• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-133
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• 2002

Background : It is very common in Korea to take care of non-acute patients in an acute setting, due to the lack of long-term facilities. Long term hospitalization increase medical expenses and decreases the bed utilization, which can affect the urgent and emergent admissions, and eventually jeopardize the hospital financially. In this study, strategies for effective transfers to the lower levels of care, and to decrease the length of stay were presented by surveying and analyzing the patient's knowledge of the transfer needs, and the willingness to transfer those whose hospital length of stay was more than 30days. Method : The survey is subject to a group of 251 patients who have been hospitalized over 30 days in a general hospital in Seoul. Excluding those that were in the Intensive Care Unit and psychiatric ward, 214 in-patients were used as participants. They were surveyed from April 9, 2002 to April 17, 2002. One hundred and thirty seven out of 214 were responded which made the response rate 64%. Data were analyzed by SAS and SPSS. Result : Multi-variable Logistic Regression Analysis showed a significant effect in medical expenses, knowledge of referral system and the information of the receiving hospital. The financial burden in medical expenses made the patient 10.7 times more willing to be transferred, knowledge of the referral system made them 5 times more willing to be transferred, and the information of receiving hospital makes 6.5 times more willing to be transferred. Reasons for willing to be transferred to a lower level of care were the phase of physical therapy, the distance from home, the attending physician's advice and being unable to be treated as an out patient. Reasons for refusing to be transferred were the following. The attending physician's competency, not being ready to be discharged, not trusting the receiving hospital's competency due to the lack of information, or never hearing about the referring system by the attending physician. Conclusion : Based on this, strategies for the effective transfer to the lower levels of care were suggested. It is desirable for the attending physician to be actively involved by making an effort to explain the transfer need, and referring to the Healthcare Coordinating Center, which can help the patient make the right decision. Nationwide networking for the referral system is the another key factor that may need to be suggested as an alternative to decrease the medical expenses. Collaborating with the Home Health Agency for the early discharge planning and the Social Service Department for financial aid are also needed. It is recommended that the hospital should expedite the transfer process by prioritizing the cost and the information as medical expenses, knowledge of referring system and the information of the receiving hospital, are the most important factors to the willingness to transfer to a lower level of care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.528-533
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• 2008

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogene of major concern in livestock products. This study was conducted to test imported and domestic meat sold by retail stores for the presence S. aureus. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibility of any S. aureus found was also evaluated. The overall isolation rate of S. aureus was 20.2% (13.9% in pork and 33.8% in beef) in retail meats. The percentage of imported meats found to contain S. aureus (33.3% in pork and 40.4% in beef) was higher than that of domestic meat (13.0% in pork and 14.7% in beef). In addition, the detection rate of S. aureus was higher in raw material meat than in ready to cook packaged meat. When the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus isolated from the meat products was evaluated, ampicillin was found to be the highest (76.5%), followed by penicillin (75.3%), tetracycline (27.1%) and erythromycin (21.2%). Penicillin and tetracycline resistant were detected in 55.6% and 13.3% of the beef isolates, respectively, and 97.5% and 42.5% of the pork isolates, respectively. The tetracycline and erythromycin resistant plasmids of the isolated strain were transferred into S. aureus DPRMM2429 by the filter mating method and the frequencies of transfer was found to be $1.1{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.9{\times}10^{-9}$ and $1.2{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}4.0{\times}10^{-8}$ respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.899-912
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• 2000

PVM provides users with a single image of high performance parallel computing machine by collecting machines distributed over a network. Low communication overhead is essential to effectively run applications on PVM based platforms. In the original PVM, three times of memory copies are required for a PVM task to send a message to a remote task, which results in performance degradation. We propose a zero-copy model using global shared memory that can be accessed by PVM tasks, PVM daemon, and network interface card(NIC). In the scheme, a task packs data into global shared memory, and notify daemon that the data is ready to be sent, then daemon routes the data to a remote task to which it is sent with no virtual data copy overhead. Experimental result reveals that the message round trip time between two machines is reduced significantly in the proposed zero-copy scheme.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.332-345
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• 2002

