodic oxide film used in semiconductor and display manufacturing processes were prepared at different electrolyte temperatures to investigate the corrosion resistance. The anodic oxide film was grown on aluminum alloy 6061 by using a sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) electrolyte of 1.5 M at $0^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$. The insulating properties of the samples were evaluated by measuring the breakdown voltage, which gradually increased from 0.43 kV ($0^{\circ}C$) to 0.52 kV ($5^{\circ}C$), 1.02 kV ($10^{\circ}C$), and 1.46 kV ($15^{\circ}C$) as the electrolyte temperature was increased from $0^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$, but then decreased to 1.24 kV ($20^{\circ}C$). To evaluate the erosion of the film by fluorine plasma, the plasma erosion and the contamination particles were measured. The plasma erosion was evaluated by measuring the breakdown voltage after exposing the film to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ and $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasmas. With exposure to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the breakdown voltage of the film slightly decreased at $0^{\circ}C$, by 0.41 kV; however, the breakdown voltage significantly decreased at $20^{\circ}C$, by 0.83 kV. With exposure to $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the breakdown voltage of the film slightly decreased at $0^{\circ}C$, by 0.38 kV; however, the breakdown voltage significantly decreased at $20^{\circ}C$, by 0. 77 kV. In addition, for the entire temperature range, the breakdown voltage decreased more when sample was exposed to $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma than to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ plasma. The decrease of the breakdown voltage was lower in the anodic oxide film samples that were grown slowly at lower temperatures. The rate of breakdown voltage decrease after exposure to fluorine plasma was highest at $20^{\circ}C$, indicating that the anodic oxide film was most vulnerable to erosion by fluorine plasma at that temperature. Contamination particles generated by exposure to the $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ and $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasmas were measured on a real-time basis. The number of contamination particles generated after the exposure to the respective plasmas was lower at $5^{\circ}C$ and higher at $0^{\circ}C$. In particular, for the entire temperature range, about five times more contamination particles were generated with exposure to $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma than for exposure to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ plasma. Observation of the surface of the anodic oxide film showed that the pore size and density of the non-treated film sample increased with the increase of the temperature. The change of the surface after exposure to fluorine plasma was greatest at $0^{\circ}C$. The generation of contamination particles by fluorine plasma exposure for the anodic oxide film prepared in the present study was different from that of previous aluminum anodic oxide films.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.639-647
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• 2018

A new heat shock protein 70 was identified in red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) based on an expression analysis. The cDNA of red-spotted grouper Hsp70 (designated RgHsp70) was cloned by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The full-length of RgHsp70 cDNA was 2,152 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 105 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 274 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,773 bp that encode a polypeptide of 590 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 64.9 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 5.2. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the RgHsp70 gene shares a high similarity with other Hsp70 fish genes. RgHsp70 contained all three classical Hsp70 family signatures. The results indicated the RgHsp70 is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. RgHsp70 mRNA was predominately expressed in the liver, with reduced expression noted in the head-kidney tissues. The expression analysis of different water temperatures (21, 18, 15 and $12^{\circ}C$) for sampled livers revealed that expression gradually increased at $12^{\circ}C$ compared to $21^{\circ}C$. In this study, the effects of water temperature lowering on the physiological conditions were investigated, and the results revealed that novel RgHsp70 may be an important molecule involved in stress responses.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.794-801
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• 2011

Main machinery in the factory have various digital indicator to display its operating data for the manager. It is useful to control these datum at the remote office for factory automation in order to increase machine productivity. It is easy to use Ethernet infrastructure for remote communication. But most of all machinery in domestic factories still support RS232c or RS485 serial communication way. In this case to control machinery datum on the ethernet base, it is need to change RS232C or RS485 data to ethernet base. In this paper, in order to develop a remote progress management system through the wireless Internet, we show a design method to make easy maintenance by developing the system with both the JAVA language and RxTx Package for RS232c serial communication. For the system implementation, we added the digital indicator connect with a thermo couple to a machine which provide the real time status data of temperature. To connect machines management server program, we set up a convertor to change the RS485 data to the RS232c and also another convertor to change the RS232c data to wireless ethernet.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2014

The harmful materials as volatile organic compounds (VOCS) that is easy for gas to be changed from liquid on ambient temperature, those should be controlled by Korea Chemicals Management Association. The VOCs samples should be collected directly in place so that those could be analyzed. Generally but it couldn't avoid to have the risk of analyst. Moreover, if there is the place limited to entrance, it is impossible to collect directly and measure. Owing to such problem, it tried to be solved by open path FT-IR spectrometer that could be studied on the combustion gases within long path and VOCs samples were tried to measure to large volume by remote and real time. Firstly, it was to investigate optimized measured length between the system and benzene sample of VOCs. As result, The optimized measured length was confirmed with 15 meter length and the qualitative analysis could be measured on seven VOC samples. The calibration curve as quantitative analysis of benzene samples could be worked. On the basis of the result, the system as remote monitor could show to have potentiality.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

