• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.131-137
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• 2012

Objectives : Cyclooxygenase (COX) plays a central role in the inflammatory cascade by converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandin. COX-2 is typically induced by inflammatory stimuli in the majority of tissues, it is responsible for propagating the inflammatory response and thus, considered as the best target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study investigated the modulatory effect of ginsenoside Rg3, a principle active ingredient in Panax ginseng, on COX-2 expression in the brain tissue induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Because systemic LPS treatment induces COX-2 expression immediately in the brain, ginsenoside Rg3 was treated orally with doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg at 1 hour before the LPS (3 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. At 4 hours after the LPS injection, COX-2 mRNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction method, COX-2 protein levels were measured by Western blotting. In addition, COX-2 expressions in brain tissue were observed with immunohistochemistry and double immunofluoresence labeling. Results : Ginsenoside Rg3 (20 and 30 mg/kg) significantly attenuates up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue at 4 hours after the LPS injection. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg3 (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of COX-2 positive neurons in the cerebral cortex and amygdala. Conclusion : These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg3 plays a modulatory role in neuroinflammation through the inhibition of COX-2 expression in the brain and suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 and ginseng may be effective on neurodegenerative diseases caused by neuroinflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-57
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• 2022

The global demand for carbon neutrality in response to climate change is in a situation where it is necessary to prepare countermeasures for carbon trade barriers for some countries, including Korea, which is classified as an export-led economic structure and greenhouse gas exporter. Therefore, digital transformation, which is one of the predictable ways for the carbon-neutral transition model to be applied, should be introduced early. By applying digital technology to industrial gas manufacturing facilities used in one of the major industries, high-tech manufacturing industry, and hydrogen gas facilities, which are emerging as eco-friendly energy, abnormal detection, and diagnosis services are provided with cloud-based predictive diagnosis monitoring technology including operating knowledge. Here are the trends. Small and medium-sized companies that are in the blind spot of carbon-neutral implementation by confirming the direction of abnormal diagnosis predictive monitoring through optimization, augmented reality technology, IoT and AI knowledge inference, etc., rather than simply monitoring real-time facility status It can be seen that it is possible to disseminate technologies such as consensus knowledge in the engineering domain and predictive diagnostic monitoring that match the economic feasibility and efficiency of the technology. It is hoped that it will be used as a way to seek countermeasures against carbon emission trade barriers based on the highest level of ICT technology.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 2021

The development process of cyber literature theory in the 1990s clearly shows the duality of the pursuit of symbolic power and desire through the formation and conflict of literary fields, collective intelligence. All desires are bound to be power-oriented, and cyber literature is meaningful in that network-space critics developed while advocating the humanities of coexistence. The failure of cyber literature theory is due to the conflicting desire of critical power between real and virtual spaces. Cyber literature theory in the 1990s was the first literary response to the birth of artificial nature, although the contradiction of desires revealed in symbolic power and the limitations of barking are clear. Literature discourse has always explored the relationship between the social conditions of the time (including technological progress) and art texts. Producing a new critical discourse encompassing the whole within the literary field of artificial nature is an important task in literature in the era of technology compilation, and humanities and technology must coexist. Through this paper, we examined the impact of the birth of artificial nature on humanities. This study is an important achievement of humanities engineering that understands, interprets, and leads technology.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.549-564
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between harmful free radicals and antioxidants. Long-term oxidative stress can lead to an "exhausted" status of antioxidant defense system triggering development of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation. Green perilla (Perilla frutescens) is commonly used in Asian cuisines and traditional medicine in southeast Asia. Green perilla possesses numerous beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. To investigate the potentials of green perilla leaf extract (PE) on oxidative stress, we induced oxidative stress by high-fat diet (HFD) in aging mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice were fed HFD continuously for 53 weeks. Then, mice were divided into three groups for 12 weeks: a normal diet fed reference group (NDcon), high-fat diet fed group (HDcon), and high-fat diet PE treated group (HDPE, 400 mg/kg of body weight). Biochemical analyses of serum and liver tissues were performed to assess metabolic and inflammatory damage and oxidative status. Hepatic gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related enzymes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: PE improved hepatopathology. PE also improved the lipid profiles and antioxidant enzymes, including hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and liver. Hepatic gene expressions of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related enzymes, such as SOD-1, CAT, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) were significantly enhanced by PE. PE also reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver; moreover, PE suppressed hepatic gene expression involved in pro-inflammatory response; Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). CONCLUSIONS: This research opens opportunities for further investigations of PE as a functional food and possible anti-aging agent due to its attenuative effects against oxidative stress, resulting from HFD and aging in the future.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.593-600
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• 2019