It is a recent observation that about 80 per cent of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. This explains to a large extent why eating right is important for the modulation the immune response and prevention of disease. In addition it is increasingly recognized that the body has an important digestive system also in the lower gastrointestinal tract where numerous important substances are released by microbial enzymes and absorbed. Among these substances are short chain fatty acids, amino acids, various carbohydrates, poly-amines, growth factors, coagulation factors, and many thousands of antioxidants, not only traditional vitamins but numerous flavonoids, carotenoids and similar plant- and vegetable produced antioxidants. Also consumption of health-promoting bacteria (probiotics) and vegetable fibres (prebiotics) from numerous sources are known to have strong health-promoting influence. It has been calculated that the intestine harbours about 300,000 genes, which is much more than the calculated about 60,000 for the rest of the human body, indicating a till today totally unexpected metabolic activity in this part of the GI tract. There are seemingly several times more active enzymes in the intestine than in the rest of the body, ready to release hundred thousand or more of substances important for our health and well-being. In addition do the microbial cells produce signal molecules similar to cytokines but called bacteriokines and nitric oxide, with provide modulatory effects both on the mucosal cells, the mucosa- associated lymphoid system (MALT) and the rest of the immune system. Identification of various fermentation products, and often referred to as synbiotics, studies of their role in maintaining health and well-being should be a priority issue during the years to come.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Recently, young men have become more muscular, as they have become increasingly more interested in health and their physical appearances. The trend these days is to wear slim suits to accentuate their figures. Men's pants are the one of the most general clothes which men wears. While pants are an ordinary item of clothing, most muscular men have fitting problems with ready-made pants. In view of this, this study aimed at developing a prototype pants pattern for muscular men. In this study, five muscular men were selected for wearing tests. The regression formulas, in which muscular men's body measurements were adopted, were applied to unsuitable body parts, especially the body parts determined inappropriate based on the results of the existing pants pattern wearing tests. After going through the first and second pants pattern wearing tests, the final pants patterns were developed that were suitable for muscular men. The results of the study were as follows: In order to solve the problem of the insufficient of ease due to the development of the hip muscles, the crotch length was made longer, (0.08${\times}$hip circumference+17.648)+1.5cm and front crotch width and back crotch width were made wider, 1.0cm each than those of the existing pants prototype patterns. The ease of 0.5cm was added to the hip circumference/4+2.5cm because of the development of the hip and thigh muscles.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.804-812
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• 2017

This study builds a database that can be reflected in the production of dress form for fitting by typifying the upper body shape of a senior male. This study analyzed the 3D shape data of 405 persons of the 5th Size Korea. The age range is from 50s 210 persons and 60s 205 persons. Analysis items to identify upper body shape of senior males consisted of 51 items. 3D shape data were also measured using a Geomagic Design ${\times}$ program for the analysis of the upper body of the senior male required for the dress form of this study. The reference point was based on the Size Korea 2010 3D measurement standard and created points (Back-protrusion) on shape data. As a result of the senior men type, the senior men's body type was classified into four types:1. Overall, the upper body is a large body type and the most undistorted overall body type 2. Width / Thickness Flatness is the largest and vertical length factor is the smallest abdominal obesity type 3. Severe flexion of the back part type 4. The upper body is small and the scapular bending is severe. The elderly body type showed a high distribution ratio in the type with severe flexion. The development of a dress form that reflects the cause of the finery issue can improve the fit of ready-to-wear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.7 s.107
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• pp.142-151
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• 2006

Bikini, a brief two-piece bathing suit revealing the wearer's navel, was first introduced in Paris, in 1946. However, it was not until the late 1950s that Americans were ready to adopt bikinis. Therefore, I focused on the following research questions to understand the popularization process of bikinis in the United States, from 1946 to the 1960s: 1. Why were Americans initially hesitant to adopt the bikini? 2. What were the factors that influenced the popularization of the bikini among Americans in the late 1950s? Primary sources including Bazaar. Madmoiselle, Vogue, The New York Times, and Life were reviewed. I referred to secondary sources on the history of fashion and American popular culture to interpret primary sources. According to the primary sources, Americans were hesitant to adopt the bikini, partly due to the excessive demand on the wearer's figure. However, the conservative social atmosphere during Cold War would not accept immorality and obscenity which would threaten America's future. Therefore, the campaigns against the sex industry, which developed prominently after WWII, predominated American society during the 1950s. Under this atmosphere, a small number of pictures and articles on bikinis appeared in the primary sources. Bikinis were only found in advertisements including sun lotions and hair removers. However, American society had to accept the change in sexual mores by the end of the 1930s. Body-revealing fashions including miniskirts, hot pants, and see-through material reflected the change in social convention. By the end of the 1950s, the number of pictures and articles on bikinis also began to increase in the primary sources. More Americans adopted bikinis with the increasing number of private pools and European trips. The vogue of sun-tanning and movies featuring bikinis further contributed to their popularity in the late 1930s and into the 1960s.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.423-436
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• 2017