This study is to develop a fuel cell system applicable to an in situ NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) diagnosis. The in situ NMR can be used in real time monitoring of various reactions occurring in the fuel cell, such as oxidation of fuel, reduction of oxygen, transport phenomena, and component degradation. The fuel cell for this purpose is, however, to be operated in a specifically designed tubular shape toroid cavity detector (TCD), which constrains the fuel cell to have a tubular shape. This may cause difficulties in effective mass transport of reactants/products and uniform distribution of assembly pressure. Therefore, a new flow field designed in a particular way is necessary to enhance the mass transport in the tubular fuel cell. In this study, a tubular-shaped close-type flow field made of non-magnetic material is developed. With this flow field, oxygen is effectively delivered to the cathode surface and the produced water is readily removed from the membrane-electrode assembly to prevent flooding. The resulting DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) outperforms the open-type flow field and exhibits $36\;mW/cm^2$ even at room temperature.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 2015

A composite structure was fabricated with embedded impact detection capabilities for applications in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). By embedding sensor functionality in the composite, the structure can successfully perform impact localization in real time. Smart resin, composed of $Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-Pb(Zr,\;Ti)O_2$ (PNN-PZT) powder and epoxy resin with 1:30 wt%, was used instead of conventional epoxy resin in order to activate the sensor function in the composite structure. The embedded impact sensor in the composite was fabricated using Hand Lay-up and Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding(VARTM) methods to inject the smart resin into the glass-fiber fabric. The electrodes were fabricated using silver paste on both the upper and bottom sides of the specimen, then poling treatment was conducted to activate the sensor function using a high voltage amplifier at 4 kV/mm for 30 min at room temperature. The composite's piezoelectric sensitivity was measured to be 35.13 mV/N by comparing the impact force signals from an impact hammer with the corresponding output voltage from the sensor. Because impact sensor functionality was successfully embedded in the composite structure, various applications of this technique in the SHM industry are anticipated. In particular, impact localization on large-scale composite structures with complex geometries is feasible using this composite embedded impact sensor.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2022

Smart sewage treatment plant means creating a safe and clean water environment by establishing an ICT-based real-time monitoring, remote control management and intelligent system for the entire sewage treatment process. The core technology of such a smart sewage treatment plant can be operation control technology using measuring instruments. This research team analyzed and suggested the operation control technologies necessary for the establishment of the intelligent business by referring to the intelligent research projects of the sewage treatment plant in progress in Korea. As a result of the analysis, a total of six removal technologies were presented, including control by scale, reflow water control, linked treated water control, chemical quantity control, winter operation control, and total organic carbon control. By size, standards that can be classified into small and medium-sized large-scale are presented, and in the case of reflow water control, the location of water quality and flow sensors capable of managing reflow water is suggested. In the case of the linked treated water control, the influence and control points of the linked treated water on the sewage treatment plant were presented, and in the case of the chemical injection volume control, a system capable of optimizing the amount of chemical injection according to the introduction of an intelligent sewage treatment plant was presented. In the case of winter operation, the sensors and pumps to be controlled are suggested when considering the decrease in nitrification due to the decrease in water temperature. In the case of total organic carbon control, an interlocking system considering the total amount of pollution in the future was proposed. These operation control scenarios are expected to be used as basic data to be used in intelligent sewage treatment algorithms and scenarios in the future.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2023

V. parahaemolyticus causes waterborne and foodborne disease such as acute diarrhea. In this study, V. parahaemolyticus isolates from seawater, fish tanks, and distributed fishery products in Jeju were investigated for potential toxin or species-specific genes (tdh, trh, tlh, and toxR) using RT-PCR and their genetic characteristics were analyzed using Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Overall, V. parahaemolyticus of 90 strains (36.7%), including 33 strains from seawater, 8 strains from fish tanks, and 50 strains from fishery products, were isolated from 245 samples. All V. parahaemolyticus strains did not detect the tdh gene, whereas all strains detected tlh or toxR genes. In addition, trh genes were detected in 3 strains from seawater and 1 strain from fishery products. Monthly quantitative testing of seawater revealed that V. parahaemolyticus was positively correlated with water temperature. The 90 strains of V. parahemolyticus obtained in this study showed by gene homology between types, ranging from 64.0-97.3%. Among these, thirteen types showed 100% homology between genes. These results indicate that continuous monitoring is needed to facilitate food poisoning epidemiological investigations because some isolated V. parahaemolyticus strains harbored toxin genes and V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seawater, fish tanks, and distributed fishery products showed genetic similarity.