We identified how plants affected by the human behavior of crushing plants respond and what kind of plants responded sensitively. We investigated Lactuca sativa "Gaesebadak", Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as plants that humans use for edible purposes, and Achyranthes japonica and Bidens bipinnata as wild plants that stick to people's clothes and disperse seed. Plants exposed to human breathing air were compared with those exposed to human breathing air after being crushed. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical word, was measured using Syft/MS, which detects real-time VOC, and related genes were analyzed. The amount of MeJA of Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as edible plants was greater than that of non-edible plants that disperse seeds using humans. The amount of MeJA ranged from 0.20 ppb to 0.35 ppb when the control group were not exposed to human breathing air. On the other hand, MeJA decreased after increasing for the first hour in human breathing air. Also, MeJA affected by human breathing after crushing plants was higher than that affected by just human breathing air. Peucedanum japonicum showed the most distinctive difference between the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants and the treatment with just human breathing. In addition, the gene activity of JAR1 and JMT increased 3 hours after the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants. Therefore, in the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants, the concentration of MeJA and the activity of related genes showed the same tendency to increase. As a result, the plant that responded sensitively to human behavior was Peucedanum japonicum. Plants released MeJA as a chemical word in the treatment with human breathing air after crushing plants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.570-583
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• 2023

Objective: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play critical roles in embryo development, and immune responses to infectious diseases. In this study, to investigate the roles of FGFs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of FGF family members in chickens. Methods: Chicken FGFs genes were identified and analyzed by using bioinformatics approach. Expression profiles and Hierarchical cluster analysis of the FGFs genes in different chicken tissues were obtained from the genome-wide RNA-seq. Results: A total of 20 FGF genes were identified in the chicken genome, which were classified into seven distinct groups (A-F) in the phylogenetic tree. Gene structure analysis revealed that members of the same clade had the same or similar exon-intron structure. Chromosome mapping suggested that FGF genes were widely dispersed across the chicken genome and were located on chromosomes 1, 4-6, 9-10, 13, 15, 28, and Z. In addition, the interactions among FGF proteins and between FGFs and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins are limited, indicating that the remaining functions of FGF proteins should be further investigated in chickens. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis showed that FGF gene interacts with MAPK genes and are involved in stimulating signaling pathway and regulating immune responses. Furthermore, this study identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in 21 different growth stages during early chicken embryo development. RNA-sequencing data identified the DEG of FGFs on 1- and 3-days post infection in two indigenous Ri chicken lines infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAIV). Finally, all the genes examined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA-Seq analyses showed similar responses to HPAIV infection in indigenous Ri chicken lines (R² = 0.92-0.95, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of FGFs in chickens, including the regulation of MAPK signaling pathways and the immune response of chickens to HPAIV infections.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2021

Service-related research in accordance with the transition to the service economy era has been conducted in a wide variety of ways, but the development of a service-related scale suitable for the present time is still insignificant. The purpose of this study is to define the nature of services and to develop measurement items for them. First, four categories of service nature were adopted in the previous study. The four categories are 'relationship', 'interactivity', 'horizontality', and 'harmony'. In this study, sub-factors and specific items of each of these four service essences were extracted and developed as measurable items. As a qualitative study, the four categories of sub-factors were extracted, and a mixed study was adopted to prove the reliability and validity of the extracted factors through quantitative studies. The scale items were identified through literature study, free response method, and Delphi technique, and the measurement items were refined through a second questionnaire of 30 Delphi panels composed of experts. As a result of the study, 15 out of 52 questions for relationship, 11 out of 45 questions for bilateral direction, 9 out of 33 questions for horizontality, and 17 out of 61 questions for harmonization were derived after secondary refining. Through this study, it was possible to uncover new essential items suitable for the service economy era. SNS, network, synergy, platform, system, real name, and breakthrough are concepts that have not been obtained in previous studies, and can be seen as contributions of this study. However, due to various limitations, this study did not cover all aspects of the service, but mainly dealt with people-centered services, which are part of the service. In the future, it is necessary to study the development of service essence measurement items for the overall aspect of services developed according to the evolution of the service economy era.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.479-486
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• 2010