This paper presents a deep learning-based road segmentation framework from very high-resolution orthophotos. The proposed method uses Deep Convolutional Autoencoders for end-to-end mapping of orthophotos to road segmentations. In addition, a set of post-processing steps were applied to make the model outputs GIS-ready data that could be useful for various applications. The optimization of the model's parameters is explained which was conducted via grid search method. The model was trained and implemented in Keras, a high-level deep learning framework run on top of Tensorflow. The results show that the proposed model with the best-obtained hyperparameters could segment road objects from orthophotos at an average accuracy of 88.5%. The results of optimization revealed that the best optimization algorithm and activation function for the studied task are Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Exponential Linear Unit (ELU), respectively. In addition, the best numbers of convolutional filters were found to be 8 for the first and second layers and 128 for the third and fourth layers of the proposed network architecture. Moreover, the analysis on the time complexity of the model showed that the model could be trained in 4 hours and 50 minutes on 1024 high-resolution images of size $106{\times}106pixels$, and segment road objects from similar size and resolution images in around 14 minutes. The results show that the deep learning models such as Convolutional Autoencoders could be a best alternative to traditional machine learning models for road segmentation from aerial photographs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.608-613
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• 2009

This study aims to examine terrorism by biological agents. These days terrorism evolved so rapidly that more than one terror occurs a day in global society as we are on the edge of so-called New-terrorism. One of new examples of new terrorism is Bioterrorism by biological agents. In order to address Bioterrorism we should conduct a study to examine things to be prepared at ordinary times and future plans. As an effort to develop countermeasures against Bioterrorism, anti-terrorism laws should be made on Prevention phases anti-terrorism funding laws as well. Other Bioterrorism laws need to be made. On Response phases initial reaction task force should be ready for making positive initial reaction. A special hospital for CBR(Chemical, Biological, and Radiological) warfare needs to be designated to practice medicine. Biological-Safety-Levels should be constructed by IV levels. Effective public promotion network should be built. On Recovery phases evaluation system needs to be suggested and international cooperative network should be established.

• Strategy21
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• s.41
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• pp.30-51
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• 2017

Neighboring powers in the Korean Peninsula have started to develop and operate aircraft carriers or equivalent forces to cope with rising North Korean nuclear and missile threats and also to show its national might. For example, the United States has added a aircraft carrier from the 3rd fleet to western pacific theater of operation, while Peoples Republic of China is undergoing operational test of Liaoning as well as preparing for christening of its 2nd aircraft carrier. Japan is flexing its muscle as well by deploying Izumo capable of operating F-35B to Southeast Asia to participate in multilateral exercises starting this year. It is a high time to know more about aircraft carriers or similar types in terms of maritime strategy and history. The U.S. has had by far the vast amount of experiences in utilizing aircraft carrier that it would be beneficial for us to examine U.S. perspectives and its application in the Korean Peninsula. It will provide us with insights to understand and predict what it would be like in times of crisis in the Korean Peninsula in the perspective of aircraft carrier's involvement. This paper intends to show some aspects of future conflicts in the Korean Peninsula and how the ROK Navy can best be ready for such situation. For research purpose, U.S. maritime strategy has been developed in stages ; establishment phase, WWI phase, WWII phase, Cold war phase, post Cold war phase. Each phase includes such factors as threats, strategic concept, applications, and ways to improve maritime strategy. Finally, the role of aircraft carrier based on past history as well as future conflict shines the importance to have power projection capabilities for the ROK Navy. The intrinsic nature of the navy in the world is to project power ashore just as history proved it.