• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2780-2782
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• 2002

In this paper Valentine Braitenberg structure based sensory motor model for object tracking control system was proposed. Conventional model based control schemes are require highly non-linear mathematical models, which require long computational time to solve complex high order equations. Contrast to conventional models proposed system simply link signal data from camera directly to the inputs of neural network, and outputs of network are directly fed into input of motor driver of camera. With simple structure of sensory motor model, real time tracking control system for dynamic object was realized successfully, and the implementation of sensory motor model can overcome the limitation of model-based control schemes.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Tracking of an object in 3D space performed in real-time is a significant task in different domains from autonomous robots to smart vehicles. In traditional methods, specific data acquisition equipments such as radars, lasers etc, are used. Contemporary computer technology development accelerates image processing, and it results in three-dimensional stereo vision to be used for localizing and object tracking in space. This paper describes a system for tracking three dimensional motion of an object using color information in real time. We create stereo images using pair of a simple web camera, raw data of an object positions are collected under realistic noisy conditions. The system has been tested using OpenCV and Matlab and the results of the experiments are presented here.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.614-623
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 방송용 증강현실 시스템을 위한 실시간 카메라 추적 알고리듬을 제안한다. SURF(speeded up robust features) 알고리듬을 이용하여 추적을 초기화하며, 안정적인 실시간 카메라 추적을 위해 다층(multi-scale) 구조를 사용한다. 미리 알려져 있지 않고 시간에 따라 변하는 조명 환경에서의 특징 추적을 위해 정규상호상관도(normalized cross correlation, NCC)를 사용한다. 방송제작에는 줌 렌즈를 장착한 카메라가 사용되기 때문에 카메라의 초점거리를 온라인으로 추정할 필요가 있다. 카메라의 회전과 이동으로 이루어진 외부 포즈(pose) 변수와 함께 내부 변수인 초점거리를 목적함수에 포함시켜 함께 최적화한다. 실험결과는 제안한 온라인 카메라 보정 기법에 의해 카메라의 초점거리가 정확히 구해지는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2003

동영상에서 객체 추적은 몇 년간 컴퓨터 비전 및 여러 실용적 응용 분야에서 관심을 가지는 주제 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 보안 및 감시 시스템 분야에 적용할 수 있는 실시간 객체 추적과 얼굴영역 추출 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 카메라가 고정되어 있고 배경영상의 변화가 거의 없는 환경으로 제한하고, 입력영상과 배경영상의 차를 이용하여 객체의 위치를 탐지하고 움직임을 추적한다. 보다 안정적인 객체 추출을 위해 적응적 배경영상을 생성하고, 객체 위치 탐지 시 그물식 탐색방법을 이용하여 객체의 내부점을 추출한다. 추출된 점들을 이용하여 MBR(Minimum Bounding Rectangle)을 설정하여 객체의 실시간 추적을 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 설정된 MBR 내에서 얼굴영역을 추출함으로써 보안 및 감시 시스템의 효용성을 향상시켰다. 그리고 실험을 통하여 제한된 환경 하에서 실시간으로 빠른 객체의 추적을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권12호
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• pp.2355-2373
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• 2011

Vision-based vehicle detector systems are becoming increasingly important in ITS applications. Real-time operation, robustness, precision, accurate estimation of traffic parameters, and ease of setup are important features to be considered in developing such systems. Further, accurate vehicle detection is difficult in varied complex traffic environments. These environments include changes in weather as well as challenging traffic conditions, such as shadow effects and jams. To meet real-time requirements, the proposed system first applies a color background to extract moving objects, which are then tracked by considering their relative distances and directions. To achieve robustness and precision, the color background is regularly updated by the proposed algorithm to overcome luminance variations. This paper also proposes a scheme of feedback compensation to resolve background convergence errors, which occur when vehicles temporarily park on the roadside while the background image is being converged. Next, vehicle occlusion is resolved using the proposed prior split approach and through reasoning for rule-based tracking. This approach can automatically detect straight lanes. Following this step, trajectories are applied to derive traffic parameters; finally, to facilitate easy setup, we propose a means to automate the setting of the system parameters. Experimental results show that the system can operate well under various complex traffic conditions in real time.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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• pp.628-631
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• 2003

In this paper, we present real-time, accurate face region detection and tracking technique for an intelligent surveillance system. It is very important to obtain the high-resolution images, which enables accurate identification of an object-of-interest. Conventional surveillance or security systems, however, usually provide poor image quality because they use one or more fixed cameras and keep recording scenes without any cine. We implemented a real-time surveillance system that tracks a moving person using four pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. While tracking, the region-of-interest (ROI) can be obtained by using a low-pass filter and background subtraction. Color information in the ROI is updated to extract features for optimal tracking and zooming. The experiment with real human faces showed highly acceptable results in the sense of both accuracy and computational efficiency.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 실시간으로 눈과 눈썹주위의 특징을 추적하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 적외선 LED와 적외선카메라로 밝은 동공 효과를 만들어 동공을 추적 한 후, 템플릿은 얼굴 특징을 매개변수화 하기 위해, 동공 좌표는 각각의 프레임에서 눈과 눈썹 영상을 추출하기 위하여 사용한다. 또한, 템플릿 변수는 표본 영상을 가지고 학습하는 과정에서 구성한 PCA기저를 이용하여 추출된 영상을 PCA 분석하여 구한다. 제안된 시스템은 초당 30 프레임의 영상에서 초기 설정 및 교정 작업 없이 머리 움직임이 많거나 폐색이 있는 경우에도 견실하게 동작하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

Because of the size and environment in the shipbuilding process, the portable type robot is required for the automatic seam tracking. For this reason, the structure of laser sensor should be considered in the initial design step and the coordinate transformation between welding robot and laser sensor, which is joint finder, must be identified exactly and the real time tracking algorithm based on these consideration could be developed. In this research, laser displacement sensor in which its structure is laser beam's vertical projection, is developed to recognize the location of weld joint. In practical applications, however, images of weld joints are often degraded because of the surface specularity or spatter. To overcome the problem, the constrained joint finding algorithm is proposed. In the approach of coordinate conversion rule for the visual feedback control among welding torch, robot body and laser sensor is applied by the same reference point method. In the real time seam tracking algorithms we propose constrained sampling method which uses look ahead distance. The RLS(Recursive Least Square) filter is applied to obtain the smooth tracking path from the sensitive edge data. From the experimental results, we could see the possibility that the developed laser sensor with proposed processing algorithm and real time seam tracking method can be used as a welding under the shipbuilding condition.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.716-719
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• 1999

In this paper, a real-time control system for robot manipulator is implemented using real-time operating system with capabilities of multitasking, intertask communication and synchronization, event-driven, priority-driven scheduling, real-time clock control, etc. The hardware system with VME bus and related devices is developed and applied to implement a dynamic learning control scheme for robot manipulator. Real-time performance of the proposed dynamic learning controller is tested for tasks of tracking moving objects and compared with the conventional servo controller.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.642-645
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• 1991

This paper presents the results of research on hardware and software of the landmark tracking system to the positions of moving robot in real time. The landmark tracking system is composed of CCD camera, landmark, strobo system and image processing board. The algorithm calculates the position and direction by using the coordinate transformation fomula after calculating the centroid and rotation angle of landmark at fixed position using the image data. The experiment is performed with landmark tracking system is loaded on xyz-table. XYZ-table is used for identifying the true position in our experiment. The results shows that this system has high performance with maxima error of .+-.1 pixels.