Reliable hydrologic data acquisition is the basic and essential requirement for efficient water management. Especially the acquisition of various stream data in a certain location is very important to construct on alarm system to response an urban flood which occurs frequently due to the effect of climate change. Although the frequency of stream inundation flood occurrence becomes low owing to the consistent stream improvement, the urban flood due to the drainage system problems such as deterioration and bad management occurs continuously. The consistent management and current status understanding of the urban drainage system is essential to reduce the urban flood. The purpose of this study is to develop the urban runoff network flow velocity monitoring system which has the capability of collecting stream data whenever, wherever and to whomever without expert knowledge using Code Division Multiple Access technique and Bluetooth near-distance wireless communication technique. The urban runoff network flow velocity monitoring system consists of three stages. In the first stage, the stream information obtained by using ubiquitous floater is transferred to the server computer. In the second stage, the current state of the urban drainage system is assessed through the server computer. In the last stage, the information is provided to the user through a GUI. As a result of applying, the developed urban runoff network flow velocity monitoring system to Woncheon-Stream in Suwon, the information necessary for urban drainage management can be managed in real time.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2023

In recent years, ransomware attacks have become more organized and specialized, with the sophistication of attacks targeting specific individuals or organizations using tactics such as social engineering, spear phishing, and even machine learning, some operating as business models. In order to effectively respond to this, various researches and solutions are being developed and operated to detect and prevent attacks before they cause serious damage. In particular, honeypots can be used to minimize the risk of attack on IT systems and networks, as well as act as an early warning and advanced security monitoring tool, but in cases where ransomware does not have priority access to the decoy file, or bypasses it completely. has a disadvantage that effective ransomware response is limited. In this paper, this honeypot is optimized for the user environment to create a reliable real-time dynamic honeypot file, minimizing the possibility of an attacker bypassing the honeypot, and increasing the detection rate by preventing the attacker from recognizing that it is a honeypot file. To this end, four models, including a basic data collection model for dynamic honeypot generation, were designed (basic data collection model / user-defined model / sample statistical model / experience accumulation model), and their validity was verified.

• Journal of the Korean neurological association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2017

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a noninvasive optical method, utilizes the characteristic absorption spectra of hemoglobin in the near-infrared range to provide information on cerebral hemodynamic changes in various clinical situations. NIRS monitoring have been used mainly to detect reduced perfusion of the brain during orthostatic stress for three common forms of orthostatic intolerance (OI); orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Autonomic function testing is an important diagnostic test to assess their autonomic nervous systems for patients with symptom of OI. However, these techniques cannot measure dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow. There are many experimentations about study of NIRS to reveal the pathophysiology of patients with OI. Research using NIRS in other neurologic diseases (stroke, epilepsy and migraine) are ongoing. NIRS have been experimentally used in all stages of stroke and may complement the established diagnostic and monitoring tools. NIRS also provide pathophysiological approach during rehabilitation and secondary prevention of stroke. The hemodynamic response to seizure has long been a topic for discussion in association with the neuronal damage resulting from convulsion. One critical issue when unpredictable events are to be detected is how continuous NIRS data are analyzed. Besides, NIRS studies targeting pathophysiological aspects of migraine may contribute to a deeper understanding of mechanisms relating to aura of migraine. NIRS monitoring may play an important role to trend regional hemodynamic distribution of flow in real time and also highlights the pathophysiology and management of not only patients with OI symptoms but also those with various neurologic diseases.