• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.19-19
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• 2002

In this paper the authors explore the effect of bandwidth sharing to the utility of the customer for the best-effort Internet services and draw a basis for the pricing principle in Internet Protocol networks. Especially, we investigate the behavior of a customer′s utility in case an arbitrary amount of additional bandwidth is allowed to each customer for the elastic traffic, which is the typical example of the non-real time Internet data traffic. After drawing the utility curve, which will be proved to follow the concave curve, we will apply it to the pricing of Internet traffic. Finally, via numerical experiments, we will illustrate the validity and implication of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.277-284
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• 2002

In this paper the authors explore the effect of bandwidth sharing to the utility of the customer for the best-effort Internet services and draw a basis for the pricing principle in Internet Protocol networks. Especially, we investigate the behavior of a customer's utility in case an arbitrary amount of additional bandwidth is allowed to each customer for the elastic traffic, which is the typical example of the non-real time Internet data traffic. After drawing the utility curve, which will be proved to follow the concave curve, we will apply it to the pricing of Internet traffic. Finally, via numerical experiments, we will illustrate the validity and implication of the proposed method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.3B
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• pp.288-303
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• 2009

In the near future it is foreseen that a genuine multimedia service over the WiMAX system is provided in a worldwide manner by exploiting the QoS technologies introduced in the wireless and wired broadband network. In this work we propose a pricing scheme for the multimedia service over the generic WiMAX system that supports a full QoS functionality. We assume real-time services such as the voice and video as well as the nonreal-time service such as the conventional high-speed data, and we propose a pricing and charging scheme for those services by investigating the inherent characteristics of those services and the multiple-class of QoS-service provided to them. After that we propose a method to compute expected revenue that is obtained from the WiMAX system by using an analytic method to estimate the usage of the bandwidth resources for the different class of services. Via numerical experiment, we verify the implication of the work.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2012

Recently, global warming, energy shortage, and environmental disruption have been serious problems in every nation. It became more and more important to reduce the emission of CO2 and to use of energy efficiently. Smart grid was also introduced using the rapidly developing information technology. It deployed the mutual communication concept between customers and the suppliers in the electricity supply. There were increasing demands to adopt the smart meter and to present incentive for efficient energy usage in many developed countries. The objective of this research was to develop the optimal real time pricing model which maximized the profit of the power retailer and reduced the usage of energy. The simulation study was given to show the usefulness of the model. Simulation considered the customer demand response rate and price elasticity rate. The price elasticity rate was compared in the condition of fixed value according to time and variable value according to the customers. The optimal price model could maximize the profit of the power retailer and reduce the energy usage of the consumers.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.76.1-76.1
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• 2011

With the growing penetration of distributed generation including from renewable sources, smart grid power system is needed to address the reliability problem. One important feature of smart grid is demand response. In order to design a demand response program, it is indispensable to understand how consumer reacts upon the change of electricity price. In this paper, we construct an econometrics model to estimate the hourly price elasticity of demand. This panel model utilizes the hourly load data obtained from KEPCO for the period from year 2005 to 2009. The hourly price elasticity of demand is found to be statistically significant for all the sample under investigation. The samples used for this analysis is from the past historical data under the price structure of three different time zones for each season. The result of the analysis of this time of use pricing structure would allow the policy maker design an appropriate incentive program. This study is important in the sense that it provides a basic research information for designing future demand response programs.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.436-445
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• 2013

The use of a demand response controller is necessary for electric devices to effectively respond to time varying price signals and to achieve the benefits of cost reduction. This paper describes a new formulation with the form of constrained optimization for designing an optimal demand response controller. It is demonstrated that constrained optimization is a better approach for the demand response controller, in terms of the ambiguity of device operation and the practicality of implementation of the optimal control law. This paper also proposes a design scheme to construct a demand response controller that is useful when a system controller is already adapted or optimized for the system. The design separates the demand response function from the original system control function while leaving the system control law unchanged. The proposed formulation is simulated and compared to the system with simple dynamics. The effects of the constraints, the system characteristics and the electricity price are examined further.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.604-605
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• 2008

전력사업은 전력서비스를 제공하는 사업으로서, 사업의 목표가 전력화사의 이익만을 극대화하는 방향으로만 설정되어는 안된다. 전력사업 운영의 일반적인 두 가지 목표는 전력공급의 안정성 확보와 경제적인 전력공급이라 할 수 있다. 그러므로 국가경제의 중추를 맡고 있는 전력산업은 새로운 환경과 불확실한 미래에 대처할 수 있는 환경의 요구 등이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 요구를 충족시키기 위한 노력이 진행되고 있으며 그 가운데 하나의 방향은 전기사업자의 공급가격과 소비자의 수요에 대한 정보를 이용하여 공통의 이익을 보다 더 향상시킬 수 있고 더 폭넓은 선택을 가능하게 함으로써 전기 사업자와 수요자 모두에게 더 많은 이익을 줄 수 있는 새로운 요금제를 확산시키는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 오늘날의 이러한 요구에 부응하여 새로운 형태의 요율제도로써 제시되고 있는 실시간요금제(Real-Time Pricing)와 그에 따른 수익보정(Revenue Reconciliation)방법을 통한 수요반응을 분석하여 부하율 향상에 관한 결과에 대하여 알아본다.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-123
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• 2005

Although the generation market is competitive, the power market is easily exercised the market power by one generator due to its special futures such as a limited supplier, large investment cost, transmission constraints and loss. Specially, as Korea Electric industry restructuring is similar US competitive wholesale electricity market structure which discovered the several evidences of market power abuse, when restructuring is completed the possibility that market power will be exercised is big. Market power interferes with market competitions and efficiency of system. The goal of this study is to investigate the market price effects of the potential market power and the proposed market power mitigation strategy in Korean market using the forecasting wholesale electricity market model. This modeling is developed based on the system dynamics approach. it can analyze the dynamic behaviors of wholesale prices in Korean market. And then it is expanded to include the effect of market condition changed by 'strategic behavior' and 'real time pricing.' This model can generate the overall insights regarding the dynamic impact of output withholding by old gas fire power plant bon as a marginal plant in Korean market at the macro level. Also it will give the energy planner the opportunity to create different scenarios for the future for deregulated wholesales market in Korea.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.225-249
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• 2015

There are growing interests in the introduction of consumer's selective electricity tariff systems in order to enhance demand response in electricity market in Korea. Real time pricing (RTP) and Time of Use (TOU) are typical examples of demand response system through which electricity price is linked to real time demand. This paper adopts an agent-based model to analyze the effects of such demand system on the counsumers' electricity costs. The result shows that real time pricing system is effective to reduce electricity costs of consumers by providing more flexible tariff system, depending on each consumer's demand pattern. This finding could be used as a basis for supporting smart grid system in the presence of responsive demand environment.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2014

Application of residential demand response (DR) programs are currently realized up to a limited extent due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-differentiated prices. As a solution, this paper proposes an automatic home load management (HLM) framework to achieve the household minimum payment as well as meet the operational constraints to provide customer's comfort. The projected HLM method controls on/off statuses of responsive appliances and the charging/discharging periods of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery storage at home. This paper also studies the impacts of different time-varying tariffs, i.e., time of use (TOU), real time pricing (RTP), and inclining block rate (IBR), on the home load management (HLM). The study is effectuated in a smart home with electrical appliances, a PHEV, and a storage system. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HLM program. Peak of household load demand along with the customer payment costs are reported as the consequence of applying different pricings models in HLM.